[Cite as State v. Cleland, 2011-Ohio-6786.]
STATE OF OHIO ) IN THE COURT OF APPEALS )ss: NINTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COUNTY OF MEDINA )
STATE OF OHIO C.A. No. 09CA0070-M
Appellee
v. APPEAL FROM JUDGMENT ENTERED IN THE SHAUN CLELAND COURT OF COMMON PLEAS COUNTY OF MEDINA, OHIO Appellant CASE No. 05CR0492
DECISION AND JOURNAL ENTRY
Dated: December 30, 2011
CARR, Judge.
{¶1} Appellant, Shaun Cleland, appeals his conviction and sentence in the
Medina County Court of Common Pleas. This Court affirms, in part, and reverses, in
part.
I.
{¶2} When Christina Eichelberger got home from work just after midnight on
October 2, 2005, she found her roommate and boyfriend, David Heinricht, unconscious
with a noose around his neck and a typed suicide note in his hand. Ms. Eichelberger
asked a neighbor to call 911 and returned to her apartment, where she performed CPR on
Mr. Heinricht after cutting the noose. Despite her efforts, and the efforts of the first
responders, Mr. Heinricht could not be revived. Police investigators quickly concluded
that the scene had been staged and that Mr. Heinricht had been the victim of foul play.
Upon Ms. Eichelberger’s suggestion that Cleland, her estranged husband, might be 2
involved, police arrested him at Cleveland Hopkins International Airport. Cleland soon
confessed that he strangled Mr. Heinricht.
{¶3} Cleland was indicted on one count of aggravated murder in violation of
R.C. 2903.01(A); two counts of aggravated murder in violation of R.C. 2903.01(B); one
count of murder in violation of 2903.02(A); two counts of murder in violation of R.C.
2903.02(B); one count of aggravated burglary in violation of R.C. 2911.11(A)(1); and
one count of kidnapping in violation of R.C. 2905.01(A)(3). Before trial, Cleland moved
to suppress the statements that he made to police, arguing that under the circumstances of
this case, a single Miranda warning was not sufficient. The trial court denied the motion
to suppress, and the matter proceeded to a jury trial. The jury found Cleland guilty on all
of the charges. The trial court merged counts one through five for purposes of sentencing
and sentenced Cleland to life imprisonment with the possibility of parole after thirty
years on count one. The trial court also sentenced him to concurrent five-year sentences
for the convictions of aggravated burglary and kidnapping, but ordered the five-year
prison term to be served consecutively with the term imposed for count one. Cleland
timely appealed, raising five assignments of error which this Court has rearranged to
facilitate disposition.
II.
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR I
“THE TRIAL COURT ERRED BY DENYING THE DEFENDANT’S MOTION TO SUPPRESS, WHERE THE POLICE FAILED TO RE-ADVISE HIM OF HIS MIRANDA RIGHTS PRIOR TO RESUMPTION OF THE CUSTODIAL INTERROGATION AND WHERE THE ALLEGED WAIVER OF THOSE MIRANDA RIGHTS AND THE ALLEGED CONFESSION WAS 3
INVOLUNTARY, IN VIOLATION OF THE DEFENDANT’S CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS UNDER THE U.S. AND OHIO CONSTITUTIONS.”
{¶4} Cleland’s first assignment of error is that the trial court should have
suppressed the statements that he made to police officers after his first interview because
his statements were not voluntarily made and because the investigating officer did not
provide Miranda warnings before interviewing him again. We disagree.
{¶5} Because our review of a motion to suppress involves issues of law and fact,
this Court accepts a trial court’s findings of fact if supported by competent, credible
evidence, but reviews the trial court’s legal conclusions de novo. See State v. Burnside,
100 Ohio St.3d 152, 2003-Ohio-5372, at ¶8. Whether a confession is obtained
voluntarily is determined by a two-part analysis. Because the key element in
constitutional violations is state action, the first consideration is whether the police used
inherently coercive tactics in the course of the interview. See Colorado v. Connelly
(1986), 479 U.S. 157, 166. In other words, “coercive police activity is a necessary
predicate to the finding that a confession is not ‘voluntary’ within the meaning of the Due
Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.” Connelly, 479 U.S. at 167.
{¶6} If there is evidence that police used inherently coercive interrogation
tactics, courts evaluate the totality of the circumstances surrounding the interrogation to
determine whether the defendant confessed voluntarily. State v. Treesh (2001), 90 Ohio
St.3d 460, 472. “Evidence of use by the interrogators of an inherently coercive tactic
(e.g., physical abuse, threats, deprivation of food, medical treatment, or sleep) will trigger
the totality of the circumstances analysis. Accordingly, we need not assess the totality of 4
the circumstances unless we find that the tactics used by the detectives were coercive.”
(Internal citations omitted.) Id., citing State v. Clark (1988), 38 Ohio St.3d 252, 261.
{¶7} We note that our review of the trial court decision regarding Cleland’s
motion to suppress does not encompass the evidence that was adduced at trial after the
fact. Consequently, to the extent that Cleland’s arguments refer to evidence in the trial
record, those arguments are not well taken. With respect to the voluntariness of
Cleland’s statements, the trial court concluded that “[a]t no time during these interactions
with police officers was Cleland threatened, or deprived of food, drink, or use of
restroom facilities.” This finding is supported by clear and convincing evidence in the
record, which contains no indication that inherently coercive tactics were used in the
course of Cleland’s interrogation. In the absence of such tactics, we need not evaluate
the totality of the circumstances with respect to Cleland’s state of mind. See Treesh, 90
Ohio St.3d at 472.
{¶8} Cleland has also argued that his statements during the second interrogation
on the morning of October 2nd should be suppressed because the Miranda warnings
administered before the first interrogation had grown stale at that point. When a suspect
is given adequate Miranda warnings before a custodial interrogation, further warnings are
not required before additional interrogation occurs. Id. at 470, citing Wyrick v. Fields
(1982), 459 U.S. 42, 48-49, and State v. Barnes (1986), 25 Ohio St.3d 203, 208. “Police
are not required to re-administer the Miranda warnings when a relatively short period of
time has elapsed since the initial warnings. Courts look to the totality of the
circumstances when deciding whether initial warnings remain effective for subsequent 5
interrogations.” (Internal citations omitted.) Treesh at 470. In applying this test, courts
consider the length of time between the Miranda warning and later interrogations;
whether the suspect was interrogated in a different location or by different police officers;
the extent to which the suspect’s statements differ between interrogations; and the
suspect’s intellectual and emotional state. State v. Roberts (1987), 32 Ohio St.3d 225,
232, citing State v. McZorn (1975), 288 N.C. 417, 434. “Miranda warnings are sufficient
if they are read within a sufficiently proximate time and place to the interrogation to
insure that the suspect is protected from coercive pressures.” State v. Snow (May 24,
2000), 9th Dist. No. 19742, citing Roberts at 232.
{¶9} As the trial court found, Detective Dean Weinhardt orally informed Cleland
of his Miranda rights at the beginning of his first interview and, at approximately 6:00
a.m., Cleland executed a waiver of rights form that contained the same information in
written form. At 6:48 a.m., Cleland executed another acknowledgement of his Miranda
rights contained on the form onto which he reduced a confession to writing. Detective
Weinhardt interviewed Cleland again at 9:12 a.m. He did not re-Mirandize Cleland then,
but did ask whether he still understood his rights as they were explained earlier. The
record from the suppression hearing differs from the trial court’s findings of fact on this
sequence of events. Specifically, the trial court incorrectly concluded that Cleland
executed a written waiver of his Miranda rights and completed a written statement at the
conclusion of the second interview. The record actually indicates that Cleland provided a
written statement that contained a waiver of his Miranda rights at the conclusion of the 6
first interview, followed by a second interview that was not prefaced by a complete
statement of his rights.
{¶10} Nonetheless, it was not error for the trial court to deny the motion to
suppress. The second interview was conducted in the same location by the same
investigating officer only two and one-half hours later. According to Detective
Weinhardt’s testimony, Cleland never asked for food or drink or complained about lack
of sleep. Although Detective Weinhardt learned during the first interview that Cleland
had consumed alcohol the previous evening, Cleland did not appear to be intoxicated or
hampered in his ability to communicate. Some details of the second interview differ
from the written statement that Cleland provided after the first, but the substance of his
confession was materially consistent. Our consideration of the Roberts factors, therefore,
leads to the conclusion that the initial Miranda warnings had not grown stale before the
second interview.
{¶11} Cleland’s first assignment of error is overruled.
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR II
“THE TRIAL COURT ABUSED ITS DISCRETION AND ERRED TO THE PREJUDICE OF DEFENDANT BY EXCLUDING, ON GROUNDS OF RELEVANCE, EVIDENCE AND TESTIMONY FAVORABLE AND POTENTIALLY EXCULPATORY TO THE DEFENDANT CONCERNING THE VICTIM’S PENDING FELONY DRUG CASE AND THE MYSTERIOUS VEHICLES SEEN IN THE VICINITY OF THE HOMES OF DEFENDANT’S SISTER AND MOTHER AT THE TIME OF THE HOMICIDE OFFENSE, WHICH EVIDENCE SUPPORTED DEFENDANT’S POSITION THAT ANOTHER UNIDENTIFIED MAN, WHO HAD THREATENED TO HARM HIS YOUNG NIECE IF DEFENDANT DID NOT TAKE BLAME FOR THE OFFENSE, ACTUALLY KILLED THE VICTM.” 7
{¶12} Cleland’s second assignment of error is that the trial court abused its
discretion by determining that evidence offered by the defense was irrelevant and
excluding it under Evid.R. 401 and 402. The trial court, however, did not exclude any
evidence under Evid.R. 401 and 402, and so there is no error apparent from the record.
{¶13} According to Cleland, the trial court should have admitted police reports by
his mother and sister about suspicious automobiles that were made soon after Mr.
Heinricht’s death. He maintains that this evidence was relevant to his own theory of the
case, which is that an unidentified masked man actually killed Mr. Heinricht and
threatened his own family if he did not confess. As far as can be determined from the
record, however, no such police reports exist. It appears instead that Cleland has in mind
police reports about suspicious vehicles that were made not by his family, but by Ms.
Eichelberger and Mr. Heinricht’s mother, Gloria Clancy. To the extent that he challenges
the trial court’s determination that this evidence was inadmissible, we note that the trial
court’s determination was actually that the content of the reports in the context of
Detective Weinhardt’s testimony would be hearsay, and we note that neither the State nor
Cleland inquired about the reports when Ms. Eichelberger testified.
{¶14} Cleland has also argued that the trial court erred by excluding evidence of
Mr. Heinricht’s own criminal background. Again, however, the trial court did not do so.
The record indicates that Cleland’s attorney asked the coworker of Mr. Heinricht who
drove him home on the night he died whether she was aware that Mr. Heinricht had
“issues.” At sidebar, Cleland’s attorney explained that he meant whether she knew that
he was living with a married woman. Nonetheless, the witness answered the question in 8
the negative; the State withdrew its objection; and the testimony moved forward without
further elaboration and without a ruling from the Court.
{¶15} This Court has engaged in an exhaustive review of the voluminous trial
record in this case and, simply put, the record does not substantiate the basis for
Cleland’s second assignment of error. As he has not argued any other trial court error
with respect to the admission or exclusion of evidence, we decline to “create argument
where none is made.” Deutsche Bank Natl. Trust Co. v. Taylor, 9th Dist. No. 25281,
2011-Ohio-435, at ¶7, citing Cardone v. Cardone (May 6, 1998), 9th Dist. No. 18349.
Cleland’s second assignment of error is overruled.
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR IV
“THE EVIDENCE PRESENTED AT TRIAL WAS INSUFFICIENT TO SUPPORT THE GUILTY VERDICTS AS TO ALL SEVEN COUNTS OF THE INDICTMENT, AND DEFENDANT’S CONVICTIONS FOR AGGRAVATED MURDER, AGGRAVATED BURGLARY, AND KIDNAPPING WERE AGAINST THE MANIFEST WEIGHT OF THE EVIDENCE.”
{¶16} Cleland’s fourth assignment of error is that there is insufficient evidence
supporting his convictions and that his convictions are against the manifest weight of the
evidence. Specifically, with respect to each of his convictions, Cleland has argued that
there is insufficient evidence that he was the perpetrator. He has also argued that the
manifest weight of the evidence demonstrates that someone else killed David Heinricht.
We disagree.
{¶17} “Whether a conviction is supported by sufficient evidence is a question of
law that this Court reviews de novo.” State v. Williams, 9th Dist. No. 24731, 2009–
Ohio–6955, at ¶18, citing State v. Thompkins (1997), 78 Ohio St.3d 380, 386. The 9
relevant inquiry is whether the prosecution has met its burden of production by
presenting sufficient evidence to sustain a conviction. Thompkins, 78 Ohio St.3d at 390
(Cook, J., concurring). In reviewing the evidence, we do not evaluate credibility, and we
make all reasonable inferences in favor of the State. State v. Jenks (1991), 61 Ohio St.3d
259, 273. The State’s evidence is sufficient if it allows the trier of fact to reasonably
conclude that the essential elements of the crime were proven beyond a reasonable doubt.
Id.
{¶18} The identity of a perpetrator must be proved by the State beyond a
reasonable doubt. State v. Flynn, 9th Dist. No. 06CA0096-M, 2007-Ohio-6210, at ¶12.
As with any other element, identity may be proved by direct or circumstantial evidence,
which do not differ with respect to probative value. State v. Gibson, 9th Dist. No. 23881,
2008-Ohio-410, at ¶8.
{¶19} According to the testimony at trial, Cleland pursued reconciliation with Ms.
Eichelberger persistently in the weeks before Mr. Heinricht’s murder. She resisted his
attempts. After he asked whether she was intimate with Mr. Heinricht and she responded
in the affirmative, Cleland replied, “[t]hat’s all I needed to know.” Mr. Heinricht’s
employer received an anonymous call inquiring where Mr. Heinricht lived, and a male
caller contacted the leasing office at Clearbrooke Apartments to find out who else was on
Ms. Eichelberger’s lease. Cleland booked a last-minute trip to Ohio, leaving him AWOL
from his military base in Hawaii. Once in Ohio, Cleland found that he did not have a
rental car reservation. According to the employee of Alamo Rental Car who dealt with
Cleland that morning, his behavior was volatile. After he arrived in Ohio, Cleland 10
contacted Ms. Eichelberger, but left her with the impression that he was calling from
Hawaii instead. He also purchased an air gun, BBs, a hunting knife, binoculars, and
cigarettes.
{¶20} Cleland went to the apartment Ms. Eichelberger shared with Mr. Heinricht,
leading Mr. Heinricht to contact the police. As Cleland admitted, he provided his own
driver’s license to the police officer who responded, but lied about his relationship to Ms.
Eichelberger. When he left the apartment complex, Cleland drove to the bar where Ms.
Eichelberger worked as a bartender. According to her testimony, Cleland told her that he
had come to Ohio to convince her to return to Hawaii with him and was adamant that she
would do so. Ms. Eichelberger testified that during their conversation, he asked whether
she would reconcile with him if Mr. Heinricht were to “disappear.” Over the course of
several hours, Cleland drank beer and Ms. Eichelberger engaged him in conversation
because she wanted to keep track of his whereabouts.
{¶21} Ms. Eichelberger testified that Cleland left the bar around 8:10 p.m. Mr.
Heinricht was also working that evening. Tamara Simak, who worked with Mr.
Heinricht at Starbucks, testified that he worked from 6:00 p.m. until 11:30 p.m. that
evening. Although Mr. Heinricht ordinarily walked to and from work, Ms. Simak
recalled that he asked her for a ride home that night “because he didn’t want to get
jumped.” Ms. Simak dropped him off at 11:45 p.m. She is the last person who saw Mr.
Heinricht alive.
{¶22} Ms. Eichelberger returned home from work shortly after 12:30 a.m. on
October 2nd to a darkened apartment. She found Mr. Heinricht on the futon adjacent to 11
the pass-through wall between the living room and kitchen areas in the apartment. He
was unconscious, with a noose around his neck attached to a rope that led to the kitchen.
Ms. Eichelberger cut the rope, asked a neighbor to call 911, and attempted to resuscitate
Mr. Heinricht. According to the testimony of the officers who soon arrived at the scene,
Ms. Eichelberger was hysterical to the point of physical distress. She told the officers
that she believed Cleland was responsible and that he would be boarding a plane for
Hawaii first thing that morning. The officers also testified that Ms. Eichelberger
recognized the knot in the noose as “military” in nature. Residents of a neighboring
apartment building testified that they saw a male of Cleland’s build walking along the
rooftop of Ms. Eichelberger’s building shortly before midnight on the night of Mr.
Heinricht’s death.
{¶23} In the meantime, Cleland purchased gas for his rental car at 12:14 a.m. and
drove to Cleveland Hopkins International Airport, where he sat in the waiting area and
passed the time by sending flirtatious text messages to his girlfriend, Jessica Guzetti,
which she agreed were like as “playing back and forth.” Around 3:00 a.m., Cleveland
police officers found Cleland sleeping in the waiting area. Officer Daniel Hayes testified
that when they arrested Cleland, he was “very [] quiet, just calm.” Over the course of
three interviews with the Brunswick police department, Cleland confessed that he had
typed the fake suicide note in Hawaii as an attempt to scare Mr. Heinricht and that he
broke into Mr. Heinricht and Ms. Eichelberger’s apartment, choked Mr. Heinricht, and
staged the scene to look like a suicide attempt. 12
{¶24} With this evidence in mind, a reasonable trier of fact could conclude
beyond a reasonable doubt that Cleland was the perpetrator, and his convictions are not
based on insufficient evidence.
{¶25} When considering whether a conviction is against the manifest weight of
the evidence, this Court applies a different standard. We must:
“review the entire record, weigh the evidence and all reasonable inferences, consider the credibility of witnesses and determine whether, in resolving conflicts in the evidence, the trier of fact clearly lost its way and created such a manifest miscarriage of justice that the conviction must be reversed and a new trial ordered.” State v. Otten (1986), 33 Ohio App.3d 339, 340.
Cleland’s arguments regarding the weight of the evidence concern the lack of physical
evidence corroborating his confession and the reliability of the confessions themselves
and his own contradictory testimony at trial to the effect that an unknown person
committed the crime, forcing him to watch and, ultimately, to confess falsely.
{¶26} As an initial matter, this Court must emphasize that our consideration of the
weight of the evidence is by necessity limited to the trial court record. Consequently,
although Cleland’s appellate brief emphasizes many facts related to Mr. Heinricht’s
alleged criminal history which, according to him, cast doubt on the identity of the killer,
those facts were not in evidence in the trial court, despite citations to the record that make
it appear that they were. These statements must be disregarded in our analysis.
{¶27} According to Cleland’s testimony at trial, a masked man was lying in wait
for him in his rental car when he left the bar where Ms. Eichelberger worked. Although
Cleland stated that the unidentified man always wore a mask, he was also able to describe
him at trial. Cleland testified that the stranger forced him to drive to Hinckley Lake, 13
where he removed him from the car, secured his wrists behind his head with tape, and
threatened his young niece if Cleland refused to cooperate with him by telling the police
what he was told to say. The masked man then drove him back to Brunswick, parked in
an adjacent apartment complex, and walked with Cleland to Mr. Heinricht’s apartment
building. Despite testimony that no tape residue was found on Cleland’s clothing and that
Detective Weinhardt did not observe any areas on his wrists where tape may have
removed hair, Cleland testified that once they were inside the apartment, the man taped
his wrists and ankles, and they waited for Mr. Heinricht. When he returned home from
work, the stranger choked him, staged the suicide scene, and told Cleland to take the
blame.
{¶28} Cleland maintains that the physical evidence collected by police supports
his version of events, but this argument mischaracterizes the testimony at trial regarding
that evidence. For example, Cleland has argued that the signature on the typewritten
suicide note could not be linked to him and that police erred by failing to submit any
other exemplars for comparison. In actual fact, Andrew Szymanski, who conducted the
handwriting analysis, testified that the single handwritten word on the suicide note was an
insufficient sample for comparison under any circumstances, and that it would not have
mattered if other exemplars had been submitted for comparison. Similarly, testimony
about the absence of fingerprints that could be identified as Cleland’s occurred in the
context of testimony from police officers that few fingerprints at the scene were of a
quality that could be submitted for analysis. Finally, although the State’s DNA expert
could not testify to a reasonable degree of scientific certainty that Cleland’s DNA was on 14
the rope found around Mr. Heinricht’s neck, she did testify that a mixture of DNA was
found on the rope and that there was a statistical probability that elements of the DNA
profile were consistent with Cleland, Ms. Eichelberger, and Mr. Heinricht.
{¶29} Our thorough review of the record leads to the conclusion that this is not
the exceptional case in which the evidence weighs heavily in favor of Cleland. Instead,
the weight of the evidence supports the conclusion that Cleland committed the crimes in
this case rather than an unidentified individual. Cleland’s convictions are not against the
manifest weight of the evidence.
{¶30} Cleland’s fourth assignment of error is overruled.
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR III
“PROSECUTORIAL MISCONDUCT DURING CLOSING ARGUMENT AT TRIAL DENIED APPELLANT SHAUN M. CLELAND A FAIR TRIAL, AS GUARANTEED UNDER THE DUE PROCESS CLAUSE OF THE FOURTEENTH AMENDMENT TO THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION AND ARTICLE I, SECTION 10 OF THE OHIO CONSTITUTION, WHERE THE PROSECUTOR ACCUSED APPELLANT’S TRIAL COUNSEL OF LYING TO THE JURY.”
{¶31} Cleland’s third assignment of error is that the State’s remarks at the
beginning of closing argument disparaged trial counsel in such a way that the jury was
predisposed against Cleland and that, consequently, they denied him a fair trial. We
disagree.
{¶32} When a defendant alleges that remarks by the prosecutor during closing
argument denied him a fair trial, we consider “whether the remarks were improper and, if
so, whether they prejudicially affected substantial rights of the defendant.” State v. Smith
(1984), 14 Ohio St.3d 13, 14, citing United States v. Dorr (C.A. 5, 1981), 636 F.2d 117. 15
In so doing, we are mindful that while some latitude is afforded to the State in closing
arguments,
“[a] prosecutor is at liberty to prosecute with earnestness and vigor, striking hard blows, but may not strike foul ones. * * * The prosecutor is a servant of the law whose interest in a prosecution is not merely to emerge victorious but to see that justice shall be done. It is a prosecutor’s duty in closing arguments to avoid efforts to obtain a conviction by going beyond the evidence which is before the jury.” (Internal citations omitted.) Smith, 14 Ohio St.3d at 14.
Allegedly improper comments by the prosecutor are considered in the context of the whole trial,
and “[a]n improper comment does not affect a substantial right of the accused if it is clear
beyond a reasonable doubt that the jury would have found the defendant guilty even without the
improper comments.” Treesh, 90 Ohio St.3d at 464, citing Smith at 15.
{¶33} In this case, Cleland points to a single instance of alleged misconduct by
the prosecutor. Because the prosecutor’s statements followed close on the heels of a
statement by Cleland’s own attorney, it is important to consider them together.
“[BY DEFENSE COUNSEL:] Reasonable doubt. I believe you people will be able to do and come back with a verdict consistent with the evidence as you’ve determined in this case.
“As the prosecutor argues to you, I want you to think about some of the things that I brought up and see whether or not he can answer those questions because those questions must be answered by the State of Ohio because if you have doubt then by law, then by law you must vote not guilty.”
“***
“[BY THE STATE:] Folks, what [defense counsel] just said is clearly wrong. It’s not if you have doubt. That’s not the law and you’ll hear from Judge Kimbler in a few minutes it’s if you have a reasonable doubt, a doubt based on reason and common sense. So you should ask yourself * * * why did you just tell us something that’s wrong? * * * [H]ow can you stand in this court and say these things with a straight face[?] 16
The prosecutor, therefore, did go beyond responding to defense counsel’s statement to implying
dishonesty on his part. When a prosecutor accuses defense counsel of lying during closing
arguments, it is misconduct. State v. Sanders (2001), 92 Ohio St.3d 245, 270, citing State v.
Keenan (1993), 66 Ohio St.3d 402, 405-406.
{¶34} Although a strong curative instruction can mitigate the prejudicial effect of
the misconduct, Sanders at 270, no curative instruction was given in this case, and we
note that the trial record is confusing at this point. Defense counsel objected to the
prosecutor’s statement and a sidebar was had on the record. As the two lawyers argued
among themselves, the transcript reflects that the prosecuting attorney said, “You know
what, withdrawn. * * * Let him say what he wants to say.” In the presence of the jury,
the prosecutor then said, “All right, the objection’s withdrawn, Your Honor” and
continued his closing argument. Taking the transcript at face value, it appears that the
prosecutor withdrew the statement to which Cleland had objected and Cleland offered no
other objection. Neither, however, did the trial court instruct the jury to disregard the
prosecutor’s statement or offer any other instruction on the subject.
{¶35} Nonetheless, when viewed in the context of the entire trial, the prosecutor’s
single statement did not cause substantial prejudice to Cleland because it is clear beyond
a reasonable doubt that the jury would have found Cleland guilty regardless. See Treesh,
90 Ohio St.3d at 464. Cleland’s third assignment of error is overruled. 17
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR V
“THE TRIAL COURT ERRED BY IMPOSING CONSECUTIVE SENTENCES FOR DEFENDANT’S KIDNAPPING AND AGGRAVATED BURGLARY CONVICTIONS ON THE ONE HAND, AND THE AGGRAVATED MURDER CONVICTION [ON] THE OTHER HAND, WHERE THOSE KIDNAPPING AND AGGRAVATED BURGLARY OFFENSES WERE ALLIED OFFENSES OF SIMILAR IMPORT TO THE FIVE ALTERNATIVELY-CHARGED AGGRAVATED MURDER AND MURDER OFFENSES WHICH MERGED FOR PURPOSES OF SENTENCING PURSUANT TO R.C. 2941.25.”
{¶36} Cleland’s final assignment of error is that the trial court erred by sentencing
him for allied offenses of similar import. Specifically, he maintains that his convictions
for kidnapping and aggravated burglary should have merged into the remaining
conviction for purposes of sentencing.
{¶37} In State v. Johnson, 128 Ohio St.3d 153, 2010–Ohio–6314, the Ohio
Supreme Court held that “[w]hen determining whether two offenses are allied offenses of
similar import subject to merger under R.C. 2941.25, the conduct of the accused must be
considered.” Id. at syllabus. Since then, this Court has consistently remanded cases for
further proceedings in the trial court to apply Johnson for the first time. In light of our
precedent, it is therefore appropriate to remand this case so that the trial court can apply
Johnson in the first instance. Cleland’s third assignment of error is sustained.
III.
{¶38} Cleland’s first, second, third, and fourth assignments of error are overruled.
His fifth assignment of error is sustained. This matter is affirmed, in part, and reversed,
in part, and is remanded to the trial court for consideration of whether Cleland’s
convictions should merge for purposes of sentencing under Johnson. 18
Judgment affirmed in part, reversed in part, and cause remanded.
There were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
We order that a special mandate issue out of this Court, directing the Court of Common
Pleas, County of Medina, State of Ohio, to carry this judgment into execution. A certified copy
of this journal entry shall constitute the mandate, pursuant to App.R. 27.
Immediately upon the filing hereof, this document shall constitute the journal entry of
judgment, and it shall be file stamped by the Clerk of the Court of Appeals at which time the
period for review shall begin to run. App.R. 22(E). The Clerk of the Court of Appeals is
instructed to mail a notice of entry of this judgment to the parties and to make a notation of the
mailing in the docket, pursuant to App.R. 30.
Costs taxed equally to both parties.
DONNA J. CARR FOR THE COURT
BELFANCE, P. J. MOORE, J. CONCUR
APPEARANCES:
FRANK C. GASPER, Attorney at Law, for Appellant.
DEAN HOLMAN, Prosecuting Attorney, and MATTHEW KERN, Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, for Appellee.