[Cite as State v. Cotton, 2017-Ohio-5807.]
Court of Appeals of Ohio EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA
JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION No. 102581
STATE OF OHIO
PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE
vs.
SYLVESTER COTTON
DEFENDANT-APPELLANT
JUDGMENT: VACATED AND REMANDED
Criminal Appeal from the Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas Case No. CR-14-584941-B
BEFORE: Jones, J., Kilbane, P.J., and Stewart, J.
RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: July 13, 2017 ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANT
Timothy Young State Public Defender
BY: Francisco E. Luttecke Assistant State Public Defender 250 East Broad Street, Suite 1400 Columbus, Ohio 43215
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
Michael C. O’Malley Cuyahoga County Prosecutor
BY: Eleina Thomas Gregory J. Ochocki John E. Jackson Assistant County Prosecutors The Justice Center, 9th Floor 1200 Ontario Street Cleveland, Ohio 44113 LARRY A. JONES, SR., J.:
{¶1} This opinion is issued on reopening of this case after this court’s first
decision in State v. Cotton, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 102581, 2015-Ohio-5419, 55 N.E.3d
573. For the reasons that follow, we vacate the aggravated burglary conviction and
remand for resentencing.
{¶2} Defendant-appellant Sylvester Cotton and his codefendant, Michael Brooks,
were tried in a joint jury trial for numerous crimes associated with the armed robbery of
Michael Ewart, Jr.1 The jury and court convicted the defendants on all the charges,
which included convictions for aggravated burglary. Cotton and Brooks were sentenced
to prison terms of 78 years and 75 years, respectively. Both defendants appealed, and
the cases, although not consolidated, were heard before the same panel of judges.
{¶3} In Cotton’s appeal, appellate counsel contended, among other things, that the
evidence was insufficient to sustain Cotton’s attempted murder and felonious assault
convictions. See Cotton at ¶ 8-21. We agreed as to one of the attempted murder counts,
but disagreed as to the other attempted murder and felonious assault counts and affirmed
those convictions. Id.
{¶4} In Brooks’s appeal, appellate counsel contended, among other things, that the
evidence was insufficient to sustain his aggravated burglary conviction. We agreed and
sustained his assignment of error relative to that count. State v. Brooks, 8th Dist.
Cuyahoga No. 102551, 2016-Ohio-489, 56 N.E.3d 357, ¶ 36-41.
1 Both defendants were charged with having weapons while under disability, notices of prior convictions and repeat violent offender specifications, which were tried to the bench. {¶5} Cotton sought to reopen his appeal, contending that his appellate counsel was
ineffective by failing to raise the issue of the sufficiency of the aggravated burglary
conviction, and we granted his request to reopen. He now presents the following two
assignments of error for our review:
I. Mr. Cotton’s aggravated burglary conviction violated his state and federal constitutional rights to due process of law, because the evidence was insufficient to establish all the requisite elements of that offense.
II. Appellate counsel provided ineffective assistance of counsel when it failed to assert a sufficiency claim regarding the aggravated burglary charge on behalf of Mr. Cotton.
{¶6} In order to establish a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel, the applicant
must demonstrate that counsel’s performance was deficient and that the deficient
performance prejudiced the defense. Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 104 S.Ct.
2052, 80 L.Ed.2d 674 (1984); State v. Bradley, 42 Ohio St.3d 136, 538 N.E.2d 373
(1989). The two-prong analysis in Strickland is also the appropriate standard when
determining ineffective assistance of appellate counsel. State v. Were, 120 Ohio St.3d
85, 2008-Ohio-5277, 896 N.E.2d 699, ¶ 10. To show ineffective assistance of appellate
counsel, Cotton must prove that his counsel was “deficient for failing to raise the issues
he now presents and that there was a reasonable probability of success had he presented
those claims on appeal.” State v. Sheppard, 91 Ohio St.3d 329, 329, 744 N.E.2d 770
(2001).
{¶7} Relative to the aggravated burglary, in Cotton, we described the facts as
follows:
the victim testified that on the night of April 25, 2014, he returned home to his apartment in the city of Euclid to find three males hiding in the back entrance to his apartment building. Two of the males were later identified as Cotton and Michael Brooks. The victim testified that all three males were armed with guns and that they demanded the victim’s wallet.
Cotton, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 102581, 2015-Ohio-5419, 55 N.E.3d 573, at ¶ 3.
{¶8} In Brooks, because the aggravated burglary conviction was raised, we
described the events surrounding the crime in more detail as follows:
Ewart testified that generally no one could enter his apartment building complex through the front door because it was locked. Therefore, Ewart customarily entered through the back door, which, presumably, was unlocked. Ewart testified that on the evening of the crimes, “I got to the back door, he came out the back; and I saw a guy, and around the back. And he came out the basement with another guy. I saw him around the back.” As he was testifying, Ewart was pointing to Brooks and Cotton. Therefore, the assistant prosecuting attorney followed up with questions as to who “he” referred to. Ewart testified that Brooks was the first “he” Ewart referred to, meaning that Brooks was the one who “came out the back.”
In reference to Cotton, Ewart testified that “[h]e came around the back. When I was coming in the hallway, but when them two ran out the basement, he came running back, coming out the door. When I turned to the right, I saw him standing there.”
Brooks, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 102551, 2016-Ohio-489, 56 N.E.3d 357, at ¶ 37-38.
{¶9} This court found that the above-mentioned testimony on “exactly where the
perpetrators were when Ewart approached the back door [was] minimal and somewhat
confusing.” Id. at ¶ 39. Based on the testimony, this court concluded that although it
established that Brooks was, at some point, in the basement of the apartment building, it
was not sufficient evidence to sustain an aggravated burglary conviction for the reasons
that follow:
Specifically, there was no testimony that the theft occurred inside the apartment building. The testimony was that the perpetrators were coming out of the building as Ewart approached. Ewart only testified that he was “coming in the hallway”; he never testified that he actually made it into the building, or that the theft occurred inside the building. We are not persuaded by the state’s contention that Ewart testified that he was in the hallway during the encounter. The testimony that the state points to was Ewart’s response to the state’s questioning of him as to the layout, in general, of the hallway. Ewart never specifically stated, however, that he was in the hallway when he encountered Brooks or that that was where the theft occurred. Thus, the evidence was insufficient to support the aggravated burglary charge.
Id. at ¶ 40; but see ¶ 52-54 (Stewart, J., dissenting) (citing the assistant prosecuting
attorney’s description of the perpetrators “standing in the apartment,” and noting that
Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI
[Cite as State v. Cotton, 2017-Ohio-5807.]
Court of Appeals of Ohio EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA
JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION No. 102581
STATE OF OHIO
PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE
vs.
SYLVESTER COTTON
DEFENDANT-APPELLANT
JUDGMENT: VACATED AND REMANDED
Criminal Appeal from the Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas Case No. CR-14-584941-B
BEFORE: Jones, J., Kilbane, P.J., and Stewart, J.
RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: July 13, 2017 ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANT
Timothy Young State Public Defender
BY: Francisco E. Luttecke Assistant State Public Defender 250 East Broad Street, Suite 1400 Columbus, Ohio 43215
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
Michael C. O’Malley Cuyahoga County Prosecutor
BY: Eleina Thomas Gregory J. Ochocki John E. Jackson Assistant County Prosecutors The Justice Center, 9th Floor 1200 Ontario Street Cleveland, Ohio 44113 LARRY A. JONES, SR., J.:
{¶1} This opinion is issued on reopening of this case after this court’s first
decision in State v. Cotton, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 102581, 2015-Ohio-5419, 55 N.E.3d
573. For the reasons that follow, we vacate the aggravated burglary conviction and
remand for resentencing.
{¶2} Defendant-appellant Sylvester Cotton and his codefendant, Michael Brooks,
were tried in a joint jury trial for numerous crimes associated with the armed robbery of
Michael Ewart, Jr.1 The jury and court convicted the defendants on all the charges,
which included convictions for aggravated burglary. Cotton and Brooks were sentenced
to prison terms of 78 years and 75 years, respectively. Both defendants appealed, and
the cases, although not consolidated, were heard before the same panel of judges.
{¶3} In Cotton’s appeal, appellate counsel contended, among other things, that the
evidence was insufficient to sustain Cotton’s attempted murder and felonious assault
convictions. See Cotton at ¶ 8-21. We agreed as to one of the attempted murder counts,
but disagreed as to the other attempted murder and felonious assault counts and affirmed
those convictions. Id.
{¶4} In Brooks’s appeal, appellate counsel contended, among other things, that the
evidence was insufficient to sustain his aggravated burglary conviction. We agreed and
sustained his assignment of error relative to that count. State v. Brooks, 8th Dist.
Cuyahoga No. 102551, 2016-Ohio-489, 56 N.E.3d 357, ¶ 36-41.
1 Both defendants were charged with having weapons while under disability, notices of prior convictions and repeat violent offender specifications, which were tried to the bench. {¶5} Cotton sought to reopen his appeal, contending that his appellate counsel was
ineffective by failing to raise the issue of the sufficiency of the aggravated burglary
conviction, and we granted his request to reopen. He now presents the following two
assignments of error for our review:
I. Mr. Cotton’s aggravated burglary conviction violated his state and federal constitutional rights to due process of law, because the evidence was insufficient to establish all the requisite elements of that offense.
II. Appellate counsel provided ineffective assistance of counsel when it failed to assert a sufficiency claim regarding the aggravated burglary charge on behalf of Mr. Cotton.
{¶6} In order to establish a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel, the applicant
must demonstrate that counsel’s performance was deficient and that the deficient
performance prejudiced the defense. Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 104 S.Ct.
2052, 80 L.Ed.2d 674 (1984); State v. Bradley, 42 Ohio St.3d 136, 538 N.E.2d 373
(1989). The two-prong analysis in Strickland is also the appropriate standard when
determining ineffective assistance of appellate counsel. State v. Were, 120 Ohio St.3d
85, 2008-Ohio-5277, 896 N.E.2d 699, ¶ 10. To show ineffective assistance of appellate
counsel, Cotton must prove that his counsel was “deficient for failing to raise the issues
he now presents and that there was a reasonable probability of success had he presented
those claims on appeal.” State v. Sheppard, 91 Ohio St.3d 329, 329, 744 N.E.2d 770
(2001).
{¶7} Relative to the aggravated burglary, in Cotton, we described the facts as
follows:
the victim testified that on the night of April 25, 2014, he returned home to his apartment in the city of Euclid to find three males hiding in the back entrance to his apartment building. Two of the males were later identified as Cotton and Michael Brooks. The victim testified that all three males were armed with guns and that they demanded the victim’s wallet.
Cotton, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 102581, 2015-Ohio-5419, 55 N.E.3d 573, at ¶ 3.
{¶8} In Brooks, because the aggravated burglary conviction was raised, we
described the events surrounding the crime in more detail as follows:
Ewart testified that generally no one could enter his apartment building complex through the front door because it was locked. Therefore, Ewart customarily entered through the back door, which, presumably, was unlocked. Ewart testified that on the evening of the crimes, “I got to the back door, he came out the back; and I saw a guy, and around the back. And he came out the basement with another guy. I saw him around the back.” As he was testifying, Ewart was pointing to Brooks and Cotton. Therefore, the assistant prosecuting attorney followed up with questions as to who “he” referred to. Ewart testified that Brooks was the first “he” Ewart referred to, meaning that Brooks was the one who “came out the back.”
In reference to Cotton, Ewart testified that “[h]e came around the back. When I was coming in the hallway, but when them two ran out the basement, he came running back, coming out the door. When I turned to the right, I saw him standing there.”
Brooks, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 102551, 2016-Ohio-489, 56 N.E.3d 357, at ¶ 37-38.
{¶9} This court found that the above-mentioned testimony on “exactly where the
perpetrators were when Ewart approached the back door [was] minimal and somewhat
confusing.” Id. at ¶ 39. Based on the testimony, this court concluded that although it
established that Brooks was, at some point, in the basement of the apartment building, it
was not sufficient evidence to sustain an aggravated burglary conviction for the reasons
that follow:
Specifically, there was no testimony that the theft occurred inside the apartment building. The testimony was that the perpetrators were coming out of the building as Ewart approached. Ewart only testified that he was “coming in the hallway”; he never testified that he actually made it into the building, or that the theft occurred inside the building. We are not persuaded by the state’s contention that Ewart testified that he was in the hallway during the encounter. The testimony that the state points to was Ewart’s response to the state’s questioning of him as to the layout, in general, of the hallway. Ewart never specifically stated, however, that he was in the hallway when he encountered Brooks or that that was where the theft occurred. Thus, the evidence was insufficient to support the aggravated burglary charge.
Id. at ¶ 40; but see ¶ 52-54 (Stewart, J., dissenting) (citing the assistant prosecuting
attorney’s description of the perpetrators “standing in the apartment,” and noting that
[a]lthough only the victim’s responses to the questions — not the questions themselves — constitute evidence, at no time does the victim correct anything referenced in a question that suggests the burglary took place anywhere but inside of his apartment building (or at least in the doorway of his building).
{¶10} The dissent further contended that even if the evidence was insufficient to
prove that the theft took place inside the apartment building, “at a minimum the evidence
demonstrated that the armed theft occurred in an occupied structure.”
{¶11} For the same reasons that this court articulated in Brooks, we likewise find
the evidence was insufficient to sustain an aggravated burglary conviction against Cotton
and that, under the circumstances presented here, his appellate counsel was ineffective for
not raising the issue in his first appeal.
{¶12} Accordingly, we sustain Cotton’s two assignments of error, vacate the
aggravated burglary conviction, and remand the case to the trial court to issue an amended
judgment of conviction with deletion of the aggravated burglary conviction and to
resentence Cotton with deletion of that count.
It is ordered that appellant recover of appellee costs herein taxed.
The court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
It is ordered that a special mandate issue out of this court directing the common pleas court to carry this judgment into execution.
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule 27 of
the Rules of Appellate Procedure.
LARRY A. JONES, SR., JUDGE
MARY EILEEN KILBANE, P.J., CONCURS; MELODY J. STEWART, J., DISSENTS WITH SEPARATE OPINION
MELODY J. STEWART, J., DISSENTING:
{¶13} Consistent with my dissenting opinion in State v. Brooks, 2016-Ohio-489,
56 N.E.3d 357 (8th Dist.), I conclude that the state offered sufficient evidence from which
a rational trier of fact could infer that the elements of aggravated burglary were
established.
{¶14} All of the judges on the panel agree that the evidence of where the theft
occurred was unclear, but whether it was unclear to us is immaterial to how we review
questions regarding the sufficiency of the evidence. The question is how the jury
viewed the evidence and the inferences arising from the testimony.
{¶15} The inferences from the evidence are important:
a reviewing court “faced with a record of historical facts that supports conflicting inferences must presume — even if it does not affirmatively appear in the record — that the trier of fact resolved any such conflicts in favor of the prosecution, and must defer to that resolution.”
(Emphasis added.) Cavazos v. Smith, 565 U.S. 1, 7, 132 S.Ct. 2, 181 L.Ed.2d 311
(2011), quoting Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 326, 99 S.Ct. 2781, 61 L.Ed.2d 560
(1979). {¶16} The majority, as it did in Brooks, maintains that the only evidence of where
the burglary occurred is based on questions asked by the state that assumed that the theft
occurred inside the apartment building. This conclusion disregards the testimony by the
victim: “When I was coming in the hallway, but when them two ran out the basement, he
came running back, coming out the door. When I turned to the right, I saw him standing
there.” Parsing these statements shows that the jury could infer the following: the victim
was physically entering the apartment building (“coming in the hallway”), saw two men
run out of the building (“them two ran out of the basement”), and did not move from
where he stood at the door to the apartment (“turned to the right”). From this, the jury
could reasonably infer that the theft occurred in the doorway to the apartment building,
satisfying the R.C. 2911.11(A) element that an aggravated burglary occur in an occupied
structure or “any portion thereof.” See R.C. 2911.11(C)(1).
{¶17} Tellingly, Cotton himself cites the Brooks opinion to state that “the
possibility exists that the entirety of the criminal acts in question occurred outside the
apartment building.” (Emphasis added.) Appellant’s brief at 6, citing Brooks,
2016-Ohio-489, 56 N.E.3d 357, at ¶ 40. If it was only “possible” that the crime
occurred outside the apartment building, Cotton has not provided a basis for reversal.
The evidence is considered “legally sufficient” if, after viewing the evidence most
favorably to the state, “any rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements of
the crime proven beyond a reasonable doubt.” State v. Jenks, 61 Ohio St.3d 259, 574
N.E.2d 492 (1991), paragraph two of the syllabus. If, as Cotton indicates, there was
some basis for conflict in the record about where the theft occurred, as a reviewing court
we must presume that the jury found that the offense occurred at the door of the building and defer to that finding.