IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF THE STATE OF DELAWARE
STATE OF DELAWARE, ) ) Plaintiff, ) ) v. ) Cr. A. No. 2006005715 ) CURTIS BRISCO, ) ) Defendant. ) )
Date Decided: June 7, 2021
Upon Defendant Curtis Brisco’s Motion to Sever Defendants GRANTED.
ORDER
Renee Hrivnak, Esquire, Deputy Attorney General, Department of Justice, Wilmington, Delaware, Attorney for the State.
Elise K. Wolpert, Esquire, Office of Eugene J. Maurer, P.A., Wilmington, Delaware, Attorney for Defendant Curtis Brisco
SCOTT, J. INTRODUCTION
Before the Court is Defendant Curtis Brisco’s (“Mr. Brisco”) Motion to Sever
Defendants (the “Motion”). After reviewing the Motion and the State of Delaware’s
(the “State”) Response, Mr. Brisco’s Motion is GRANTED.
BACKGROUND
On August 15, 2019, it is alleged that Mr. Brisco and Mr. Shackelford
committed a litany of offenses against two victims in one incident. What occurred
on that night differs between Mr. Brisco and Mr. Shackelford. However, Mr.
Shackelford asked Mr. Brisco to set up a meeting with Mr. Shackelford’s ex-
girlfriend (the “Victim”). The Victim had been working allegedly as a prostitute at
a nearby motel.
Both Mr. Brisco and Mr. Shackelford have changed their stories multiple
times. According to Mr. Brisco, he met with the Victim because he was under the
impression that the Victim had stolen money from Mr. Shackelford and Mr.
Shackelford wanted it back. Mr. Shackelford denies this and claimed that Mr. Brisco
set up a “date” with the Victim so that Mr. Shackelford could offer her help.
According to Mr. Shackelford, the Victim did not wish to speak with him because
she was “embarrassed and did not want him to see her like that.” So instead, Mr.
Shackelford instructed Mr. Brisco to set up the meeting as if he were a patron and
then text Mr. Shackelford to say which hotel room he and the Victim were in.
1 According to Mr. Brisco, he met with the Victim and, at some point, invited
Mr. Shackelford inside the room without the Victim’s permission. Mr. Shackelford
denies this and claims that the Victim opened the door for him and gave him a hug.
According to Mr. Brisco, Mr. Shackelford held down the Victim and
questioned her about money that she allegedly owed him. Mr. Shackelford denies
that he held down the victim and stated that it was possible that Mr. Brisco took
money from the Victim. Mr. Brisco denies that he took any money and that he looked
for money at the direction of Mr. Shackelford.
It is claimed that Mr. Shackelford raped the Victim that evening while Mr.
Brisco left the motel room and searched the Victim’s vehicle for money. Initially,
Mr. Shackelford denied having sex with the Victim, then admitted to having sex with
the Victim, and then later denied having sex with the Victim. Mr. Brisco claims to
have no knowledge of any sexual contact between Mr. Shackelford and the Victim.
On June 14, 2020, Mr. Brisco was arrested and charged with Robbery First
Degree, Possession of a Firearm During the Commission of a Felony, Home
Invasion, Aggravated Menacing, Conspiracy Second Degree, and Unlawful
Imprisonment Second Degree. On September 8, 2020, Mr. Brisco was indicted along
with his co-defendant Cedric Shackelford (“Mr. Shackelford”).1
1 Mr. Shackelford was initially indicted on January 21, 2020, however his co- defendant had not been identified at that time. Once Mr. Brisco was identified, a
2 In the September 8, 2020 indictment, Mr. Brisco and Mr. Shackelford were
indicted together on the following charges: Burglary Second Degree (Count I),
Robbery First Degree (Count II), Aggravated Menacing (Count III), Conspiracy
Second Degree (Count IV), and Theft Under $1500 (Count V). Separately, Mr.
Brisco was also indicted on one count of Terroristic Threatening (Count IX).
In addition to the above charges, Mr. Shackelford was indicted individually
on two counts of Rape First Degree (Counts VI and VII), Act of Intimidation (Count
X), and Unlawful Imprisonment Second Degree (Count VIII).
On January 18, 2021, Mr. Brisco filed his Motion and requested this Court to
afford him relief from, what he claims to be, prejudicial joinder. On April 12, 2021,
the State filed its Response and requested this Court to deny Mr. Brisco’s Motion.
PARTIES’ ASSERTIONS
A. Mr. Brisco
Mr. Brisco argues that severance is required for four reasons: (1) Mr.
Shackelford made extra-judicial statements implicating Mr. Brisco in the charged
offenses; (2) Mr. Brisco’s and Mr. Shackelford’s defenses are antagonistic to one
another; and (3) Mr. Brisco would suffer significant prejudice in presenting evidence
warrant was issued for his arrest and Mr. Shackelford was re-indicted on September 8, 2020 alongside Mr. Brisco.
3 of Mr. Shackelford’s alleged rape charge for which Mr. Brisco is not charged; 2 and
(4) severance is necessary in order to uphold Mr. Brisco’s Sixth Amendment right
to confront any witnesses against him.3
B. The State
The State argues that: (1) Mr. Brisco cannot demonstrate a reasonable
probability that substantial prejudice may result from a joint trial; (2) Bruton does
not apply because the State has not identified or suggested it will use either Mr.
Brisco’s or Mr. Shackelford’s statement in its case in chief; (3) Mr. Brisco and Mr.
Shackelford do not have antagonistic defenses because the just cannot reasonably
accept the core of one defense only if it rejects the core of the other defense; and (4)
jury instructions can cure any issues or concerns that Mr. Brisco will be prejudiced
by the jury hearing evidence of the crimes for which Mr. Shackelford is charged.
STANDARD OF REVIEW
Under Superior Court Criminal Rule 8(a), joinder of offenses is permissible
“if the offenses charged are of the same or similar character or are based on the same
act or transaction or on two or more acts or transactions connected together or
constituting parts of a common scheme or plan.”4 Under Superior Court Criminal
2 Def.’s Mot. at ¶ 7. 3 Id. at ¶ 11. 4 Super. Ct. Crim. R. 8(a).
4 Rule 14, if it appears that a defendant or the state is prejudiced by joinder of offenses
or of defendants in an indictment, the Court may order separate trials of counts or
provide whatever other relief justice requires.5
The decision to grant a severance motion is within the discretion of the trial
court.6 A defendant bears the burden of demonstrating that a reasonable probability
of prejudice exists for the charges or defendants to be severed and tried separately.7
“As a general rule, the factors to be considered when determining whether a
motion for a separate trial should be granted are: problems involving a co-
defendant’s extra-judicial statements; an absence of substantial independent
competent evidence of the movant’s guilt; antagonistic defenses as between the co-
defendant and the movant; and difficulty in segregating the State’s evidence as
between the co-defendant and the movant.”8
Severance should be granted “only if there is a serious risk that a joint trial
would compromise a specific trial right of one of the defendants, or prevent the jury
from making a reliable judgment about guilt or innocence.”9
5 Super. Ct. Crim. R. 14. 6 Bradley v. State, 559 A.2d 1234, 1241 (Del. 1989). 7 Lampkins v.
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IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF THE STATE OF DELAWARE
STATE OF DELAWARE, ) ) Plaintiff, ) ) v. ) Cr. A. No. 2006005715 ) CURTIS BRISCO, ) ) Defendant. ) )
Date Decided: June 7, 2021
Upon Defendant Curtis Brisco’s Motion to Sever Defendants GRANTED.
ORDER
Renee Hrivnak, Esquire, Deputy Attorney General, Department of Justice, Wilmington, Delaware, Attorney for the State.
Elise K. Wolpert, Esquire, Office of Eugene J. Maurer, P.A., Wilmington, Delaware, Attorney for Defendant Curtis Brisco
SCOTT, J. INTRODUCTION
Before the Court is Defendant Curtis Brisco’s (“Mr. Brisco”) Motion to Sever
Defendants (the “Motion”). After reviewing the Motion and the State of Delaware’s
(the “State”) Response, Mr. Brisco’s Motion is GRANTED.
BACKGROUND
On August 15, 2019, it is alleged that Mr. Brisco and Mr. Shackelford
committed a litany of offenses against two victims in one incident. What occurred
on that night differs between Mr. Brisco and Mr. Shackelford. However, Mr.
Shackelford asked Mr. Brisco to set up a meeting with Mr. Shackelford’s ex-
girlfriend (the “Victim”). The Victim had been working allegedly as a prostitute at
a nearby motel.
Both Mr. Brisco and Mr. Shackelford have changed their stories multiple
times. According to Mr. Brisco, he met with the Victim because he was under the
impression that the Victim had stolen money from Mr. Shackelford and Mr.
Shackelford wanted it back. Mr. Shackelford denies this and claimed that Mr. Brisco
set up a “date” with the Victim so that Mr. Shackelford could offer her help.
According to Mr. Shackelford, the Victim did not wish to speak with him because
she was “embarrassed and did not want him to see her like that.” So instead, Mr.
Shackelford instructed Mr. Brisco to set up the meeting as if he were a patron and
then text Mr. Shackelford to say which hotel room he and the Victim were in.
1 According to Mr. Brisco, he met with the Victim and, at some point, invited
Mr. Shackelford inside the room without the Victim’s permission. Mr. Shackelford
denies this and claims that the Victim opened the door for him and gave him a hug.
According to Mr. Brisco, Mr. Shackelford held down the Victim and
questioned her about money that she allegedly owed him. Mr. Shackelford denies
that he held down the victim and stated that it was possible that Mr. Brisco took
money from the Victim. Mr. Brisco denies that he took any money and that he looked
for money at the direction of Mr. Shackelford.
It is claimed that Mr. Shackelford raped the Victim that evening while Mr.
Brisco left the motel room and searched the Victim’s vehicle for money. Initially,
Mr. Shackelford denied having sex with the Victim, then admitted to having sex with
the Victim, and then later denied having sex with the Victim. Mr. Brisco claims to
have no knowledge of any sexual contact between Mr. Shackelford and the Victim.
On June 14, 2020, Mr. Brisco was arrested and charged with Robbery First
Degree, Possession of a Firearm During the Commission of a Felony, Home
Invasion, Aggravated Menacing, Conspiracy Second Degree, and Unlawful
Imprisonment Second Degree. On September 8, 2020, Mr. Brisco was indicted along
with his co-defendant Cedric Shackelford (“Mr. Shackelford”).1
1 Mr. Shackelford was initially indicted on January 21, 2020, however his co- defendant had not been identified at that time. Once Mr. Brisco was identified, a
2 In the September 8, 2020 indictment, Mr. Brisco and Mr. Shackelford were
indicted together on the following charges: Burglary Second Degree (Count I),
Robbery First Degree (Count II), Aggravated Menacing (Count III), Conspiracy
Second Degree (Count IV), and Theft Under $1500 (Count V). Separately, Mr.
Brisco was also indicted on one count of Terroristic Threatening (Count IX).
In addition to the above charges, Mr. Shackelford was indicted individually
on two counts of Rape First Degree (Counts VI and VII), Act of Intimidation (Count
X), and Unlawful Imprisonment Second Degree (Count VIII).
On January 18, 2021, Mr. Brisco filed his Motion and requested this Court to
afford him relief from, what he claims to be, prejudicial joinder. On April 12, 2021,
the State filed its Response and requested this Court to deny Mr. Brisco’s Motion.
PARTIES’ ASSERTIONS
A. Mr. Brisco
Mr. Brisco argues that severance is required for four reasons: (1) Mr.
Shackelford made extra-judicial statements implicating Mr. Brisco in the charged
offenses; (2) Mr. Brisco’s and Mr. Shackelford’s defenses are antagonistic to one
another; and (3) Mr. Brisco would suffer significant prejudice in presenting evidence
warrant was issued for his arrest and Mr. Shackelford was re-indicted on September 8, 2020 alongside Mr. Brisco.
3 of Mr. Shackelford’s alleged rape charge for which Mr. Brisco is not charged; 2 and
(4) severance is necessary in order to uphold Mr. Brisco’s Sixth Amendment right
to confront any witnesses against him.3
B. The State
The State argues that: (1) Mr. Brisco cannot demonstrate a reasonable
probability that substantial prejudice may result from a joint trial; (2) Bruton does
not apply because the State has not identified or suggested it will use either Mr.
Brisco’s or Mr. Shackelford’s statement in its case in chief; (3) Mr. Brisco and Mr.
Shackelford do not have antagonistic defenses because the just cannot reasonably
accept the core of one defense only if it rejects the core of the other defense; and (4)
jury instructions can cure any issues or concerns that Mr. Brisco will be prejudiced
by the jury hearing evidence of the crimes for which Mr. Shackelford is charged.
STANDARD OF REVIEW
Under Superior Court Criminal Rule 8(a), joinder of offenses is permissible
“if the offenses charged are of the same or similar character or are based on the same
act or transaction or on two or more acts or transactions connected together or
constituting parts of a common scheme or plan.”4 Under Superior Court Criminal
2 Def.’s Mot. at ¶ 7. 3 Id. at ¶ 11. 4 Super. Ct. Crim. R. 8(a).
4 Rule 14, if it appears that a defendant or the state is prejudiced by joinder of offenses
or of defendants in an indictment, the Court may order separate trials of counts or
provide whatever other relief justice requires.5
The decision to grant a severance motion is within the discretion of the trial
court.6 A defendant bears the burden of demonstrating that a reasonable probability
of prejudice exists for the charges or defendants to be severed and tried separately.7
“As a general rule, the factors to be considered when determining whether a
motion for a separate trial should be granted are: problems involving a co-
defendant’s extra-judicial statements; an absence of substantial independent
competent evidence of the movant’s guilt; antagonistic defenses as between the co-
defendant and the movant; and difficulty in segregating the State’s evidence as
between the co-defendant and the movant.”8
Severance should be granted “only if there is a serious risk that a joint trial
would compromise a specific trial right of one of the defendants, or prevent the jury
from making a reliable judgment about guilt or innocence.”9
5 Super. Ct. Crim. R. 14. 6 Bradley v. State, 559 A.2d 1234, 1241 (Del. 1989). 7 Lampkins v. State, 465 A.2d 785, 794 (Del. 1983). 8 Weist v. State, 542 A.2d 1193, 1995 (Del. 1988). 9 Manley v. State, 709 A.2d 643, 652 (Del. 1998).
5 DISCUSSION I. Joinder is Permissible
The allegations underlying the charges by both Mr. Brisco and Mr.
Shackelford are “based on the same act or transaction.”10
II. Severance is Warranted Ordinarily, defendants indicted jointly should be tried together. However, if
justice requires it, this Court should grant separate trials.11 A defendant seeking to
sever his trial from that of his or her codefendant bears the burden of establishing
more than mere hypothetical prejudice through joinder of defendant’s trial with that
of his or her codefendant.12
When reviewing a motion to sever defendant’s trial from that of his or her
codefendant, this Court should consider as appropriate: problems involving
codefendant’s extrajudicial statements; absence of substantial independent
competent evidence of defendant’s guilt; antagonistic defenses as between
codefendant and defendant; and difficulty in segregating State’s evidence as between
codefendant and defendant.
10 Ashley v. State, 85 A.3d 81, 85 (Del. 2014) (citing to Super. Ct. Crim. R. 8(a)). 11 Anderson v. State, 2021 WL 1205908, at *3 (Del. Mar. 30, 2021); Super. Ct. Crim. R. 8(a). 12 Super. Ct. Crim. R. 14.
6 Mr. Brisco argues that Mr. Shackelford had made extra-judicial statements
that implicate him in the charged offenses. Hostility between a defendant and his co-
defendant, or mere inconsistencies in defenses or trial strategies, does not require
severance per se.13 In other words, mutually antagonistic defenses do not
automatically require severance.14 On the other hand, when “the jury can reasonably
accept the core of the defense by either defense only if it rejects the core of the
defense offered by his co-defendant, the defenses are sufficiently antagonistic to
mandate separate trials.”15
Here, Mr. Brisco and Mr. Shackelford’s statements to the police are
sufficiently antagonistic and, as found in Jenkins v. State,16 trying the defendants
together would effectively try each defendant upon the extra-judicial statement of
the other.17
Mr. Brisco, in his post-Mirandized statements to law enforcement, claimed
that Mr. Shackelford informed him that the Victim stole money from him and that is
why he wanted Mr. Brisco’s help. Mr. Shackelford, in statements made to the police,
claimed that he only wanted Mr. Brisco’s help to offer help to the Victim, his ex-
13 Manley, 709 A.2d at 652. 14 Id. 15 Bradley v. State, 559 A.2d 1234, 1241 (Del. 1989). 16 Jenkins. v. State, 230 A.2d 262 (Del. 1967). 17 Cf. Id. with Anderson, 2021 WL 1205908, at *3.
7 girlfriend, and claimed that she would be too embarrassed to see him under those
circumstances.
Mr. Brisco, in his post-mirandized statements to law enforcement, claimed
that Mr. Shackelford held the Victim down and questioned her about money that was
owed. Mr. Shackelford denies that he held the Victim down and questioned her about
money.
Mr. Brisco, in his post-mirandized statements to law enforcement, claimed
that he searched for money, at Mr. Shackelford’s instruction, but did not find or take
any. Mr. Shackelford informed law enforcement that he believed it was possible Mr.
Brisco stole money when he wasn’t watching.
Mr. Brisco, in his post-mirandized statements to law enforcement, claimed
that he opened the door for Mr. Shackelford to allow him to enter the Victim’s motel
room. Mr. Shackelford claims that the Victim opened the door for him and gave him
a hug.
Although mere inconsistency is does not require severance, the arguments
presented by Mr. Brisco and his codefendant are antithetical. Mr. Brisco’s
statements, made to law enforcement, could be reasonably accepted by a jury only
if the jury rejected the statements made by Mr. Shackelford and vice versa. As Mr.
Brisco claims, “Mr. Shackelford will almost certainly point-the-finger at Mr. Brisco
8 as part of his defense to Counts I through IV (and, vice versa).” There is a reasonable
probability that a joint trial will cause substantial injustice.
Moreover, under Bruton v. United States, the State would be constitutionally
barred by the Sixth Amendment from producing such testimony in a joint trial of the
two defendants.18 The trials of Mr. Brisco and Mr. Shackelford must be severed
insofar as Bruton is concerned in order to permit the State to put forward its evidence
of Mr. Brisco’s confession and implication of Mr. Shackelford before Mr. Brisco’s
jury only – and vice versa. Accordingly, severance is warranted.
CONCLUSION
For the forgoing reasons, Mr. Brisco’s Motion to Sever Defendants is
GRANTED.
IT IS SO ORDERED.
/s/ Calvin L. Scott The Honorable Calvin L. Scott, Jr.
18 Bruton v. United States, 391 U.S. 123 (1968).