State v. Blackburn

499 P.2d 1325, 10 Or. App. 564, 1972 Ore. App. LEXIS 887
Court of Appeals of Oregon·Decided August 10, 1972·No. No. 28226; No. 28204·Published·Cited by 2 cases

Opinions

THORNTON, J.

This is an appieal by the state from orders suppressing evidence in two criminal cases which were consolidated for hearing both in the trial court and in this court.

The trial pudge ruled that the search warrant under which rooms occupied by defendants in a multiple-occupancy basement were searched and a quantity of marihuana seized was fatally defective for the reason that it failed to describe the place to be searched Avith sufficient particularity, and granted defendants’ motions to suppress. The state contends that the trial court erred because the search warrant was sufficient to permit the police officers executing [566] the warrant to locate and search the premises and to seize the evidence on which the prosecutions were based.

The rooms in which the disputed search occurred were located in the basement of a residence in Mc-Minnville. The evidence was that the basement area had been divided into a series of small rooms which were rented individually to five tenants. In addition, the basement contained a central ldtehen-living room-bathroom area which was used in common by all tenants. The rooms occupied by the two defendants were located on opposite sides of the common area. This area also provided the sole access to defendants’ rooms. The door to the kitchen-living room-bathroom area had no number on it, and was kept open at all times. A short hallway led from this common area to the street entrance.

The room occupied by defendant Bruce Barber and another student named Welton was known by the landlord as “No. 4-5,” and had affixed to the door three separate cards with printed matter on each. The top card, which was the smallest of the three, had the letters “ECURB” (“ECURB” is Bruce spelled backward) printed on it. The middle card bore what appears from a photograph offered in evidence to be an engraving showing Neptune emerging from the sea. The bottom card had the words “CHANGE . . . CONTROVERSY . . . CHALLENGE” printed on it. The door, however, bore no numerals. The room occupied by defendant Blackburn had the numeral “2” on it. A room occupied by a fourth student named Roberts with the numeral “3” on the door also led off the common area.

The search warrant described the premises to be [567] searched as “* * * Apartment Number 2 in the basement of the residence at 240 South Davis Street, said apartment having the letters ECURB on the door * * The affidavit supporting the issuance of the warrant described the premises three times in the same manner. The affiant, who was also the officer in charge of executing the search warrant, obtained his information from an anonymous informant who had been at the named premises on the night of August 2, 1971. The state’s evidence was that the informant had observed a quantity of marihuana there while attending a party.

The search warrant was executed at approximately 4 a.m. on August 3 by the affiant, Deputy Sullivan, and several uniformed police officers. Upon entering the basement area, the officers went down the hall to the open and unmarked door leading to the common area and knocked several times. Deputy Sullivan testified concerning subsequent events as follows: That he looked on the face of the door and did not see any markings; that he could see all of the common area without entering and that he could see the doors marked “2” and “3,” which were closed; that defendant Barber responded to the knocking; that he asked Barber “if he was Barber and if this was Apartment No. 2,” to which Barber replied “That is true”; that he showed Barber the search warrant and gave him the Miranda warnings; that he figured the whole apartment was “Apartment No. 2” and further relied on Barber’s statement that it was; that he was told by his informant that there were two apartments in the basement; that prior to entering the building [568] the officers verified the license number of an automobile in front of the house and found that it was Barber’s automobile; that Barber’s room was searched producing, among other things, two “lids” of marihuana from the closet; and that Barber admitted he possessed marihuana. Some time later defendant Blackburn produced two “joints” of marihuana from his room and handed them to one of the officers. Shortly thereafter defendants were arrested for possession of marihuana.

There is a conflict in the testimony as to whether Sullivan asked Barber if the whole area was “Apartment No. 2.” Sullivan testified that Barber indicated that it was “Apartment No. 2”; Barber testified that he did not.

There is also a conflict over the sequence of events that next followed. However, there is no contention urged in defendants’ brief nor in oral argument that the Miranda advice was not given before the questioning and the search. They did not search room “1,” which opens on the hallway. No effort was made initially to locate a door with the letters “ECURB” as described in the search warrant. Barber’s “ECURB” door was open from the time the officers first entered. Approximately an hour and a half had elapsed before one of the officers looked on the face of the door and saw the letters “ECURB” thereon. Marihuana was found in Barber’s room (“ECURB”).

Based upon the testimony which we have just summarized the trial court ordered the marihuana suppressed. The court issued a memorandum opinion but made no special findings of fact. From a reading of the court’s memorandum opinion we conclude that the court rested its decision to suppress entirety on [569] what it considered to be a fatal variance between the description in the warrant of the room to be searched, and the physical facts subsequently disclosed during the search. We reverse and remand. After examining the entire record we conclude that under the standards applied in State v. Cortman, 251 Or 566, 446 P2d 681 (1968), cert denied 394 US 951 (1969), State v. Koberstein, 8 Or App 307, 493 P2d 176 (1971), Sup Ct review denied (1972), and State v. Skrelunas, 1 Or App 182, 460 P2d 869 (1969), the warrant in this case sufficiently specified the premises to be searched.

After the officers searched defendant Barber’s room, and after defendant Blackburn produced two ■“joints” of marihuana from his room, they had probable cause to search Blackburn’s room as well as the common area. People v. Gorg, 157 Cal App2d 515, 321 P2d 143 (1958). However, the search of room “3,” which was occupied by Roberts, was improper. There is nothing in the record to indicate that prior to extending their search to this room the officers had probable cause to believe that room “3” contained marihuana or that Roberts was in any way involved with marihuana found in the possession of defendants Barber and Blackburn.

We recognize that there was a variance between the description of the premises in the warrant and the physical facts discovered in the course of the search. Under all the facts presented here, however, this variance was not such an irregularity as to render the warrant fatally defective and thereby invalidate the search and seizure.

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State v. Blackburn, 499 P.2d 1325, 10 Or. App. 564, 1972 Ore. App. LEXIS 887 (Or. Ct. App. 1972).

499 P.2d 1325 (State v. Blackburn) — published by Counsel Stack Legal Research, free access to 12M+ legal documents.

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State v. Blackburn
511 P.2d 381 (Oregon Supreme Court, 1973)