State v. Berger

1999 ND 46, 590 N.W.2d 884, 1999 N.D. LEXIS 50, 1999 WL 144914
CourtNorth Dakota Supreme Court
DecidedMarch 18, 1999
Docket980302
StatusPublished
Cited by6 cases

This text of 1999 ND 46 (State v. Berger) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering North Dakota Supreme Court primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
State v. Berger, 1999 ND 46, 590 N.W.2d 884, 1999 N.D. LEXIS 50, 1999 WL 144914 (N.D. 1999).

Opinion

*886 KAPSNER, Justice.

[¶ 1] Nevada Joe Berger appealed from an order denying a motion to suppress his 1994 and 1996 convictions for being in actual physical control of a motor vehicle while under the influence of intoxicating liquor (APC). Berger argues his prior APC convictions should not be used to enhance his sentence for a 1998 conviction for driving under the influence of an intoxicating liquor (DUI). We affirm.

I.

[¶ 2] On April 9, 1998, Berger was charged with DUI, a class A misdemeanor. The information alleged it was Berger’s third violation of N.D.C.C. § 39-08-01 in a five-year period. Berger pled guilty to APC on July 1, 1994, in Williams County and again on October 22, 1996, in Morton County. Berger filed a motion to suppress those APC convictions to prevent sentence enhancement as a third-time offender under N.D.C.C. § 39-08-01. The trial court denied the motion to suppress, and on August 31, 1998, Berger entered a conditional guilty plea under N.D.R.Crim.P. 11(a)(2).

II.

[¶ 3] Our standard of review of a trial court’s denial of a motion to suppress is set out in State v. Garrett, 1998 ND 173, ¶ 11, 584 N.W.2d 502 (citations omitted):

The trial court’s disposition of a motion to suppress will not be reversed if, after conflicts in the testimony are resolved in favor of affirmance, there is sufficient competent evidence fairly capable of supporting the trial court’s findings, and the decision is not contrary to the manifest weight of the evidence.

[¶ 4] Berger argues there is insufficient evidence in the record to prove his 1994 and 1996 APC guilty pleas complied with N.D.R.Crim.P. 11. 1 Berger failed to submit evidence from the APC proceedings to support his motion to suppress. The 1994 plea agreement, plea, and order and the 1996 criminal judgment were introduced by the State in opposition to the motion. Berger argues, however, it is the State’s further affirmative burden to demonstrate the prior pleas were voluntary under Rule 11(c) and rested upon a factual basis under Rule 11(e) and contends the State has not met its burden of proof. We disagree.

[¶ 5] In State v. Orr, 375 N.W.2d 171, 178-79 (N.D.1985), we held absent evidence of a valid waiver of a defendant’s right to counsel in a prior proceeding, an earlier conviction cannot be used to enhance a sentence for a subsequent offense. Our decision in Orr, at 178, was based on the belief uncoun-seled convictions are inherently unreliable and should be viewed with skepticism. The constitutional right to counsel is “fundamental because it enables an accused to procure a fair trial.” Id. at 177-78. “[Cjounsel will, if not guarantee, then at least facilitate the optimum outcome for a defendant in a given case.” Id. at 178. In Orr, at 179, we ruled a “silent record is insufficient to overcome the presumption that the prior uncounseled conviction was void for enhancement purposes.”

[¶ 6] In State v. Pitman, 427 N.W.2d 337, 343 (N.D.1988), Pitman argued his 1985 Kansas DUI conviction should not be used to *887 enhance his sentence because there was an insufficient record to prove he was advised of his constitutional rights before waiving them. This court concluded “[w]e believe that when, as here, the record clearly establishes that the defendant was represented by counsel when he waived his right to trial, the defendant must do more than simply request that the State prove that the defendant validly waived a trial.” Id. We further explained in Pitman, at 343 n. 5:

Pitman does not assert that he was not informed of his rights. His “position is, essentially, that the record is insufficient in this case; that Rule 11 requires much more than a mere representation by counsel.”
One objective of Rule 11, N.D.R.Crim.P., is to assure that a defendant who pleads guilty makes an informed plea. See Explanatory Note, Rule 11, N.D.R.Crim.P. Rule 11(f) requires the proceedings to be recorded to assist appellate review of the question of whether or not the defendant made an informed decision. Pitman’s 1985 Kansas judgment of conviction and his decision to plead guilty are not before this Court for review however. His 1985 judgment of conviction is relevant for the limited purpose of sentencing. Thus, Rule 11, N.D.R.Crim.P., which does not address the use of prior convictions to enhance punishment, is not directly involved.

[¶ 7] Similarly, in State v. Haverluk, 432 N.W.2d 871, 873 (N.D.1988), Haverluk argued the trial court erred in considering his prior DUI convictions for sentence enhancement in his fourth DUI proceeding. Haver-luk contended there was insufficient evidence in the record to prove he was represented by counsel or waived his right to counsel in his prior DUI convictions. Id. The record, however, contained certified judgments from his three prior DUI convictions indicating Hav-erluk had the benefit of counsel. Id. at 875. We emphasized:

While the State has the burden of proof regarding representation of counsel in the prior convictions, we believe that after the State provided evidence of representation Haverluk had the burden of going forward with evidence but failed to do so. See City of Fargo v. Christiansen, 430 N.W.2d 327 (N.D.1988).

Id.

[¶ 8] The evidence introduced by the State in this proceeding affirmatively demonstrates Berger was represented when he entered his pleas in 1994 and 1996. On June 29, 1994, Berger signed a plea agreement, plea, and order establishing his plea of guilty to “the offense of being in actual physical control of a motor vehicle while under the influence of alcohol on March 27,1994, in Williams County, North Dakota.” On July 1, 1994, the Williams County trial court ordered acceptance of the plea agreement finding Berger, his attorney, and the State “engaged in plea discussions and negotiations and ... reached an agreement that is consistent with the facts, the law, and the ends of justice.”

[¶ 9] On October 22, 1996, the Morton County trial court found Berger, his attorney, and the municipal prosecutor entered a plea agreement and requested the court “review the agreement and if acceptable ... enter judgment without requiring the presence of the parties.” The court entered a criminal judgment finding Berger entered “a plea of guilty to the offense of Actual Physical Control.” The trial court accepted the terms of the plea agreement after “having reviewed the entire written record submitted by the parties and having determined that said plea was knowing and. voluntary and that a factual basis existed for said plea.”

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Bluebook (online)
1999 ND 46, 590 N.W.2d 884, 1999 N.D. LEXIS 50, 1999 WL 144914, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/state-v-berger-nd-1999.