State v. Byrd

596 S.E.2d 426, 266 Ga. App. 121, 2004 Fulton County D. Rep. 931, 2004 Ga. App. LEXIS 316
CourtCourt of Appeals of Georgia
DecidedMarch 4, 2004
DocketA04A0430
StatusPublished

This text of 596 S.E.2d 426 (State v. Byrd) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals of Georgia primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
State v. Byrd, 596 S.E.2d 426, 266 Ga. App. 121, 2004 Fulton County D. Rep. 931, 2004 Ga. App. LEXIS 316 (Ga. Ct. App. 2004).

Opinion

ELDRIDGE, Judge.

Coquitta Byrd was indicted for aggravated assault with a deadly weapon, which charge arose after Byrd allegedly stabbed a girl in the neck with a knife. The State appeals from both an order of the Superior Court of Fulton County granting Byrd’s motion to dismiss based on a violation of her constitutional right to a speedy trial and an order of that same court granting Byrd’s motion to suppress the identification testimony of the victim. Finding no basis in fact and law for either of the trial court’s judgments, we reverse.

Because the Sixth Amendment right to a speedy trial is “a constitutional right the deprivation of which can work to the advantage of the defendant, a trial court’s ruling on the subject must be carefully scrutinized.”1 In that regard, the record before us is small, and the transcript of the hearing on the motion to dismiss contains no evidence, only oral argument. This makes scrutiny difficult, but all the more important. What evidence of record there is shows that, after the stabbing incident in August 1999, a warrant was issued for Byrd’s arrest. Byrd turned herself in to the police a year later, August 29, 2000, and was arrested. She made bond two days later and has remained out on bond to the present. On December 22, 2000, four months after her arrest, Byrd was indicted.

Approximately two months later, on March 9, 2001, attorney Rodney Zell made an entry of appearance on Byrd’s behalf. The case was placed on a trial calendar for June 15, 2001. For an unknown cause, the case was reset. Zell then filed for a leave of absence that encompassed weeks in both July and August 2001. Thereafter, Zell moved to withdraw as Byrd’s counsel, which motion was granted by the court on September 20, 2001.

Daryl Queen with the Fulton County Conflict Defender’s office filed an entry of appearance on September 25, 2001. Two months later, on November 26, 2001, Queen filed an ex parte motion for a psychiatric examination, requesting that Byrd’s competence to stand trial be evaluated and contending that her mental condition would “be a significant fact at trial.” The court granted the motion on November 28, 2001. The results of that evaluation are not before us; however, Byrd’s case was placed on the January 3, 2002 calendar.

One week later, Susan Wardell with the Fulton County Conflict Defender’s Office replaced Queen and filed an entry of appearance. Byrd’s case was placed on the February 15, 2002 calendar. Wardell [122]*122prepared an order to secure Byrd’s psychiatric records from Grady Hospital, which order was signed by the trial court on January 28, 2002. In April 2002, Byrd’s case was placed on a calendar for June 13, 2002. The case was again reset. Finally, on November 21, 2002, Wardell filed a special “plea of incompetence to stand trial” pursuant to OCGA § 17-7-130; therein, she asserted that Byrd had been “unable to assist in the defense of her case.” That same day, Wardell filed the instant “motion to dismiss for violation of defendant’s right to speedy trial” in which she asserted that a demand for speedy trial had not been filed earlier because the defense “believ[ed] that the case would be better resolved through negotiation.”

Following oral argument, the trial court granted Byrd’s motion to dismiss. Based upon assertions made by counsel during oral argument, the court found that “defendant has established that, through delay, destruction of the crime scene, missing witnesses and prejudice to her case, she has established delay which violates her right to a speedy trial.” Held:

1. The seminal case for evaluating an alleged violation of a defendant’s constitutional right to a speedy trial is Barker v. Wingo.2 The issue is whether the trial court abused its discretion in balancing the four factors set forth in Barker v. Wingo, supra, which are: (1) the length of the delay; (2) the reason for the delay and whether this is attributable to the defendant or the State; (3) the timeliness of the defendant’s assertion of the right to a speedy trial; and (4) prejudice to the defendant.3 In this balancing process, it is axiomatic that delay of trial must have been caused by acts of the State; “if delay is attributable to the defendant, then his waiver [of the speedy trial right] may be given effect under standard waiver doctrine.”4

Before us is a transcript of the oral argument upon which the trial court relied in reaching its decision. To demonstrate that reliance on such argument was not an abuse of the court’s discretion, the factual assertions of counsel must be supported by evidence of record and the law must have been properly applied to these facts. So viewed, it appears Byrd asserted in oral argument that unconstitutional delay occurred between the incident date and her indictment on the offense, because Byrd “was indicted in December 2000. This happened in 8/27/99.” While this averment may be factually accurate, it provides no legal basis for finding a speedy trial violation. This is so because Byrd was not arrested on the offense until August 29, 2000, [123]*123and the speedy trial right does not attach before arrest.5 Thus, no delay of trial is demonstrated by the year between the incident date and Byrd’s August 29,2000 arrest.6 And, considering Byrd was out on bond, her subsequent indictment four months after arrest appears timely.

Byrd also claimed unconstitutional delay in the appointment of counsel; to the trial court she maintained, “nine months later [(after indictment)] she was first appointed counsel.” As a matter of fact, however, the record does not support this assertion; Byrd had legal representation approximately two months after indictment, when Rodney Zell filed his entry of appearance.

The transcript of oral argument further shows that Byrd’s remaining assertions did not address trial delay. Indeed, the preponderance of defense counsel’s oral argument went to the contention that Byrd’s prosecution is inherently unfair because she is innocent:

all these things don’t add up at all to my client----My client didn’t do this____And I believe she’s been severely prejudiced by the whole process, and I feel that the case should be dismissed. That’s the argument that I have to make today.... The DA didn’t bother to indict the person who is originally the suspect. And when I asked them to at least indict the other woman, there was just no response____The issue was that the wrong person was indicted. ... I didn’t get — nobody would reduce charges.... My client is willing to plead, but it seems excessive to have her plead to an aggravated assault when the perpetrator who committed the assault was never indicted. For that reason, we’re asking the court to dismiss the charges against Ms. Byrd.

We make no comment on the equitable merits of this argument; we find only that Byrd’s protestations of innocence provide no legal basis for concluding her constitutional right to a speedy trial was violated.

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Related

United States v. Marion
404 U.S. 307 (Supreme Court, 1971)
Barker v. Wingo
407 U.S. 514 (Supreme Court, 1972)
Dillingham v. United States
423 U.S. 64 (Supreme Court, 1975)
State v. Johnson
555 S.E.2d 710 (Supreme Court of Georgia, 2001)
Wilson v. State
562 S.E.2d 164 (Supreme Court of Georgia, 2002)
Abiff v. State
396 S.E.2d 483 (Supreme Court of Georgia, 1990)
Roebuck v. State
586 S.E.2d 651 (Supreme Court of Georgia, 2003)
Mayfield v. State
593 S.E.2d 851 (Court of Appeals of Georgia, 2003)

Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
596 S.E.2d 426, 266 Ga. App. 121, 2004 Fulton County D. Rep. 931, 2004 Ga. App. LEXIS 316, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/state-v-byrd-gactapp-2004.