State v. Capps

461 So. 2d 562
CourtLouisiana Court of Appeal
DecidedDecember 12, 1984
DocketCR84-179
StatusPublished
Cited by4 cases

This text of 461 So. 2d 562 (State v. Capps) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Louisiana Court of Appeal primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
State v. Capps, 461 So. 2d 562 (La. Ct. App. 1984).

Opinion

461 So.2d 562 (1984)

STATE of Louisiana
v.
Ralph D. CAPPS.

No. CR84-179.

Court of Appeal of Louisiana, Third Circuit.

December 12, 1984.

*563 Paul J. DeMahy, St. Martinville, for defendant-appellant.

J. Phil Haney, Asst. Dist. Atty., New Iberia, for plaintiff-appellee.

Before DOMENGEAUX, GUIDRY and KNOLL, JJ.

DOMENGEAUX, Judge.

The defendant, Ralph D. Capps, was indicted and charged with aggravated rape, a violation of La.R.S. 14:42. After a trial on October 25, 1983, the twelve person jury returned a conviction for the lesser included offense of attempted forcible rape, a violation of La.R.S. 14:27[1], and La.R.S. 14:42.1.[2] On November 23, 1983, the trial *564 judge sentenced the defendant to serve 20 years at hard labor, with at least one year being without the benefit of probation, parole, or suspension of sentence.

On February 1, 1983, the victim, then a ten year old girl, was going door-to-door selling spices to raise money to purchase new science books for her school. The defendant, who was standing outside, indicated to the girl that his wife was in the house and would probably like to buy some spices. As the victim reached the door of the defendant's home, he grabbed her, pulling her inside the house and into the bedroom. Once inside, the defendant sat the young girl on his lap and removed her jacket. The child tried to get away from the defendant, but was prevented. The defendant then hit the girl about the face and choked her. He removed her jeans and panties and laid her on the floor. The defendant then laid on top of the ten year old, while continuing to strike and choke her. The victim's recollection from that point on is hazy, as she appears to have had some sort of blackout. However, it appears she remembers some form of the defendant's disrobing, either pulling down his pants or unzipping them prior to lying on top of her. After the following acts were committed, the victim put her clothes back on and begged the defendant to let her go. The defendant threatened the little girl not to tell anybody and gave her $5.00 to keep quiet. The girl, immediately upon leaving the defendant's house, ran to a friend's grandparent's house, where she related the traumatic occurrences. Witnesses testified that the girl's clothing were in disarray, her hair was messed up, and she was crying. There were also visible signs that the girl had been physically abused. The neighbor, at whose house the victim sought shelter, testified that the girl told her the same story she related at trial. Other corroborating evidence was the expert testimony. A criminalistics expert testified that substances observed on the panties of the little girl were male sperm. A medical doctor testified that his physical examination of the girl's vaginal area revealed abrasions on the left vulva wall. This was consistent with some penetration, even though not total. In the doctor's opinion the penetration was the result of a forceful attempt to insert the male organ.

The defendant was subsequently arrested, tried and convicted of attempted forcible rape. It is from this conviction and sentence that the defendant has, upon this appeal, perfected four assignments of error.[3]

By his first assignment of error defendant complains that the trial court erred in denying his challenge for cause of juror Elizabeth Miller. By his second assignment of error defendant claims his motion for a new trial should have been granted for the same reasons. We shall therefore discuss these two assignments of error simultaneously.

During the voir dire examination of potential jurors, defense counsel challenged for cause a juror named Elizabeth Miller on the grounds of her being an employee of the Henderson Police Department. The trial judge denied defendant's challenge. At the conclusion of the trial, the defendant brought a motion for a new trial based on various allegations, of which only one was argued before this Court. This was with respect to the seating of Elizabeth Miller.

Under the previous statutory mandate of the Louisiana Code of Criminal Procedure Article 800, a defendant was required to exhaust all of his peremptory challenges in order to challenge on appeal an improper denial of a challenge for cause. State v. Smith, 430 So.2d 31 (La.1983). However, in 1983 Article 800 was amended by the Legislature so as to eliminate the requirement that peremptory challenges be exhausted in order to test a denial on appeal. This amendment became effective August 30, 1983, thus making it applicable to this trial, which occurred on October 25, 1983.

*565 Another pertinent statute which has been amended is Louisiana Code of Criminal Procedure Article 799. Prior to August 30, 1983, this statute provided for either twelve or six peremptory challenges depending upon the punishment provided for the offense charged. Act 495 of 1983 amended this Article to reduce the amount of peremptory challenges for an offense punishable by death or necessarily by imprisonment at hard labor, from twelve down to eight.

In the instant case the defendant exercised all of his eight peremptory challenges. However, as earlier pointed out, the defendant need not exercise all of his peremptory challenges in order to contest, on appeal, a trial court's denial of a challenge for cause. The only requirement is that the defendant contemporaneously object, stating the grounds for his objection. La.C.Cr.P. Art. 800, as amended. The defendant stated the grounds for Elizabeth Miller's challenge for cause as being her employment by the Henderson Police Department. He also objected to the trial court's ruling denying his challenge. Having met the necessary procedural requirements, the issue of whether or not the denial was correct is properly reviewable by this Court.

The defendant relies heavily on State v. Simmons, 390 So.2d 1317 (La. 1980). In that case the Louisiana Supreme Court stated:

"An actively employed criminal deputy sheriff is not a competent criminal juror." Simmons, at 1318.

The defendant correctly points out that service on a criminal jury by one associated with law enforcement duties must be closely scrutinized and may justify a challenge for cause. State v. Winn, 412 So.2d 1337 (La.1982).

However, as argued by the State, the instant situation is factually distinguishable from Simmons, supra. In Simmons, the particular facts involved a Caddo Parish deputy sheriff who was actively involved in law enforcement making arrests, and acting as a State's witness on numerous occasions. The deputy was well acquainted with a majority of the employees at the District Attorney's Office. Also, in Simmons, the juror complained of knew of the State's witnesses who were to testify at the trial.

The facts of the instant case show that the potential juror, Elizabeth Miller, was employed by the Henderson Police Department as a dispatcher. The Judge pointed out that this was a considerable distance from the scene of the crime and that she had no connection with the crime or the members of the prosecution. Being employed in a village Police Department does not involve the same contacts as do the duties of a parish deputy sheriff. Elizabeth Miller stated that her basic duties included monitoring the radio, answering the phone, and dispatching police officers when necessary. She also indicated that she was responsible for the jail if anybody was in there. When questioned as to any bias or prejudice, Elizabeth Miller stated her position would not affect her decision in the case.

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Bluebook (online)
461 So. 2d 562, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/state-v-capps-lactapp-1984.