[Cite as State v. Canales, 2017-Ohio-8735.]
Court of Appeals of Ohio EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA
JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION No. 105514
STATE OF OHIO PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE
vs.
DARWIN CANALES DEFENDANT-APPELLANT
JUDGMENT: AFFIRMED AS MODIFIED
Criminal Appeal from the Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas Case No. CR-16-609359-A
BEFORE: McCormack, J., Kilbane, P.J., and Laster Mays, J.
RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: November 30, 2017 ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT
Steve W. Canfil 55 Public Square, Suite 2100 Cleveland, OH 44113
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
Michael C. O’Malley Cuyahoga County Prosecutor
By: Anna Woods Assistant County Prosecutor Justice Center, 9th Floor 1200 Ontario Street Cleveland, OH 44113 TIM McCORMACK, P.J.:
{¶1} Defendant-appellant Darwin Canales appeals from his conviction and order
of restitution following a guilty plea. For the reasons that follow, we affirm the conviction
and modify the order of restitution.
Procedural and Substantive History
{¶2} On August 20, 2016, Canales broke into the home of his ex-girlfriend, held
a knife to her throat, and threatened to kill her. The victim was able to call the police.
Canales left the scene in the victim’s car. Upon arriving at the scene, police transported
the victim to a safe location and proceeded to look for Canales.
{¶3} When the victim was still in a safe location, Canales returned to her home.
Police arrested him as he was fleeing from the home.
{¶4} On September 14, 2016, a grand jury indicted Canales on eight counts:
Counts 1 and 2 were for aggravated burglary, a felony of the first degree; Count 3 was for
aggravated robbery, a felony of the first degree; Count 4 was felonious assault, a felony of
the second degree; Count 5 was robbery, a felony of the second degree; Count 6 was
grand theft, a felony of the fourth degree; Count 7 was assault, a misdemeanor of the first
degree; and Count 8 was aggravated menacing, a misdemeanor of the first degree.
Counts 1 through 5 included notice of prior conviction and a repeat violent offender
specification. {¶5} On September 16, 2016, Canales was arraigned on these charges, entered
pleas of not guilty, and was appointed counsel. Canales subsequently retained an
attorney to represent him in this case.
{¶6} On December 6, 2016, the trial court held a plea hearing. The trial court
engaged in a plea colloquy with Canales, and Canales ultimately pleaded guilty to Counts
5 through 8. The trial court accepted the plea and stated that Canales was ordered to pay
restitution.
{¶7} On January 12, 2017, the trial court held a sentencing hearing. The court
heard from the prosecutor, who indicated that the damages to the victim’s car were
estimated at $1,993.39 and the damages to the victim’s house were estimated at $525.
The prosecutor stated that she had receipts for these amounts and approached the bench,
presumably to provide the court with the receipts.
{¶8} Canales’s counsel then addressed the court, and finally Canales addressed
the court and apologized to the victim and to the court.
{¶9} The trial court then terminated Canales’s probation in a separate case and
sentenced him to five years on count five, one year on count six, and six months on
counts seven and eight. The sentences were to run concurrent, for a total sentence of
five years with a mandatory three years of postrelease control. The court also ordered
restitution in the amount of $1,993 for the car and $553 for the door.
{¶10} Canales filed this delayed appeal challenging his conviction and order of
restitution. Guilty Plea
{¶11} In his first assignment of error, Canales maintains that his guilty plea was
not entered knowingly, intelligently, and voluntarily because the court failed to
adequately inform him of the consequences of his plea.
{¶12} The underlying purpose of Crim.R. 11(C) is to convey certain information to
a defendant so that he or she can make a voluntary and intelligent decision regarding
whether to plead guilty. State v. Ballard, 66 Ohio St.2d 473, 479-480, 423 N.E.2d 115
(1981). “The standard for reviewing whether the trial court accepted a plea in
compliance with Crim.R. 11(C) is a de novo standard of review.” State v. Cardwell, 8th
Dist. Cuyahoga No. 92796, 2009-Ohio-6827, ¶ 26, citing State v. Stewart, 51 Ohio St.2d
86, 364 N.E.2d 1163 (1977).
{¶13} In order to ensure that a defendant enters a plea knowingly, voluntarily, and
intelligently, a trial court must engage in an oral dialogue with the defendant in
accordance with Crim.R. 11(C). State v. Engle, 74 Ohio St.3d 525, 527, 660 N.E.2d 450
(1996). Crim.R. 11(C) outlines the trial court’s duties in accepting guilty pleas:
(2) In felony cases the court may refuse to accept a plea of guilty or a plea of no contest, and shall not accept a plea of guilty or no contest without first addressing the defendant personally and doing all of the following:
(a) Determining that the defendant is making the plea voluntarily, with understanding of the nature of the charges and of the maximum penalty involved, and if applicable, that the defendant is not eligible for probation or for the imposition of community control sanctions at the sentencing hearing. (b) Informing the defendant of and determining that the defendant understands the effect of the plea of guilty or no contest, and that the court, upon acceptance of the plea, may proceed with judgment and sentence.
(c) Informing the defendant and determining that the defendant
understands that by the plea the defendant is waiving the rights to
jury trial, to confront witnesses against him or her, to have
compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in the defendant’s favor,
and to require the state to prove the defendant’s guilt beyond a
reasonable doubt at a trial at which the defendant cannot be
compelled to testify against himself or herself.
{¶14} With respect to the nonconstitutional rights described in Crim.R. 11(C)(a),
such as the maximum penalty advisement, a substantial compliance standard applies.
Stewart at 92. A trial court’s slight deviation from the text of the rule is permissible
under this standard, so long as the totality of the circumstances indicates that “the
defendant subjectively understands the implications of his plea and the rights he is
waiving.” Id.
{¶15} After a thorough review of the plea hearing, we conclude that the trial court
fully complied with Crim.R. 11 in ensuring that Canales’s plea was knowing, intelligent,
and voluntary.
{¶16} Here, the record indicates the court conducted a full Crim.R. 11 hearing
before accepting Canales’s plea. The trial court explained the maximum penalties
involved in Count 5, recited all of the constitutional rights that Canales was waiving and ensured that he understood these rights, and then explained the maximum penalties
associated with Counts 6, 7, and 8.
{¶17} Canales emphasizes the order of the trial court’s advisements at the plea
hearing in an attempt to argue that the trial court did not substantially comply with
Crim.R. 11. Specifically, Canales asserts that it is problematic that the trial court’s
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[Cite as State v. Canales, 2017-Ohio-8735.]
Court of Appeals of Ohio EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA
JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION No. 105514
STATE OF OHIO PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE
vs.
DARWIN CANALES DEFENDANT-APPELLANT
JUDGMENT: AFFIRMED AS MODIFIED
Criminal Appeal from the Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas Case No. CR-16-609359-A
BEFORE: McCormack, J., Kilbane, P.J., and Laster Mays, J.
RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: November 30, 2017 ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT
Steve W. Canfil 55 Public Square, Suite 2100 Cleveland, OH 44113
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
Michael C. O’Malley Cuyahoga County Prosecutor
By: Anna Woods Assistant County Prosecutor Justice Center, 9th Floor 1200 Ontario Street Cleveland, OH 44113 TIM McCORMACK, P.J.:
{¶1} Defendant-appellant Darwin Canales appeals from his conviction and order
of restitution following a guilty plea. For the reasons that follow, we affirm the conviction
and modify the order of restitution.
Procedural and Substantive History
{¶2} On August 20, 2016, Canales broke into the home of his ex-girlfriend, held
a knife to her throat, and threatened to kill her. The victim was able to call the police.
Canales left the scene in the victim’s car. Upon arriving at the scene, police transported
the victim to a safe location and proceeded to look for Canales.
{¶3} When the victim was still in a safe location, Canales returned to her home.
Police arrested him as he was fleeing from the home.
{¶4} On September 14, 2016, a grand jury indicted Canales on eight counts:
Counts 1 and 2 were for aggravated burglary, a felony of the first degree; Count 3 was for
aggravated robbery, a felony of the first degree; Count 4 was felonious assault, a felony of
the second degree; Count 5 was robbery, a felony of the second degree; Count 6 was
grand theft, a felony of the fourth degree; Count 7 was assault, a misdemeanor of the first
degree; and Count 8 was aggravated menacing, a misdemeanor of the first degree.
Counts 1 through 5 included notice of prior conviction and a repeat violent offender
specification. {¶5} On September 16, 2016, Canales was arraigned on these charges, entered
pleas of not guilty, and was appointed counsel. Canales subsequently retained an
attorney to represent him in this case.
{¶6} On December 6, 2016, the trial court held a plea hearing. The trial court
engaged in a plea colloquy with Canales, and Canales ultimately pleaded guilty to Counts
5 through 8. The trial court accepted the plea and stated that Canales was ordered to pay
restitution.
{¶7} On January 12, 2017, the trial court held a sentencing hearing. The court
heard from the prosecutor, who indicated that the damages to the victim’s car were
estimated at $1,993.39 and the damages to the victim’s house were estimated at $525.
The prosecutor stated that she had receipts for these amounts and approached the bench,
presumably to provide the court with the receipts.
{¶8} Canales’s counsel then addressed the court, and finally Canales addressed
the court and apologized to the victim and to the court.
{¶9} The trial court then terminated Canales’s probation in a separate case and
sentenced him to five years on count five, one year on count six, and six months on
counts seven and eight. The sentences were to run concurrent, for a total sentence of
five years with a mandatory three years of postrelease control. The court also ordered
restitution in the amount of $1,993 for the car and $553 for the door.
{¶10} Canales filed this delayed appeal challenging his conviction and order of
restitution. Guilty Plea
{¶11} In his first assignment of error, Canales maintains that his guilty plea was
not entered knowingly, intelligently, and voluntarily because the court failed to
adequately inform him of the consequences of his plea.
{¶12} The underlying purpose of Crim.R. 11(C) is to convey certain information to
a defendant so that he or she can make a voluntary and intelligent decision regarding
whether to plead guilty. State v. Ballard, 66 Ohio St.2d 473, 479-480, 423 N.E.2d 115
(1981). “The standard for reviewing whether the trial court accepted a plea in
compliance with Crim.R. 11(C) is a de novo standard of review.” State v. Cardwell, 8th
Dist. Cuyahoga No. 92796, 2009-Ohio-6827, ¶ 26, citing State v. Stewart, 51 Ohio St.2d
86, 364 N.E.2d 1163 (1977).
{¶13} In order to ensure that a defendant enters a plea knowingly, voluntarily, and
intelligently, a trial court must engage in an oral dialogue with the defendant in
accordance with Crim.R. 11(C). State v. Engle, 74 Ohio St.3d 525, 527, 660 N.E.2d 450
(1996). Crim.R. 11(C) outlines the trial court’s duties in accepting guilty pleas:
(2) In felony cases the court may refuse to accept a plea of guilty or a plea of no contest, and shall not accept a plea of guilty or no contest without first addressing the defendant personally and doing all of the following:
(a) Determining that the defendant is making the plea voluntarily, with understanding of the nature of the charges and of the maximum penalty involved, and if applicable, that the defendant is not eligible for probation or for the imposition of community control sanctions at the sentencing hearing. (b) Informing the defendant of and determining that the defendant understands the effect of the plea of guilty or no contest, and that the court, upon acceptance of the plea, may proceed with judgment and sentence.
(c) Informing the defendant and determining that the defendant
understands that by the plea the defendant is waiving the rights to
jury trial, to confront witnesses against him or her, to have
compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in the defendant’s favor,
and to require the state to prove the defendant’s guilt beyond a
reasonable doubt at a trial at which the defendant cannot be
compelled to testify against himself or herself.
{¶14} With respect to the nonconstitutional rights described in Crim.R. 11(C)(a),
such as the maximum penalty advisement, a substantial compliance standard applies.
Stewart at 92. A trial court’s slight deviation from the text of the rule is permissible
under this standard, so long as the totality of the circumstances indicates that “the
defendant subjectively understands the implications of his plea and the rights he is
waiving.” Id.
{¶15} After a thorough review of the plea hearing, we conclude that the trial court
fully complied with Crim.R. 11 in ensuring that Canales’s plea was knowing, intelligent,
and voluntary.
{¶16} Here, the record indicates the court conducted a full Crim.R. 11 hearing
before accepting Canales’s plea. The trial court explained the maximum penalties
involved in Count 5, recited all of the constitutional rights that Canales was waiving and ensured that he understood these rights, and then explained the maximum penalties
associated with Counts 6, 7, and 8.
{¶17} Canales emphasizes the order of the trial court’s advisements at the plea
hearing in an attempt to argue that the trial court did not substantially comply with
Crim.R. 11. Specifically, Canales asserts that it is problematic that the trial court’s
explanation of the constitutional rights he would be waiving took place prior to its
explanation of the maximum penalties for three of the counts to which he pleaded guilty.
{¶18} The transcript shows that the structure of the Crim.R. 11 colloquy was not
intentional; the prosecutor needed to remind the trial court that Canales would be
pleading guilty to Counts 6, 7, and 8 in addition to Count 5. While the colloquy may not
have been a model of clarity, it satisfied the requirements of Crim.R. 11. The rule
requires the court to conduct a plea colloquy prior to accepting a defendant’s guilty plea,
but it does not mandate an order in which the court must address the requirements.
Here, the trial court informed Canales of the maximum penalties for all four counts to
which he pleaded guilty, and it ensured that he understood those penalties prior to
accepting his guilty plea.
{¶19} Accordingly, in light of Canales’s knowing, voluntary, and intelligent plea
agreement, his first assignment of error is overruled.
Restitution {¶20} In his second assignment of error, Canales argues that the trial court
committed plain error when it ordered an amount of restitution that is unsupported in the
record.
{¶21} Because Canales did not object to the restitution order at the plea hearing or
the amount of restitution ordered at sentencing, he waived all but plain error review.
State v. Jarrett, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 90404, 2008-Ohio-4868, ¶ 14, citing State v.
Marbury, 104 Ohio App.3d 179, 181, 661 N.E.2d 271 (8th Dist. 1995).
{¶22} Crim.R. 52(B) provides that: “plain errors or defects affecting substantial
rights may be noticed although they were not brought to the attention of the court.” We
invoke plain error only if we find exceptional circumstances in a case that require reversal
to prevent a manifest miscarriage of justice. State v. Landrum, 53 Ohio St.3d 107, 111,
559 N.E.2d 710 (1990), citing State v. Long, 53 Ohio St.2d 91, 97, 372 N.E.2d 804
(1978).
{¶23} Before imposing restitution upon a defendant, a trial court must engage in a
“due process ascertainment that the amount of restitution bears a reasonable relationship
to the loss suffered.” State v. McLaurin, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 103068, 2016-Ohio-933,
¶ 13, citing State v. Borders, 12th Dist. Clermont No. CA2004-12-101, 2005-Ohio-4339,
quoting Marbury at 181.
{¶24} In this case, the court ordered restitution in the amount of $1,993 for
damages to the victim’s car and $553 for damages to the door of the victim’s home. The
restitution amount for damages to the victim’s house is $28 greater than that reflected by the receipt in the record, and nowhere else in the record is this discrepancy explained.
Trial courts are expressly permitted to base restitution payments on “estimates or receipts
indicating the cost of repairing or replacing property.” R.C. 2929.18(A)(1). While
restitution may be based on an estimate, the rule further provides that “the amount the
court orders as restitution shall not exceed the amount of economic loss suffered by the
victim.” Because the record includes a receipt for a specific amount of economic loss,
the imposition of restitution in excess of that amount was in error. Accordingly, we
modify the restitution order to reflect $525 in damages for the home and remand for a
journal entry reflecting this modification.
{¶25} Judgment affirmed as modified and remanded for further proceedings
consistent with this opinion.
It is ordered that appellee recover of appellant costs herein taxed.
The court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
It is ordered that a special mandate issue out of this court directing the common
pleas court to carry this judgment into execution. Case remanded to the trial court for
execution of sentence. The trial court is hereby directed to vacate its prior sentencing
order journalized [date] and issue a journal entry consistent with this opinion. The trial
court is further directed to take all necessary administrative steps to inform the prison
system of appellant's modified sentence.
It is ordered that a special mandate issue out of this court directing the common
pleas court to carry this judgment into execution. The defendant’s conviction having been affirmed, any bail pending appeal is terminated. Case remanded to the trial court
for modification and execution of sentence.
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule 27 of
the Rules of Appellate Procedure.
________________________________________ TIM McCORMACK, JUDGE
MARY EILEEN KILBANE, P.J., and ANITA LASTER MAYS, J., CONCUR