[Cite as State v. Chavis, 2014-Ohio-727.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO SECOND APPELLATE DISTRICT MIAMI COUNTY
STATE OF OHIO : : Appellate Case No. 2013-CA-16 Plaintiff-Appellee : : Trial Court Case No. 12-CR-312 v. : : DEREK CHAVIS : (Criminal Appeal from : (Miami County Common Pleas Court) Defendant-Appellant : : ...........
OPINION
Rendered on the 28th day of February, 2014.
...........
EMILY E. SLUK, Atty. Reg. #0082621, Miami County Prosecutor’s Office, 201 West Main Street, Troy, Ohio 45373 Attorney for Plaintiff-Appellee
JESSICA R. MOSS, Atty. Reg. #0085437, 2233 Miamisburg Centerville Road, Dayton, Ohio 45459 Attorney for Defendant-Appellant
.............
FAIN, J.
{¶ 1} Defendant-appellant Derek Chavis appeals from his conviction and sentence, 2
following his no-contest plea, to Failure to Give Notice of Change of Address or Registration of
New Address, in violation of R.C. 2950.05(A), a felony of the fifth degree. Chavis contends that
the trial court erred by overruling his motions to withdraw his plea, and to dismiss the indictment,
made after his plea had been tendered and accepted, but before he had been sentenced.
{¶ 2} Chavis predicates error upon his argument that when the advance notice
requirement for a change of residence address was changed by statutory amendment from seven
days to twenty days, that violated the prohibition against retroactive laws contained in Article II,
Section 28 of the Ohio Constitution. Because his indictment charged him with the failure to
give notice of his change of residence address at least twenty days in advance of the change, he
contends that the indictment was defective, and should have been dismissed. Similarly, he
contends that because he was not aware that he could only have been charged with the failure to
give seven days advance notice, he had a defense to the charge, of which he was unaware when
he pled no contest.
{¶ 3} We conclude that the proposition of law upon which Chavis predicates error is
unsound. The change in the amount of advance notice required did not violate the constitutional
prohibition against retroactive laws. Accordingly, the judgment of the trial court is Affirmed.
I. The Course of Proceedings
{¶ 4} In 1998, Chavis was convicted of Attempted Sexual Battery, and was
determined to be a sexually oriented offender.
{¶ 5} In 2012, Chavis was charged by indictment with the failure to give at least twenty
days notice of a change of address or registration of a new address, with a prior conviction of the 3
same offense, a felony of the third degree. In early 2013, Chavis pled no contest to the failure to
give at least twenty days notice of his change of address or registration of a new address, but
without the allegation of a prior offense, making the offense to which he pled no contest a felony
of the fifth degree.
{¶ 6} Thereafter, but before he was sentenced, Chavis moved to withdraw his plea, and
also to dismiss the indictment. Both of these motions were predicated upon his argument that
the statutory amendment in the amount of advance notice required, from seven days to twenty
days, violated the prohibition against retroactive legislation contained in Article II, Section 28 of
the Ohio Constitution.
{¶ 7} The trial court, concluding that the change in the amount of advance notice
required did not violate the retroactive legislation prohibition, overruled both motions. Chavis
was sentenced to ten months in prison, and the trial court ordered Chavis to pay costs and
restitution. From his conviction and sentence, Chavis appeals, setting forth two assignments of
error:
THE TRIAL COURT ERRONEOUSLY REFUSED TO ALLOW
APPELLANT TO WITHDRAW HIS GUILTY [sic] PLEA.
THE TRIAL COURT ERRED BY NOT SUSTAINING APPELLANT’S
MOTION TO DISMISS THE INDICTMENT.
II. The 2002 Amendment to Megan’s Law Increasing the Advance
Notice Required for a Change of Residence Address Did Not Violate
the Ohio Constitutional Restriction Against Retroactive Legislation [Cite as State v. Chavis, 2014-Ohio-727.] {¶ 8} Both of Chavis’s assignments of error are predicated upon his contention that the
increase in the amount of advance notice required for a change of residence address mandated by
a 2002 amendment to R.C. Chapter 2950, the sexual offender classification, registration, notice,
and notification requirements, violates the Ohio constitutional restriction against retroactive laws.
Because he was not aware that the increase in the amount of advance notice from seven days to
twenty days was not constitutional, Chavis argues that he was unaware of a potential defense to
the charge that he would have had if he had been properly charged with the failure to give seven
days advance notice of his new address. As a result, Chavis argues, his no-contest plea was not
knowing and intelligent.
{¶ 9} Similarly, Chavis argues that the indictment is defective, since it charges him
with the failure to give twenty days advance notice, which, he argues, is not an offense.
{¶ 10} We disagree with the legal premise underlying Chavis’s arguments.
{¶ 11} Chavis cites State v. Williams, 129 Ohio St.3d 344, 2011-Ohio-3374, 952 N.E.2d
1108. But that case does not support his proposition. Williams cited previous Ohio Supreme
Court jurisprudence that had upheld previous amendments to R.C. Chapter 2950 against claims
that those amendments had violated Article II, Section 28 of the Ohio Constitution. Williams
did not overrule any of those prior cases, holding only that as a result of the latest change, enacted
by 2007 Am.Sub.S.B. 10, effective January 1, 2008, R.C. Chapter 2950 could no longer be held
to be purely remedial. Id. at ¶ 16-21. In reaching this conclusion, the Supreme Court of Ohio
observed:
No one change compels our conclusion that S.B. 10 is punitive. It is a
matter of degree whether a statute is so punitive that its retroactive application is
unconstitutional. [Citation omitted.] When we consider all the changes enacted 5
by S.B. 10 in aggregate, we conclude that imposing the current registration
requirements on a sex offender whose crime was committed prior to the enactment
of S.B. 10 is punitive. Accordingly, we conclude that S.B. 10, as applied to
defendants who committed sex offenses prior to its enactment, violates Section 28,
Article II of the Ohio Constitution, which prohibits the General Assembly from
passing retroactive laws. Id. at ¶ 21 (Emphasis added).
{¶ 12} In concluding that S.B. 10, enacted in 2007, effective January 1, 2008, violated
the retroactive laws prohibition, the Supreme Court noted that the adverse consequences of being
classified as a sex offender were no longer being imposed based upon a trial court’s
determination of the future danger posed by the offender, but were being imposed as a direct
consequence of being convicted of certain specified offenses, much like any other punitive
sanction.
{¶ 13} One of the Supreme Court’s prior cases cited in, and not overruled by, Williams
is State v. Ferguson, 120 Ohio St.3d 7, 2008-Ohio-4824, 896 N.E.2d 110. Ferguson specifically
upheld Am.Sub.S.B. 5, 150 Ohio Laws, Part IV, 6558, enacted in 2003, against the contention
that it violated the constitutional prohibition against retroactive laws. Id. at ¶ 40.
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[Cite as State v. Chavis, 2014-Ohio-727.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO SECOND APPELLATE DISTRICT MIAMI COUNTY
STATE OF OHIO : : Appellate Case No. 2013-CA-16 Plaintiff-Appellee : : Trial Court Case No. 12-CR-312 v. : : DEREK CHAVIS : (Criminal Appeal from : (Miami County Common Pleas Court) Defendant-Appellant : : ...........
OPINION
Rendered on the 28th day of February, 2014.
...........
EMILY E. SLUK, Atty. Reg. #0082621, Miami County Prosecutor’s Office, 201 West Main Street, Troy, Ohio 45373 Attorney for Plaintiff-Appellee
JESSICA R. MOSS, Atty. Reg. #0085437, 2233 Miamisburg Centerville Road, Dayton, Ohio 45459 Attorney for Defendant-Appellant
.............
FAIN, J.
{¶ 1} Defendant-appellant Derek Chavis appeals from his conviction and sentence, 2
following his no-contest plea, to Failure to Give Notice of Change of Address or Registration of
New Address, in violation of R.C. 2950.05(A), a felony of the fifth degree. Chavis contends that
the trial court erred by overruling his motions to withdraw his plea, and to dismiss the indictment,
made after his plea had been tendered and accepted, but before he had been sentenced.
{¶ 2} Chavis predicates error upon his argument that when the advance notice
requirement for a change of residence address was changed by statutory amendment from seven
days to twenty days, that violated the prohibition against retroactive laws contained in Article II,
Section 28 of the Ohio Constitution. Because his indictment charged him with the failure to
give notice of his change of residence address at least twenty days in advance of the change, he
contends that the indictment was defective, and should have been dismissed. Similarly, he
contends that because he was not aware that he could only have been charged with the failure to
give seven days advance notice, he had a defense to the charge, of which he was unaware when
he pled no contest.
{¶ 3} We conclude that the proposition of law upon which Chavis predicates error is
unsound. The change in the amount of advance notice required did not violate the constitutional
prohibition against retroactive laws. Accordingly, the judgment of the trial court is Affirmed.
I. The Course of Proceedings
{¶ 4} In 1998, Chavis was convicted of Attempted Sexual Battery, and was
determined to be a sexually oriented offender.
{¶ 5} In 2012, Chavis was charged by indictment with the failure to give at least twenty
days notice of a change of address or registration of a new address, with a prior conviction of the 3
same offense, a felony of the third degree. In early 2013, Chavis pled no contest to the failure to
give at least twenty days notice of his change of address or registration of a new address, but
without the allegation of a prior offense, making the offense to which he pled no contest a felony
of the fifth degree.
{¶ 6} Thereafter, but before he was sentenced, Chavis moved to withdraw his plea, and
also to dismiss the indictment. Both of these motions were predicated upon his argument that
the statutory amendment in the amount of advance notice required, from seven days to twenty
days, violated the prohibition against retroactive legislation contained in Article II, Section 28 of
the Ohio Constitution.
{¶ 7} The trial court, concluding that the change in the amount of advance notice
required did not violate the retroactive legislation prohibition, overruled both motions. Chavis
was sentenced to ten months in prison, and the trial court ordered Chavis to pay costs and
restitution. From his conviction and sentence, Chavis appeals, setting forth two assignments of
error:
THE TRIAL COURT ERRONEOUSLY REFUSED TO ALLOW
APPELLANT TO WITHDRAW HIS GUILTY [sic] PLEA.
THE TRIAL COURT ERRED BY NOT SUSTAINING APPELLANT’S
MOTION TO DISMISS THE INDICTMENT.
II. The 2002 Amendment to Megan’s Law Increasing the Advance
Notice Required for a Change of Residence Address Did Not Violate
the Ohio Constitutional Restriction Against Retroactive Legislation [Cite as State v. Chavis, 2014-Ohio-727.] {¶ 8} Both of Chavis’s assignments of error are predicated upon his contention that the
increase in the amount of advance notice required for a change of residence address mandated by
a 2002 amendment to R.C. Chapter 2950, the sexual offender classification, registration, notice,
and notification requirements, violates the Ohio constitutional restriction against retroactive laws.
Because he was not aware that the increase in the amount of advance notice from seven days to
twenty days was not constitutional, Chavis argues that he was unaware of a potential defense to
the charge that he would have had if he had been properly charged with the failure to give seven
days advance notice of his new address. As a result, Chavis argues, his no-contest plea was not
knowing and intelligent.
{¶ 9} Similarly, Chavis argues that the indictment is defective, since it charges him
with the failure to give twenty days advance notice, which, he argues, is not an offense.
{¶ 10} We disagree with the legal premise underlying Chavis’s arguments.
{¶ 11} Chavis cites State v. Williams, 129 Ohio St.3d 344, 2011-Ohio-3374, 952 N.E.2d
1108. But that case does not support his proposition. Williams cited previous Ohio Supreme
Court jurisprudence that had upheld previous amendments to R.C. Chapter 2950 against claims
that those amendments had violated Article II, Section 28 of the Ohio Constitution. Williams
did not overrule any of those prior cases, holding only that as a result of the latest change, enacted
by 2007 Am.Sub.S.B. 10, effective January 1, 2008, R.C. Chapter 2950 could no longer be held
to be purely remedial. Id. at ¶ 16-21. In reaching this conclusion, the Supreme Court of Ohio
observed:
No one change compels our conclusion that S.B. 10 is punitive. It is a
matter of degree whether a statute is so punitive that its retroactive application is
unconstitutional. [Citation omitted.] When we consider all the changes enacted 5
by S.B. 10 in aggregate, we conclude that imposing the current registration
requirements on a sex offender whose crime was committed prior to the enactment
of S.B. 10 is punitive. Accordingly, we conclude that S.B. 10, as applied to
defendants who committed sex offenses prior to its enactment, violates Section 28,
Article II of the Ohio Constitution, which prohibits the General Assembly from
passing retroactive laws. Id. at ¶ 21 (Emphasis added).
{¶ 12} In concluding that S.B. 10, enacted in 2007, effective January 1, 2008, violated
the retroactive laws prohibition, the Supreme Court noted that the adverse consequences of being
classified as a sex offender were no longer being imposed based upon a trial court’s
determination of the future danger posed by the offender, but were being imposed as a direct
consequence of being convicted of certain specified offenses, much like any other punitive
sanction.
{¶ 13} One of the Supreme Court’s prior cases cited in, and not overruled by, Williams
is State v. Ferguson, 120 Ohio St.3d 7, 2008-Ohio-4824, 896 N.E.2d 110. Ferguson specifically
upheld Am.Sub.S.B. 5, 150 Ohio Laws, Part IV, 6558, enacted in 2003, against the contention
that it violated the constitutional prohibition against retroactive laws. Id. at ¶ 40. In reaching
this conclusion, Ferguson held that as amended by changes more profound than the 2002 change
in the amount of advance notice required for a new address, the sex offender classification,
registration, notice, and notification requirements in R.C. Chapter 2950 were still remedial, not
punitive. Id. at ¶ 33-39.
{¶ 14} It was only after the even more profound changes in the 2007 amendments that
the Supreme Court of Ohio held that the sex offender classification, registration, notice, and 6
notification requirements in R.C. Chapter 2950 had crossed the threshold from remedial to
punitive legislation, thereby triggering the constitutional restriction against retroactive laws.
Williams, supra. The version of R.C. Chapter 2950 applied to Chavis precedes the version of
the statute held in Williams to have been no longer remedial, but punitive. Therefore, the 2002
amendment changing the amount of advance notice required for a new residential address was
not subject to the constitutional prohibition against retroactive laws.
{¶ 15} Thus, the indictment charging Chavis with the failure to give twenty days
advance notice of his new residence was not defective. And in arguing his motion to withdraw
his plea, Chavis noted that although he believed he had evidence that he had provided notice
within seven days, “[w]hen it was twenty days he felt he did not have that evidence. That’s why
we filed the motion to withdraw his plea.”
{¶ 16} Both of Chavis’s assignments of error are overruled.
III. Conclusion
{¶ 17} Both of Chavis’s assignments of error having been overruled, the judgment of the
trial court is Affirmed.
DONOVAN and WELBAUM, JJ., concur.
Copies mailed to:
Emily E. Sluk Jessica R. Moss Hon. Robert J. Lindeman