[Cite as State v. Crump, 2021-Ohio-2574.] IN THE COURT OF APPEALS FIRST APPELLATE DISTRICT OF OHIO HAMILTON COUNTY, OHIO
STATE OF OHIO, : APPEAL NOS. C-190636 C-190637 Plaintiff-Appellee, : TRIAL NOS. 18CRB-20414A 18CRB-20414C vs. : O P I N I O N. SHAWN CRUMP, :
Defendant-Appellant. :
Criminal Appeals From: Hamilton County Municipal Court
Judgments Appealed From Are: Affirmed
Date of Judgment Entry on Appeal: July 28, 2021
Andrew Garth, City Solicitor, William T. Horsley, Chief Prosecuting Attorney, and Meagan D. Woodall, Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, for Plaintiff-Appellee,
Raymond T. Faller, Hamilton County Public Defender, and Lora Peters, Assistant Public Defender, for Defendant-Appellant. OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
W INKLER , Judge.
{¶1} Following a bench trial, defendant-appellant Shawn Crump was
convicted of obstructing official business, in violation of R.C. 2921.31, and failing to
disclose personal information, in violation of R.C. 2921.29(A)(1). On appeal, Crump
contests the sufficiency and weight of the evidence underlying his convictions. For
the reasons that follow, we affirm the trial court’s judgments.
Background Facts and Procedure
{¶2} On August 6, 2018, Crump was arrested and charged with
obstructing official business, disorderly conduct, and failure to disclose personal
information. The charges arose out of a confrontation Crump had with the police on
that day around 6 p.m. The case proceeded to a bench trial.
{¶3} The state’s evidence showed Cincinnati police officers observed a
teenaged girl standing alongside Hamilton Avenue near the Cincinnati Police
Department’s District Five station. The girl was crying and wearing a four-foot long
cardboard sign hung around her neck that read, “I’m a th[ie]f.” Police officers
observed that she had a swollen thumb and she complained of pain. Their attempts
to investigate the girl’s welfare were interrupted by Crump, who identified himself as
the girl’s father and pulled her behind him. Crump delayed the investigation by
repeatedly telling the police they could not talk to his daughter and instructing her
accordingly.
{¶4} When a crew from the fire department arrived at the scene, Crump
again pulled his daughter behind him and refused requests that medical personnel be
allowed to look at the injury. Eventually, Crump was arrested so that his daughter
could be evaluated. Initially, Crump calmly submitted to the arresting officer, but
2 OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
once in handcuffs he became irate, shouting profanity-laced objections and
commanding his daughter’s silence.
{¶5} Before the fire department’s arrival, investigating officers had asked
Crump to provide his name and his address. He provided his full name to one
officer, but he never provided an address, indicating only that he lived “down the
street.”
{¶6} Defense counsel cross-examined the two investigating officers who
testified by showing them “relevant” portions of the encounter that had been
captured on their body-worn cameras and saved to a DVD. Although the DVD
accepted into evidence contained additional footage from the officers’ cameras,
defense counsel identified “for the record” the authenticated segments he had played
in court.
{¶7} During closing argument, defense counsel argued that Crump had
exercised his privilege as a parent to refuse medical treatment for his child, conduct
that could not be sanctioned under the obstructing statute. Further, defense counsel
contended that Crump’s failure to provide his address did not hamper the
completion of the police report and thus did not result in a violation of the
obstructing-official-business or failure-to-disclose statutes. Finally, defense counsel
argued that Crump’s words and manner were not sufficiently egregious to satisfy the
disorderly-conduct statute.
{¶8} Ruling from the bench, the judge found Crump guilty of the
obstructing and failure-to-identify offenses, but not guilty of the disorderly-conduct
offense. These timely appeals followed.
3 OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
Standards of Review
{¶9} Crump’s sole assignment of error challenges his convictions on
sufficiency and weight-of-the-evidence grounds. When reviewing the sufficiency of
the evidence, this court asks whether, viewing the evidence in the light most
favorable to the prosecution, any rational trier of fact could have found the essential
elements of the crime proven beyond a reasonable doubt. State v. Jenks, 61 Ohio
St.3d 259, 574 N.E.2d 492 (1991), paragraph two of the syllabus.
{¶10} Conversely, when considering a claim that the evidence weighs
against a conviction, this court “weighs the evidence and all reasonable inferences,
considers the credibility of witnesses and determines whether in resolving conflicts
in the evidence, the [trier of fact] clearly lost its way and created such a miscarriage
of justice that the conviction must be reversed and new trial ordered.” State v.
Martin, 20 Ohio App.3d 172, 175, 485 N.E.2d 717 (1st Dist.1983), quoted in State v.
Thompkins, 78 Ohio St.3d 380, 387, 678 N.E.2d 541 (1997).
Obstructing Official Business
{¶11} R.C. 2921.31(A) provides: “No person, without privilege to do so and
with purpose to prevent, obstruct, or delay the performance by a public official of any
authorized act within the public official’s official capacity, shall do any act that
hampers or impedes a public official in the performance of the public official’s lawful
duties.”
{¶12} Crump maintains the evidence fails because he acted with “privilege”
in refusing medical treatment for his daughter. “ ‘Privilege’ means an immunity,
license, or right conferred by law, bestowed by express or implied grant, arising out
of status, position, office, or relationship, or growing out of necessity.” R.C.
2901.01(A)(12).
4 OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
{¶13} For Crump’s proposition, he cites cases supporting the argument that
a parent has a constitutionally protected liberty interest to decide whether a child
receives medical treatment. See In re Murray, 52 Ohio St.3d 155, 157, 556 N.E.2d
1169 (1990), citing Santosky v. Kramer, 455 U.S. 745, 753, 102 S.Ct. 1388, 71 L.Ed.2d
599 (1982) (“Parents have a ‘fundamental liberty interest’ in the care, custody, and
management of the child.”); In re S.H., 9th Dist. Medina No. 13CA0066-M, 2013-
Ohio-4380, ¶ 15. Crump concedes that the right to refuse medical treatment for a
child is not without limitation, but he asserts absent an urgent need for care, a
parent’s refusal to consent to treatment must stand unless a court orders otherwise.
See In re S.H. at ¶ 38. Because the injury in this case involved a nonurgent, nonlife
threatening injury to his daughter’s hand, Crump concludes he had the constitutional
right to refuse medical treatment for his daughter and thus, he acted with privilege in
refusing a physical examination of her.
{¶14} For purposes of this appeal, we accept Crump’s summary of the law
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[Cite as State v. Crump, 2021-Ohio-2574.] IN THE COURT OF APPEALS FIRST APPELLATE DISTRICT OF OHIO HAMILTON COUNTY, OHIO
STATE OF OHIO, : APPEAL NOS. C-190636 C-190637 Plaintiff-Appellee, : TRIAL NOS. 18CRB-20414A 18CRB-20414C vs. : O P I N I O N. SHAWN CRUMP, :
Defendant-Appellant. :
Criminal Appeals From: Hamilton County Municipal Court
Judgments Appealed From Are: Affirmed
Date of Judgment Entry on Appeal: July 28, 2021
Andrew Garth, City Solicitor, William T. Horsley, Chief Prosecuting Attorney, and Meagan D. Woodall, Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, for Plaintiff-Appellee,
Raymond T. Faller, Hamilton County Public Defender, and Lora Peters, Assistant Public Defender, for Defendant-Appellant. OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
W INKLER , Judge.
{¶1} Following a bench trial, defendant-appellant Shawn Crump was
convicted of obstructing official business, in violation of R.C. 2921.31, and failing to
disclose personal information, in violation of R.C. 2921.29(A)(1). On appeal, Crump
contests the sufficiency and weight of the evidence underlying his convictions. For
the reasons that follow, we affirm the trial court’s judgments.
Background Facts and Procedure
{¶2} On August 6, 2018, Crump was arrested and charged with
obstructing official business, disorderly conduct, and failure to disclose personal
information. The charges arose out of a confrontation Crump had with the police on
that day around 6 p.m. The case proceeded to a bench trial.
{¶3} The state’s evidence showed Cincinnati police officers observed a
teenaged girl standing alongside Hamilton Avenue near the Cincinnati Police
Department’s District Five station. The girl was crying and wearing a four-foot long
cardboard sign hung around her neck that read, “I’m a th[ie]f.” Police officers
observed that she had a swollen thumb and she complained of pain. Their attempts
to investigate the girl’s welfare were interrupted by Crump, who identified himself as
the girl’s father and pulled her behind him. Crump delayed the investigation by
repeatedly telling the police they could not talk to his daughter and instructing her
accordingly.
{¶4} When a crew from the fire department arrived at the scene, Crump
again pulled his daughter behind him and refused requests that medical personnel be
allowed to look at the injury. Eventually, Crump was arrested so that his daughter
could be evaluated. Initially, Crump calmly submitted to the arresting officer, but
2 OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
once in handcuffs he became irate, shouting profanity-laced objections and
commanding his daughter’s silence.
{¶5} Before the fire department’s arrival, investigating officers had asked
Crump to provide his name and his address. He provided his full name to one
officer, but he never provided an address, indicating only that he lived “down the
street.”
{¶6} Defense counsel cross-examined the two investigating officers who
testified by showing them “relevant” portions of the encounter that had been
captured on their body-worn cameras and saved to a DVD. Although the DVD
accepted into evidence contained additional footage from the officers’ cameras,
defense counsel identified “for the record” the authenticated segments he had played
in court.
{¶7} During closing argument, defense counsel argued that Crump had
exercised his privilege as a parent to refuse medical treatment for his child, conduct
that could not be sanctioned under the obstructing statute. Further, defense counsel
contended that Crump’s failure to provide his address did not hamper the
completion of the police report and thus did not result in a violation of the
obstructing-official-business or failure-to-disclose statutes. Finally, defense counsel
argued that Crump’s words and manner were not sufficiently egregious to satisfy the
disorderly-conduct statute.
{¶8} Ruling from the bench, the judge found Crump guilty of the
obstructing and failure-to-identify offenses, but not guilty of the disorderly-conduct
offense. These timely appeals followed.
3 OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
Standards of Review
{¶9} Crump’s sole assignment of error challenges his convictions on
sufficiency and weight-of-the-evidence grounds. When reviewing the sufficiency of
the evidence, this court asks whether, viewing the evidence in the light most
favorable to the prosecution, any rational trier of fact could have found the essential
elements of the crime proven beyond a reasonable doubt. State v. Jenks, 61 Ohio
St.3d 259, 574 N.E.2d 492 (1991), paragraph two of the syllabus.
{¶10} Conversely, when considering a claim that the evidence weighs
against a conviction, this court “weighs the evidence and all reasonable inferences,
considers the credibility of witnesses and determines whether in resolving conflicts
in the evidence, the [trier of fact] clearly lost its way and created such a miscarriage
of justice that the conviction must be reversed and new trial ordered.” State v.
Martin, 20 Ohio App.3d 172, 175, 485 N.E.2d 717 (1st Dist.1983), quoted in State v.
Thompkins, 78 Ohio St.3d 380, 387, 678 N.E.2d 541 (1997).
Obstructing Official Business
{¶11} R.C. 2921.31(A) provides: “No person, without privilege to do so and
with purpose to prevent, obstruct, or delay the performance by a public official of any
authorized act within the public official’s official capacity, shall do any act that
hampers or impedes a public official in the performance of the public official’s lawful
duties.”
{¶12} Crump maintains the evidence fails because he acted with “privilege”
in refusing medical treatment for his daughter. “ ‘Privilege’ means an immunity,
license, or right conferred by law, bestowed by express or implied grant, arising out
of status, position, office, or relationship, or growing out of necessity.” R.C.
2901.01(A)(12).
4 OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
{¶13} For Crump’s proposition, he cites cases supporting the argument that
a parent has a constitutionally protected liberty interest to decide whether a child
receives medical treatment. See In re Murray, 52 Ohio St.3d 155, 157, 556 N.E.2d
1169 (1990), citing Santosky v. Kramer, 455 U.S. 745, 753, 102 S.Ct. 1388, 71 L.Ed.2d
599 (1982) (“Parents have a ‘fundamental liberty interest’ in the care, custody, and
management of the child.”); In re S.H., 9th Dist. Medina No. 13CA0066-M, 2013-
Ohio-4380, ¶ 15. Crump concedes that the right to refuse medical treatment for a
child is not without limitation, but he asserts absent an urgent need for care, a
parent’s refusal to consent to treatment must stand unless a court orders otherwise.
See In re S.H. at ¶ 38. Because the injury in this case involved a nonurgent, nonlife
threatening injury to his daughter’s hand, Crump concludes he had the constitutional
right to refuse medical treatment for his daughter and thus, he acted with privilege in
refusing a physical examination of her.
{¶14} For purposes of this appeal, we accept Crump’s summary of the law
regarding a parent’s constitutional right to refuse medical treatment for his or her
child. We conclude, however, that Crump’s argument based on this law is misplaced.
The dispositive issue here is whether Crump had a privilege to impede a police
investigation into his daughter’s welfare, including the degree and source of her
injury.
{¶15} Crump argues this case does not involve an officer’s suspicion of a
crime such as domestic violence or assault, but that argument simply ignores the
facts. One of the investigating officers expressly testified he suspected Crump’s
daughter had been assaulted, perhaps by him.
5 OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
{¶16} Ultimately, we conclude Crump’s privilege-based argument is
meritless, and that his conviction for obstructing official business was supported by
sufficient evidence and was not against the manifest weight of the evidence.
Failure to Disclose Personal Information
{¶17} Next we review Crump’s arguments challenging his conviction for
failing to disclose personal information to the investigating officers. The relevant
statute provides, “No person who is in a public place shall refuse to disclose the
person’s name, address, or date of birth, when requested by a law enforcement
officer who reasonably suspects * * * [t]he person is committing, has committed, or
is about to commit a criminal offense.” R.C. 2921.29(A)(1). This subsection of R.C.
2921.29 applies to questioning in the context of an investigative detention, or “Terry
stop,” and not to questions posed during a consensual encounter. State v. Starcher,
7th Dist. Jefferson No. 14JE17, 2014-Ohio-5223, ¶ 19-21.
{¶18} Crump argues that he merely failed to provide his specific address
during a consensual encounter, and that his conduct was not criminal because it did
not prevent the arresting officer from obtaining his personal information in a timely
manner for purposes of filling out the arrest form. We reject these arguments. First,
the evidence shows the police elicited Crump’s personal information during an
investigative detention based on reasonable suspicion of domestic violence, not
during a consensual encounter. Second, the subject statute does not contain the
additional element of obstruction.
{¶19} Finally, at oral argument, appellate counsel advanced an argument
attacking the conviction based on footage that the trial court did not view but that
allegedly was submitted to the court on the DVD containing the videos from the
body-worn cameras. As a reviewing court, our record is limited to the record before
6 OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
the trial court. See State v. Ishmail, 54 Ohio St.2d 402, 377 N.E.2d 500 (1978).
Here, the transcript from the trial shows the court admitted only the “relevant”
portions of the DVD, the footage that defense counsel specifically identified and
showed in court. Because this new argument is based on evidence outside the
record, we reject it. See id. at paragraph one of the syllabus.
{¶20} Ultimately, the evidence shows a recalcitrant father, in the process of
disciplining a child with a visible injury, who failed to provide his street address to an
officer seeking that information during a well-founded investigation into whether the
father had inflicted the child’s injury. We conclude that Crump’s conviction for
violating R.C. 2921.29(A)(1) was supported by sufficient evidence and was not
against the weight of the evidence. The trial court was in the best position to weigh
the evidence, and the record demonstrates the trial court did so carefully. We cannot
say this is an “exceptional case” in which the evidence weighs heavily against a
conviction. See Martin, 20 Ohio App.3d at 175, 485 N.E.2d 717.
Conclusion
{¶21} Crump’s convictions for obstructing official business and failing to
disclose personal information were supported by sufficient evidence and were not
against the manifest weight of the evidence. Consequently, we overrule the
assignment of error and affirm the trial court’s judgments.
Judgments affirmed.
M YERS , P.J., and S UNDERMANN , J., concur.
J. H OWARD S UNDERMANN , J R ., retired, from the First Appellate District, sitting by assignment.
Please note: The court has recorded its own entry this date.