State v. Cemino

2011 Ohio 5690

• Court: Ohio Court of Appeals
• Decided: November 4, 2011
• Docket: 24442
• Status: Published

Opinion

[Cite as State v. Cemino, 2011-Ohio-5690.]

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS FOR MONTGOMERY COUNTY, OHIO

STATE OF OHIO :

Plaintiff-Appellee : C.A. CASE NO. 24442

v. : T.C. NO. 10CR2336

MICHAEL J. CEMINO : (Criminal appeal from Common Pleas Court) Defendant-Appellant :

:

..........

OPINION

Rendered on the 4th day of November , 2011.

JOHNNA M. SHIA, Atty. Reg. No. 0067685, Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, 301 W. Third Street, 5th Floor, Dayton, Ohio 45422 Attorney for Plaintiff-Appellee

JOSE M. LOPEZ, Atty. Reg. No. 0019580, 18 East Water Street, Troy, Ohio 45373

Attorney for Defendant-Appellant

FROELICH, J.

{¶ 1} On August 6, 2010, Defendant-appellant Michael Cemino was

indicted for felonious assault, kidnapping, and rape of his wife and one count of

kidnapping a child under the age of thirteen. Cemino pled guilty to felonious

assault, and the remaining counts were dismissed. The trial court sentenced 2

Cemino to six years in prison. Cemino appeals his sentence.

I

{¶ 2} Cemino’s First Assignment of Error:

{¶ 3} “THE TRIAL COURT ERRED AND ACTED CONTRARY TO LAW IN

ITS SENTENCING OF MICHAEL J. CEMINO AS IT FAILED TO PROPERLY

CONSIDER THE RECORD AND ALL MITIGATING FACTORS IN R.C. 2929.11

AND 2929.12.”

{¶ 4} In his first assignment of error, Cemino argues that the trial court

abused its discretion in imposing a six-year prison sentence without considering the

overriding purposes of felony sentencing set forth in R.C. 2929.11 or the

seriousness and recidivism factors enumerated in R.C. 2929.12. Specifically,

Cemino insists that the trial court abused its discretion by relying on evidence not in

the record in finding that the victim had suffered from vision and hearing loss, when

“the medical records reflected the victim suffered only facial contusions and no

other serious injuries.”

{¶ 5} In State v. Kalish, 120 Ohio St.3d 23, 2008-Ohio-4912, ¶13, the Ohio

Supreme Court set forth a two-step procedure for reviewing felony sentences.

First, “an appellate court must ensure that the trial court has adhered to all

applicable rules and statutes in imposing the sentence. As a purely legal question,

this is subject to review only to determine whether it is clearly and convincingly

contrary to law, the standard found in R.C. 2953.08(G). If on appeal the trial

court’s sentence is, for example, outside the permissible statutory range, the

sentence is clearly and convincingly contrary to law.” Id. at ¶¶14-15. “If this first 3

step is satisfied, the second step requires that the trial court’s decision be reviewed

under an abuse-of-discretion standard.” Id. An abuse of discretion means that

the trial court’s decision was unreasonable, arbitrary, or unconscionable.

Blakemore v. Blakemore (1983), 5 Ohio St.3d 217, 219. “[I]n the felony sentencing

context, ‘[a]n abuse of discretion can be found if the sentencing court unreasonably

or arbitrarily weighs the factors in R.C. 2929.11 and R .C. 2929.12.’” State v.

Hardin-Moore, Montgomery App. No. 24237, 2011-Ohio-4666, ¶14, quoting State v.

Jordan, Columbiana App. No. 09 CO 31, 2010-Ohio-3456, ¶12.

{¶ 6} “After [State v.] Foster, [109 Ohio St.3d 1, 2006-Ohio-856,] trial courts

are not required to make any findings or give reasons before imposing any

sentence within the authorized statutory range, including maximum, consecutive, or

more than minimum sentences, Foster, syllabus at ¶ 7. Courts, nevertheless, are

still required to comply with the sentencing laws unaffected by Foster, such as R.C.

2929.11 and 2929.12 which require consideration of the purposes and principles of

felony sentencing and the seriousness and recidivism factors. State v. Mathis, 109

Ohio St.3d 54, 846 N.E.2d 1, 2006–Ohio–855. However, a sentencing court does

not have to make any specific findings to demonstrate its consideration of those

general guidance statutes. Foster at ¶ 42; State v. Lewis, Greene App. No. 06 CA

119, 2007–Ohio–6607. And, where the record is silent, a presumption exits that

the trial court has considered the factors. State v. Adams (1988), 37 Ohio St.3d

295, 297, 525 N.E.2d 1361. Further, where a criminal sentence is within statutory

limits, an appellate court should accord the trial court the presumption that it

considered the statutory mitigating factors. State v. Taylor (1992), 76 Ohio App.3d 4

835, 839, 603 N.E.2d 401; State v. Crouse (1987), 39 Ohio App.3d 18, 20, 528

N.E.2d 1283. Consequently, the appellant has an affirmative duty to show

otherwise.” State v. Ramey, Clark App. No. 2010 CA 19, 2011-Ohio-1288, ¶47.

{¶ 7} Cemino was convicted of Felonious Assault, in violation of R.C.

2903.11(A)(1), a felony of the second degree, which carries a possible prison term

of two to eight years. R.C. 2929.14(A)(2). The trial court imposed a six-year

sentence, which falls within the prescribed statutory range.

{¶ 8} The trial court afforded defense counsel and the prosecutor an

opportunity to be heard, and the court allowed Cemino to make a statement before

imposing sentence. Although not required to do so, the trial court offered an

extensive explanation at the sentencing hearing for imposing a six-year sentence

on Cemino. The court explained, “You did something ugly, nasty, despicable and

disgusting to [your wife] * * * And you need to think about how disgusting your

behavior is.” The court read from the victim’s letter to the court, in which the victim

expressed her mental turmoil over her husband’s actions. Cemino’s wife explained

that she has vision and hearing loss, and scars in her throat, which the trial court

believed to be true in light of the nature of the beating Cemino inflicted upon his

wife. The court stated that Cemino’s behavior demonstrates that he is a man who

belongs in prison; he is “a man who does not know control.”

{¶ 9} The court also explained that Cemino’s actions demonstrate an

escalation in violence over time, stating “I find as a matter of law that his behavior

escalates in violence, beginning with the abduction of a little girl who was caught

before anything or - - or he was found out and he was caught before anything 5

happened and then we escalate and go into this terrible, terrible action that

occurred on that night.” Cemino had misdemeanor convictions for criminal

damaging and driving under the influence, and he had been released from prison

on an unrelated conviction for attempted abduction just the week before the

felonious assault.

{¶ 10} Cemino contends that the trial court abused its discretion by making a

factual error when the court found that the victim suffered from permanent vision

and hearing loss. Cemino made no explicit objection to his sentence, although he

did ask the trial court for an explanation of why it imposed a six-year sentence.

We will view this as sufficient to have preserved Cemino’s right to appeal his

sentence.

{¶ 11} In support of his claim that the trial court abused its discretion,

Cemino insists that the medical records from the night of the assault indicate that

the victim “had facial contusions and no other serious injuries.” However, as the

State points out, those were not the only medical records, nor were facial

contusions the only evidence of injury to the victim. There were photographs not

only of the facial contusions, but also of cuts to the victim’s mouth and the inside of

her throat, as well as cuts and bruises on her arm and other parts of her body.

Additionally, the victim exhibited swelling to both sides of her head and distorted

vision.

{¶ 12} Contrary to Cemino’s assertion, there was ample evidence from which

the trial court could reasonably conclude that the victim had suffered from vision 6

and hearing loss. Prior to imposing sentence, the trial court considered 1 the

December 1, 2010 victim impact statement and the victim’s November 9, 2010

letter to the court, both of which were included in the pre-sentence investigation

report, and both of which indicate that the victim suffered from vision and hearing

loss. A trial court may consider the contents of a pre-sentence investigation report

when imposing sentence. See, e.g., State v. Saunders, Greene App. No. 2009 CA

82, 2011-Ohio-391, ¶29, citations omitted.

{¶ 13} Furthermore, in imposing sentence a trial court may consider other

charges filed against a defendant that were dismissed as part of a plea agreement.

State v. Williams, Montgomery App. No. 19026, 2002-Ohio-2908, citing State v.

Wiles (1991), 59 Ohio St.3d 71, 78. In exchange for Cemino’s guilty plea to the

felonious assault charge, the State agreed to dismiss three additional felony

charges against Cemino: two counts of kidnapping and one count of rape.

{¶ 14} We conclude that Cemino’s sentence is not contrary to law and that

the trial court did not abuse its discretion in imposing a six-year sentence.

Cemino’s first assignment of error is overruled.

II

{¶ 15} Cemino’s Second Assignment of Error:

{¶ 16} “MICHAEL J. CEMINO’S SENTENCE WAS PREJUDICIALLY

INFLUENCED BY JUDICIAL HOSTILITY AND/OR BIAS TO THE POINT OF

VIOLATING HIS CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHT TO DUE PROCESS AND TO BE

1 The court quoted extensively from the letter sent by the victim. 7

FREE OF CRUEL AND UNUSUAL PUNISHMENT UNDER THE FIFTH, EIGHTH

AND FOURTEENTH AMENDMENTS OF THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION

AND ARTICLE I, SECTION 10 OF THE OHIO STATE CONSTITUTION.”

{¶ 17} Cemino concludes in his second assignment of error that since his

sentence was not supported by the record, it must have been “based merely upon

prejudice and bias” against him. “Judicial bias is defined as ‘a hostile feeling or

spirit of ill will or undue friendship or favoritism toward one of the litigants or his

attorney, with the formation of a fixed anticipatory judgment on the part of the judge,

as contradistinguished from an open state of mind which will be governed by the

law and facts.’” State v. Miller, Lucas App. No. L-08-1314, 2009-Ohio-3908, ¶20,

quoting State v. LaMar, 95 Ohio St.3d 181, 2002-Ohio-2128, ¶34. “A trial judge is

‘presumed not to be biased or prejudiced, and the party alleging bias or prejudice

must set forth evidence to overcome the presumption of integrity.’ Weiner v. Kwiat,

[Montgomery App.] No. 19289, 2003-Ohio-3409, ¶90, quoting Eller v. Wendy’s

Internatl., Inc. (2000), 142 Ohio App.3d 321, 340 * * *.” Id., at ¶21. “[T]he

appearance of bias or prejudice must be compelling to overcome these

presumptions.” In re Disqualification of George, 100 Ohio St.3d 1241,

2003-Ohio-5489, ¶5.

{¶ 18} As evidence of the trial court’s alleged bias, Cemino insists that “the

trial court not only scolded Appellant and his counsel in open court on a number of

occasions but, in addition, handed down an excessive sentence based upon

medical evidence unsupported by the record.” We have already concluded above

that Cemino’s sentence was not excessive and that the trial court’s finding that 8

Cemino’s wife had suffered from vision and hearing loss was supported by the

record.

{¶ 19} Cemino points to only two specific instances of so-called scolding.

When Cemino’s attorney asked why his client was being given more than a

minimum sentence, the court explained, “Your client doesn’t deserve the minimum

sentence. You - - he doesn’t - - you don’t need to raise your eyebrows. He’s

been sentenced to prison before. I know what that was about. And he would not

admit to what he did and what he did was awful.

{¶ 20} “Don’t shake your head. What you did was awful and I read that last

report. I read it. We lived through it. You wouldn’t admit to what you did. You

just got out of prison. You - - and then as soon as you get out of prison you do this

awful act. He does not need the minimum sentence. And I don’t have to impose

that based upon the kind of injuries that this lady suffered.”

{¶ 21} The trial court’s brief directives do not indicate either hostility toward

Cemino or favoritism toward the State; nor do they show that the trial court

“specifically verbalize[d] personal bias or prejudice.” Miller, supra, at ¶21, citation

omitted. The admonishments may have been intended to preserve for the record

what the trial court deemed to be the inappropriate actions of Cemino and his

attorney. The statements do not amount to compelling evidence of bias, and they

are insufficient to overcome the presumption of trial court integrity.

{¶ 22} Additionally, Cemino states “the trial court also acknowledged on the

record it had considered Appellant’s prior criminal offense in determining

Appellant’s sentence in this matter.” He implies that a trial court is not permitted to 9

consider a defendant’s criminal record when sentencing him on a new conviction.

To the contrary, as the trial court explained, a defendant’s criminal history is highly

relevant to the issue of his likelihood for future recidivism. R.C. 2929.12(D).

{¶ 23} In short, Cemino disagrees with the sentence that the trial court

imposed. However, a party’s disagreement or dissatisfaction with a trial court’s

ruling, without more, does not constitute bias or prejudice. In re Disqualification of

Aubry, 117 Ohio St.3d 1245, 2006-Ohio-7231, ¶9, citation omitted.

{¶ 24} Cemino’s second assignment of error is overruled.

III

{¶ 25} Having overruled both of Cemino’s assignments of error, we affirm the

judgment of the trial court.

FAIN, J. and DONOVAN, J., concur.

Copies mailed to:

Johnna M. Shia Jose M. Lopez Hon. Frances E. McGee