State v. Brown

288 So. 2d 339
CourtSupreme Court of Louisiana
DecidedJanuary 14, 1974
Docket53895
StatusPublished
Cited by22 cases

This text of 288 So. 2d 339 (State v. Brown) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Supreme Court of Louisiana primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
State v. Brown, 288 So. 2d 339 (La. 1974).

Opinion

288 So.2d 339 (1974)

STATE of Louisiana
v.
William Steve BROWN.

No. 53895.

Supreme Court of Louisiana.

January 14, 1974.

*341 Robert L. Dow, Lake Charles, for defendant-appellant.

William J. Guste, Jr., Atty. Gen., Barbara Rutledge, Asst. Atty. Gen. Frank T. Salter, Jr., Dist. Atty., Charles W. Richard, Asst. Dist. Atty., for plaintiff-appellee.

SANDERS, Chief Justice.

Pursuant to a bill of information filed on February 28, 1972, the defendant William S. Brown was tried by jury on November 15, 1972, for the distribution of heroin, a violation of LSA-R.S. 40:971(A)(1)(a). He was found guilty and sentenced to serve 20 years at hard labor. The defendant appeals this conviction and sentence, relying upon 17 bills of exceptions.

BILL OF EXCEPTIONS NO. 1

Bill of Exceptions No. 1 was taken to the denial by the trial court of a motion to quash the bill of information. This motion was predicated upon several grounds.

First, the defendant asserts that the statute pursuant to which he was charged, the Uniform Controlled Dangerous Substance Law of 1970, is offensive to the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. The argument is that in providing a 30-year maximum penalty for distribution *342 by one who holds no license and a maximum of only six months for illegal distribution by one who holds such a license, the Legislature has made an arbitrary and unreasonable classification. We disagree.

In Morey v. Doud, 354 U.S. 457, 77 S.Ct. 1344, 1 L.Ed.2d 1485 (1957), the United States Supreme Court summarized the rules for testing legislation under the Equal Protection Clause as follows:

"`1. The equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment does not take from the State the power to classify in the adoption of police laws, but admits of the exercise of a wide scope of discretion in that regard, and avoids what is done only when it is without any reasonable basis and therefore is purely arbitrary. 2. A classification having some reasonable basis does not offend against that clause merely because it is not made with mathematical nicety or because in practice it results in some inequality. 3. When the classification in such a law is called in question, if any state of facts reasonably can be conceived that would sustain it, the existence of that state of facts at the time the law was enacted must be assumed. 4. One who assails the classification in such a law must carry the burden of showing that it does not rest upon any reasonable basis, but is essentially arbitrary.'" Lindsley v. Natural Carbonic Gas Co., 220 U.S. 61, 78-79, 31 S.Ct. 337, 340, 55 L.Ed. 369 (1911).

Pursuant to these principles, the defendant bears the burden of showing that the classification at issue has no rational basis. State v. Guidry, 247 La. 631, 173 So.2d 192 (1965). Here, it is manifest that the State has a legitimate interest in the distribution of drugs. It is also plain that licensing is a legitimate means to that end. The providing of greater penalties for unlicensed distribution than for illegal but licensed distribution is rationally linked to the prevention of unlicensed distribution, a prime purpose of the statute.

The contention urged by defendant that these penalty provisions offend the Eight Amendment's prohibition of cruel and unusual punishment is equally without merit. Defendant relies upon Robinson v. California, 370 U.S. 660, 82 S.Ct. 1417, 8 L.Ed.2d 758 (1962). Such reliance is misplaced. The court in Robinson held that imprisonment of a person simply because he was a narcotics addict, a status unattended by criminal conduct, is cruel and unusual punishment. Defendant herein was found guilty of criminal conduct, the distribution of heroin.

The defendant also urges that the definition of "deliver" in LSA-R.S. 40:961 is vague and fails to provide an ascertainable standard of guilt.

The statute defines "deliver" as the "actual constructive or attempted transfer of a controlled dangerous substance. . . ." Defendant argues that the statute fails to meet basic constitutional standards since "actual constructive" is a mutually exclusive term. Obviously, a comma was inadvertently omitted between "actual" and "constructive."

LSA-R.S. 1.3 provides as follows:

"Words and phrases shall be read with their context and shall be construed according to the common and approved usage of the language. Technical words and phrases, and such others as may have acquired a peculiar and appropriate meaning in the law, shall be construed and understood according to such peculiar and appropriate meaning."

A reader quickly recognizes that a comma was omitted. When the comma is supplied, as must be done, the statute is clear. It gives a person of ordinary intelligence fair notice as to what conduct is criminal.

The defendant also urges that the Uniform Controlled Dangerous Substances Act is incomprehensible to the average person. The charge at issue is the distribution of heroin. There is nothing vague or indefinite concerning the prohibited conduct.

*343 As we have often held, all that is required is that the statute give a person of ordinary intelligence fair notice of what conduct is criminal. State v. Cloud, 248 La. 125, 176 So.2d 620 (1965); State v. Cade, 244 La. 534, 153 So.2d 382 (1963); State v. Roth, 226 La. 1, 74 So.2d 392 (1954); Whitney v. California, 274 U.S. 357, 47 S.Ct. 641, 71 L.Ed. 1095 (1927).

The defendant also contends that the statute is unconstitutional, because it authorizes the State Board of Health in LSA-R.S. 40:962 to determine that substances in addition to those listed in the statute are dangerous substances. Heroin, the narcotic that defendant was convicted of distributing, is listed in the statute. Hence, defendant has no standing to raise the constitutionality of the delegation provisions in LSA-R.S. 40:962. He is not affected by those provisions.

In his Motion to Quash, defendant also contends that he was denied a jury representing a cross section of the community. Apparently, he attacks the constitutionality of Article 402 of the Louisiana Code of Criminal Procedure and Article 7, Section 41 of the Louisiana Constitution, exempting women from jury service unless they have previously filed written consent to such service.

We have repeatedly held that these statutory and constitutional provisions are valid, relying upon the decision of the United States Supreme Court in Hoyt v. Florida, 368 U.S. 57, 82 S.Ct. 159, 7 L.Ed.2d 118 (1961). See State v. Womack, La., 283 So.2d 708 (1973) and the numerous cases cited.

We conclude that Bill of Exceptions No. 1 is without merit.

BILL OF EXCEPTIONS NO. 2

Defendant through counsel filed a Motion for Oyer and/or Mandamus directed to the Sheriff, the president of the police jury, and the district attorney requesting that the defendant be furnished with certain payroll and personnel records and any and all records concerning investigations or arrests of certain named individuals. From the denial of this motion, defense counsel reserved this exception.

The defendant argues that LSA-R.S. 42:283-285 and LSA-R.S.

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