State v. Cobb

334 So. 2d 200, 1976 La. LEXIS 4343
CourtSupreme Court of Louisiana
DecidedJune 21, 1976
DocketNo. 57582
StatusPublished
Cited by2 cases

This text of 334 So. 2d 200 (State v. Cobb) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Supreme Court of Louisiana primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
State v. Cobb, 334 So. 2d 200, 1976 La. LEXIS 4343 (La. 1976).

Opinion

SUMMERS, Justice.

A bill of information filed by the District Attorney of East Baton Rouge Parish charged that John C. Gibbs and Larry B. Cobb knowingly and intentionally distributed marijuana. La.R.S. 40:966 A. Gibbs turned state’s evidence. Cobb was tried, found guilty and sentenced to serve three years imprisonment at hard labor.

At the trial Cobb, a black man, was identified by Gibbs and Carmen Dufrene as the person who sold marijuana to Dufrene, an undercover police woman [201]*201posing as a student. Although Cobb was not a student, the transaction occurred in the vicinity of Tara High School on a school day just before the beginning of class.

I.

In brief defense counsel sets forth that during the selection of prospective jurors Vicky A. Foelsch was called for voir dire examination. The prospective juror examined immediately before Foelsch indicated that he might not agree that the statute for the offense charged was fair, and he was excused. Foelsch was then examined by the trial judge:

“Q. How about you?
A. (MS. FOELSCH) I think the penalty is a little stiff for this situation.
Q. Now, let me explain to you this, first of all, the function of the jury in a case like this is to determine what the facts are, and their verdict must be based on the testimony and the evidence without regard to what the possible penalties are.
A. (MS. FOELSCH) Uh-huh.
Q. And if the possible maximum penalty is too stiff, then the question arises, notwithstanding the fact that you may feel or disagree with that portion of the law, the penalty, maximum penalty is too stiff, could you apply the law, and if you’re convinced beyond a reasonable doubt that the man has been proved guilty could you return the verdict of guilty? In other words, would your disagreement with the penalty portion of this law affect your judgment on guilt or innocence?
A. (MS. FOELSCH) In other words, keep me from me from saying the man is guilty because—
Q. Right.
A. (MS FOELSCH) Well, really, you know, like I said, I think it is fairly stiff and I don’t know that I could, knowing that in the back of my mind, could actually say guilty.
Q. Well, you understand that the legislature has placed the burden and the duty upon the Court—
A. (MS. FOELSCH) Yes, uh-huh.
Q. —to impose a suitable sentence within the limits of zero to ten years at hard labor, you understand that?
A. (MS. FOELSCH) Yes, I understand that.
Q. You nevertheless still feel that it could affect your judgment in this case?
A. (MS. FOELSCH) Yes, it could.
MR. ¡SINQUEFIELD (Assistant District Attorney): Again, Judge, I’ll challenge for cause.
Q. To put it another way, even though he’s guilty, you don’t want' to expose him to up to ten years at hard labor, is that right? (underling added).
A. (MS. FOELSCH) Yes, Sir.
Q. You’d rather he go free?
A. (MS. FOELSCH) I guess so.
THE COURT: All right, we’ll excuse you, too. You won’t have to come back. Thank you. Take your subpoena down.”

According to the defense the underlined question by the trial judge was an expression in the presence of the jury venire that he felt the defendant was guilty. Conceding that the remark was not intended to have that effect, defense counsel never[202]*202theless argues that the remark “even though he’s guilty” comes within the prohibition that “[t]he judge in the presence of the jury shall not comment upon the facts of the case, either by commenting upon or recapitulating the evidence, repeating the testimony of any witness, or giving an opinion as to what has been proved, not proved, or refuted.” La.Code Crim.Pro. art. 772. Cf. La.Code Crim.Pro. art. 806.

After defense counsel moved to quash the jury because of the question, the judge admonished the jury in this manner:

“THE COURT: All right, I want to remind you ladies and gentlemen right before we recessed we were talking about, the lady who thought that the harshness of the penalty was such that it could influence her judgment as to guilt or innocence, I want you to understand that any remark that I might make, or did make, or any remarks made by the prosecutor, or even by the defense attorney, in propounding such line of questioning, it is not meant to infer that I think or believe this accused is guilty of the charge, or that anyone else thinks he’s guilty of the charge. The questions are propounded to see whether or not you can dispassionately judge the evidence and weigh the evidence and determine whether the State has, in fact, carried its burden of proof to prove the guilt of the accused to the jury’s satisfaction and beyond a reasonable doubt. The accused in this case enjoys the legal presumption of innocence guaranteed by the United States Constitution, and the Louisiana constitution, and you must afford him that legal presumption of innocence and require that the State does carry its burden of proof to establish beyond a reasonable doubt to your satisfaction that he has been proved guilty before you can vote to convict.”

In our opinion the trial judge was saying that in a hypothetical situation, if a defendant were guilty, he understood that the prospective juror, Ms. Foelsch, would not want to .expose him to imprisonment for ten years. We believe, moreover, that the prospective jurors who may have heard the remark and who were chosen did not consider the judge’s question as an expression of opinion by him that defendant was guilty of the charge on which he was to be tried. Its effect upon Ms. Foelsch is immaterial because she was excused for cause.

The phrase “even though he’s guilty” taken in the context of the voir dire examination is a reference to an assumed person, used to- make the question clear. The same is true of a previous question in which the judge used the phrase, “and if you’re convinced beyond a reasonable doubt that the man has been proved guilty.” There the reference to “the man” was not a reference to the defendant, but to an assumed and mythical person used in the interrogation to make clear the judge’s inquiry into the prospective juror’s attitude toward the law.

The judge’s question could have and should have been couched in different words, and any expression of opinion by the judge during a jury trial that a defendant is guilty must be condemned. But a chance, inartfully worded remark, the meaning of which, taken in context, does not amount to an expression of opinion of the trial judge touching upon the defendant’s guilt, will not serve as a basis for upsetting a guilty verdict. State v. Farrier, 114 La. 579, 38 So. 460 (1905); State v. Walker, 50 La.Ann. 420, 23 So. 967 (1898); State v. Alphonse, 34 La.Ann. 9 (1882).

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Related

State v. Weidert
568 So. 2d 1162 (Louisiana Court of Appeal, 1990)
State v. Kirsch
363 So. 2d 429 (Supreme Court of Louisiana, 1978)

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Bluebook (online)
334 So. 2d 200, 1976 La. LEXIS 4343, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/state-v-cobb-la-1976.