[Cite as State v. Ceron, 2014-Ohio-5691.]
Court of Appeals of Ohio EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA
JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION No. 101260
STATE OF OHIO
PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE
vs.
MAURICIO CERON
DEFENDANT-APPELLANT
JUDGMENT: AFFIRMED
Civil Appeal from the Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas Case No. CR-12-566692-A
BEFORE: Stewart, J., Jones, P.J., and Keough, J.
RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: December 24, 2014 ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT
Terry H. Gilbert Friedman & Gilbert 55 Public Square, Suite 1055 Cleveland, OH 44113
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
Timothy J. McGinty Cuyahoga County Prosecutor
BY: Daniel T. Van Assistant County Prosecutor The Justice Center 1200 Ontario Street, 8th Floor Cleveland, OH 44113 MELODY J. STEWART, J.:
{¶1} Petitioner-appellant Mauricio Ceron requested that this appeal be placed on this
court’s accelerated calendar pursuant to App.R. 11.1 and Loc.R. 11.1. By doing so, he has
agreed that we may render a decision in “brief and conclusionary form” consistent with App.R.
11.1(E).
{¶2} A jury found Ceron guilty of rape, kidnapping, and gross sexual imposition on
evidence that he digitially penetrated his victim who was five years old at the time of the offense,
and six years old at the time of trial. This court affirmed the conviction on direct appeal. State
v. Ceron, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 99388, 2013-Ohio-5241. Ceron filed a petition for
postconviction relief in which he challenged the effectiveness of defense counsel at trial alleging
three grounds: counsel failed to adequately challenge the victim’s competency to testify at trial;
counsel failed to raise evidence that would have challenged the credibility of the victim and
impeached other prosecution witnesses; and counsel failed to offer a defense expert to counter or
challenge DNA evidence. The court rejected all three grounds without a hearing, finding that
questions intended to impeach the victim were barred by the rape shield statute and that other
decisions by counsel were matters of strategy that the court would not question.
{¶3} In four assignments of error, Ceron argues that the trial court erred by: 1) failing
to conduct a hearing; 2) applying Ohio’s Rape Shield statute to certain evidence; 3) failing to rule
on challenges to DNA evidence; and 4) finding that Ceron did not receive ineffective assistance
of counsel. We will address the assigned errors out of order for ease of discussion.
I {¶4} The court did not err by refusing to grant a new trial on grounds that defense
counsel performed ineffectively during the competency hearing for the six-year-old
witness/victim. Some of Ceron’s complaints were so general in nature that they fall within the
broad realm of strategic decisions; for example, that defense counsel did not further question the
victim after she admitted that she has lied before and sometimes finds it fun to do so. See State
v. Clayton, 62 Ohio St.2d 45, 49, 402 N.E.2d 1189 (1980). The “lie” that the victim referred to
was telling her parents that she cleaned her room when she did not. Although she claimed that
she was not punished if she told a lie, she later admitted that she had been punished by her
parents for not telling the truth in another situation. That statement would have supported the
court’s conclusion that the victim could, at the time of the competency hearing, understand that
not telling the truth had consequences.
{¶5} Ceron’s more forceful argument is that defense counsel should have questioned
the victim in a pretrial competency voir dire regarding what he claims was a false accusation,
made before trial, in which the victim said she saw her mother kissing her aunt’s boyfriend. The
aunt filed an affidavit claiming that she told Ceron’s attorneys prior to trial that the victim lied
about the accusation and admitted making that story up because she wanted to see if her aunt
“got jealous.” One specific instance of the victim telling a lie was not probative of her ability to
understand the need to tell the truth in trial testimony, at least insofar as the court was
determining the victim’s competency to be a witness. In addition, the court made it clear to the
parties that it did not wish to “get into the testimony here today. I just want to ask if [the victim]
is competent to testify.” Tr. 27. Defense counsel did not violate any essential duties by
obeying the court’s directive and choosing not to engage in specific instances of impeachment
during a competency voir dire. II
{¶6} Ceron next argues that defense counsel was ineffective for failing to raise the
false-accusation issue during cross-examination of the victim, choosing instead to raise it during
questioning of the aunt (the court apparently disallowed that line of questioning under Evid.R.
608(B)). Although Ceron could have questioned the victim directly about the aunt’s allegations,
defense counsel may have been reticent to do so. Jurors could easily be put off by aggressive
questioning of the child victim of a sexual assault, so defense counsel must necessarily make the
strategic decision on how to proceed. See State v. Hampu, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 70076, 1996
Ohio App. LEXIS 5747, *6 (Dec. 19, 1996). In reaching this conclusion, we reject Ceron’s
assertion that defense counsel appeared unaware that he could directly ask the victim about the
aunt’s allegations. Not only does that assertion have no basis in the record, it ignores the reality
that defense counsel may have been aware that aggressive questioning about an incident that the
child may not even recall would come across to the jury as bullying the child witness.
{¶7} In addition to the allegation that the victim lied about seeing her mother kissing
the aunt’s boyfriend, the aunt alleged in her affidavit that the victim had “exhibited knowledge of
sexual activity in front of me on a number of occasions. She behaves in ways that are not
normal for such a young child.” This allegation was supported by affidavits from two other
relatives who, collectively claimed to see the victim “dirty dancing,” said that the victim “is
familiar with oral sex,” “would ask at times if a man ‘has a big pee-pee,’” and was allowed to
carry tampons and a “vibrating massager that fits over a finger.” Ceron argues that this
evidence, which he characterizes as demonstrating that the victim is “sexually precocious,”
showed that she was not innocent about sexual matters. He maintains that defense counsel
should have questioned her on these points to dull the sharp edge of her “harrowing” testimony of sexual assault and that the court erred by rejecting them on grounds that they would have been
barred under R.C. 2907.02(D), the Rape Shield Statute.
{¶8} As relevant to this appeal, R.C. 2907.02(D) applies to “[e]vidence of specific
instances of the victim’s sexual activity[.]” Nothing in the affidavits alleged any “sexual
activity” by the victim as defined by R.C. 2907.01(C) (“‘[s]exual activity’ means sexual conduct
or sexual contact, or both”), so the court erred by finding the allegations barred by the Rape
Shield Statute.
{¶9} Nevertheless, the court also found that Ceron offered the allegations by the
relatives for the sole purpose of “impugning the credibility and character of the victim * * *.”
Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI
[Cite as State v. Ceron, 2014-Ohio-5691.]
Court of Appeals of Ohio EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA
JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION No. 101260
STATE OF OHIO
PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE
vs.
MAURICIO CERON
DEFENDANT-APPELLANT
JUDGMENT: AFFIRMED
Civil Appeal from the Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas Case No. CR-12-566692-A
BEFORE: Stewart, J., Jones, P.J., and Keough, J.
RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: December 24, 2014 ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT
Terry H. Gilbert Friedman & Gilbert 55 Public Square, Suite 1055 Cleveland, OH 44113
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
Timothy J. McGinty Cuyahoga County Prosecutor
BY: Daniel T. Van Assistant County Prosecutor The Justice Center 1200 Ontario Street, 8th Floor Cleveland, OH 44113 MELODY J. STEWART, J.:
{¶1} Petitioner-appellant Mauricio Ceron requested that this appeal be placed on this
court’s accelerated calendar pursuant to App.R. 11.1 and Loc.R. 11.1. By doing so, he has
agreed that we may render a decision in “brief and conclusionary form” consistent with App.R.
11.1(E).
{¶2} A jury found Ceron guilty of rape, kidnapping, and gross sexual imposition on
evidence that he digitially penetrated his victim who was five years old at the time of the offense,
and six years old at the time of trial. This court affirmed the conviction on direct appeal. State
v. Ceron, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 99388, 2013-Ohio-5241. Ceron filed a petition for
postconviction relief in which he challenged the effectiveness of defense counsel at trial alleging
three grounds: counsel failed to adequately challenge the victim’s competency to testify at trial;
counsel failed to raise evidence that would have challenged the credibility of the victim and
impeached other prosecution witnesses; and counsel failed to offer a defense expert to counter or
challenge DNA evidence. The court rejected all three grounds without a hearing, finding that
questions intended to impeach the victim were barred by the rape shield statute and that other
decisions by counsel were matters of strategy that the court would not question.
{¶3} In four assignments of error, Ceron argues that the trial court erred by: 1) failing
to conduct a hearing; 2) applying Ohio’s Rape Shield statute to certain evidence; 3) failing to rule
on challenges to DNA evidence; and 4) finding that Ceron did not receive ineffective assistance
of counsel. We will address the assigned errors out of order for ease of discussion.
I {¶4} The court did not err by refusing to grant a new trial on grounds that defense
counsel performed ineffectively during the competency hearing for the six-year-old
witness/victim. Some of Ceron’s complaints were so general in nature that they fall within the
broad realm of strategic decisions; for example, that defense counsel did not further question the
victim after she admitted that she has lied before and sometimes finds it fun to do so. See State
v. Clayton, 62 Ohio St.2d 45, 49, 402 N.E.2d 1189 (1980). The “lie” that the victim referred to
was telling her parents that she cleaned her room when she did not. Although she claimed that
she was not punished if she told a lie, she later admitted that she had been punished by her
parents for not telling the truth in another situation. That statement would have supported the
court’s conclusion that the victim could, at the time of the competency hearing, understand that
not telling the truth had consequences.
{¶5} Ceron’s more forceful argument is that defense counsel should have questioned
the victim in a pretrial competency voir dire regarding what he claims was a false accusation,
made before trial, in which the victim said she saw her mother kissing her aunt’s boyfriend. The
aunt filed an affidavit claiming that she told Ceron’s attorneys prior to trial that the victim lied
about the accusation and admitted making that story up because she wanted to see if her aunt
“got jealous.” One specific instance of the victim telling a lie was not probative of her ability to
understand the need to tell the truth in trial testimony, at least insofar as the court was
determining the victim’s competency to be a witness. In addition, the court made it clear to the
parties that it did not wish to “get into the testimony here today. I just want to ask if [the victim]
is competent to testify.” Tr. 27. Defense counsel did not violate any essential duties by
obeying the court’s directive and choosing not to engage in specific instances of impeachment
during a competency voir dire. II
{¶6} Ceron next argues that defense counsel was ineffective for failing to raise the
false-accusation issue during cross-examination of the victim, choosing instead to raise it during
questioning of the aunt (the court apparently disallowed that line of questioning under Evid.R.
608(B)). Although Ceron could have questioned the victim directly about the aunt’s allegations,
defense counsel may have been reticent to do so. Jurors could easily be put off by aggressive
questioning of the child victim of a sexual assault, so defense counsel must necessarily make the
strategic decision on how to proceed. See State v. Hampu, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 70076, 1996
Ohio App. LEXIS 5747, *6 (Dec. 19, 1996). In reaching this conclusion, we reject Ceron’s
assertion that defense counsel appeared unaware that he could directly ask the victim about the
aunt’s allegations. Not only does that assertion have no basis in the record, it ignores the reality
that defense counsel may have been aware that aggressive questioning about an incident that the
child may not even recall would come across to the jury as bullying the child witness.
{¶7} In addition to the allegation that the victim lied about seeing her mother kissing
the aunt’s boyfriend, the aunt alleged in her affidavit that the victim had “exhibited knowledge of
sexual activity in front of me on a number of occasions. She behaves in ways that are not
normal for such a young child.” This allegation was supported by affidavits from two other
relatives who, collectively claimed to see the victim “dirty dancing,” said that the victim “is
familiar with oral sex,” “would ask at times if a man ‘has a big pee-pee,’” and was allowed to
carry tampons and a “vibrating massager that fits over a finger.” Ceron argues that this
evidence, which he characterizes as demonstrating that the victim is “sexually precocious,”
showed that she was not innocent about sexual matters. He maintains that defense counsel
should have questioned her on these points to dull the sharp edge of her “harrowing” testimony of sexual assault and that the court erred by rejecting them on grounds that they would have been
barred under R.C. 2907.02(D), the Rape Shield Statute.
{¶8} As relevant to this appeal, R.C. 2907.02(D) applies to “[e]vidence of specific
instances of the victim’s sexual activity[.]” Nothing in the affidavits alleged any “sexual
activity” by the victim as defined by R.C. 2907.01(C) (“‘[s]exual activity’ means sexual conduct
or sexual contact, or both”), so the court erred by finding the allegations barred by the Rape
Shield Statute.
{¶9} Nevertheless, the court also found that Ceron offered the allegations by the
relatives for the sole purpose of “impugning the credibility and character of the victim * * *.”
As with instances of the victim lying, defense counsel may well have been reluctant to air such
lurid accusations about a six-year-old child and risk a backlash from the jury. Again, this falls
within the broad category of strategic decisions that cannot be second-guessed on appeal.
III
{¶10} The final set of arguments offered by Ceron in support of his petition for
postconviction relief are that defense counsel failed to engage in a competent cross-examination
of the state’s DNA expert and failed to offer a defense expert to undercut the state’s “weak”
DNA evidence.
{¶11} All of the points Ceron now raises as grounds for finding counsel ineffective could
have been raised on direct appeal, so they are res judicata. State v. Perry, 10 Ohio St.2d 175,
226 N.E.2d 104 (1967), paragraph nine of the syllabus. The affidavit of an expert in DNA
testing, appended to the petition for postconviction relief, consistently characterizes the state’s
DNA expert as giving “misleading” answers in response to questions about whether Ceron’s
DNA was found in the victim. In addition, Ceron’s expert claims that the state’s expert gave testimony that contradicted her own testing conclusions. These faults, as attested to by Ceron’s
expert, could have been brought out on cross-examination, and should have been raised on
appeal (“the defense did not raise any proper issues in their cross-examination and prosecutor
misled the [jury] by his improper questions, during Direct and Re-direct.”) Tahir Aff. at 2.
IV
{¶12} A petition for postconviction relief may be dismissed without a hearing when the
petitioner fails to set forth sufficient grounds for relief or the operation of the doctrine of res
judicata bars the constitutional claims raised. State v. Calhoun, 86 Ohio St.3d 279, 282, 714
N.E.2d 905 (1999), paragraph two of the syllabus. Because Ceron’s arguments in support of his
petition for postconviction relief failed to overcome the presumption that defense counsel
employed sound trial strategy, we find the court did not err by failing to hold a hearing.
{¶13} Judgment affirmed.
It is ordered that appellee recover of appellant its costs herein taxed.
The court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
It is ordered that a special mandate issue out of this court directing the Cuyahoga County
Court of Common Pleas to carry this judgment into execution. A certified copy of this entry
shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule 27 of the Rules of Appellate Procedure.
MELODY J. STEWART, JUDGE
KATHLEEN ANN KEOUGH, J., CONCURS; LARRY A. JONES, SR., P.J., DISSENTS (WITH SEPARATE OPINION ATTACHED)
LARRY A. JONES, SR., P.J.: {¶14} I dissented in the decision relating to the direct appeal in this case and stated that I
would have reversed and remanded for a new trial because, in my view, the admission of
improper other-acts evidence was not harmless error. State v. Ceron, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No.
99388, 2013-Ohio-5241, ¶ 126-130 (Jones, J., dissenting). In light of that dissent, I again
dissent in this appeal and continue to maintain my position that the admission of improper
other-acts evidence was not harmless error.