No. 94-246 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF MONTANA 1995
STATE OF MONTANA, Plaintiff and Respondent, v. JUN 14Wi CHRISTOPHER P. BAYSINGER, Defendant and Appellant.
APPEAL FROM: District Court of the Eighteenth Judicial District, In and for the County of Galiatin, The Honorable Larry W. Moran, Judge presiding.
COUNSEL OF RECORD: For Appellant: Brian P. Fay, Angel, Screnar, Coil, Bartlett & Fay, Bozeman, Montana For Respondent: Hon. Joseph P. Mazurek, Attorney General, Kathy Seeley, Assistant Attorney General, Helena, Montana Mike Salvagni, Gallatin County Attorney, Gary Balaz, Deputy County Attorney, Bozeman, Montana
Submitted on Briefs: January 26, 1995 Decided: June 14, 1995 Filed: Justice William E. Hunt, Sr., delivered the opinion of the Court.
Appellant Christopher Baysinger was convicted of felony theft
by a jury in the Eighteenth Judicial District Court, Gallatin County. Appellant appeals. We reverse.
The issue on appeal is whether sufficient evidence was introduced at trial to sustain a guilty verdict on the charge of
felony theft against appellant.
The appellant and his brother, Jeff, were tried in the same trial. The charges against appellant and his brother arose from
the following circumstances:
Vern VanAckeren, trustee chairman of the Bozeman Elks Lodge
entered the Elks Lodge building on the morning of July 5, 1993, and
discovered that a break-in had occurred. He reported the break-in
to the Bozeman Police Department.
Sergeant Bill Dove and another officer investigated and found
no evidence of forced entry to the exterior doors. Inside, the
door to the manager's office had been pried open. The safe that
had been kept in the office was missing, and damage had been done
to the sheetrock walls in the area where the safe had been. The
officers found a metal bar lying on the office floor. A
two-wheeled cart was missing from the building. Four poker machines had been pried open and emptied of cash. A total of
approximately $5900 in cash was missing from the safe and the poker
machines. Audit tapes from the poker machines revealed that they had been broken into between 3:28 a.m. and 3:55 a.m. on July 5,
1993.
This was the second time the Elks Lodge had been burglarized. In December 1992, there was a break-in and a safe was stolen. That
burglary was never solved. A new safe had been installed in the manager's office and was
secured to the floor by eight to ten inch long bolts which ran
through the floor and into a basement storage room where they were
fastened by nuts. A padlocked door secured the storage room. To
take the safe from the office, the nuts in the storage room had to
be removed and the 200 to 250 pound safe had to be lifted
vertically eight to ten inches for the bolts to clear the floor.
On July 5, the investigating officers found the storage room
door and padlock in place and undisturbed. At the top of the
storage room walls, between the ceiling joists, were spaces through
which someone could crawl. However, the officers determined from
the accumulation of dust and cobwebs that entry into the storage
room had not been made through these openings. The officers also
noted that dust and cobwebs had accumulated in the ceiling space
where the bolts had protruded, concluding that the nuts had been
removed sometime prior to the break-in.
The lack of damage to the exterior doors and the prior removal
of the nuts indicated to Sgt. Dove that the burglary was an "inside
job," i.e., the work of a current or previous employee or member. Sgt. Dove asked the manager who he suspected of the crime, and the
3 manager named two persons, one of whom was Jeff Baysinger, the appellant's brother. At the time of the break-in, Jeff lived in
the Bozeman area, was employed as an assistant cook at the Lodge, and had been employed there for three or four weeks.
The investigation revealed that there were six authorized sets
of keys to the Lodge building. The keys were marked "Do Not Duplicate," and were issued to the manager, the trustee chairman, the exalted ruler, the janitor, and the head cook. Jeff had not
been given a set of keys. The sixth set of keys, including keys to
the entire building, remained in the bar area during business hours
and any employee could use them if needed; however, they were
supposed to ask to borrow them before taking them from the bar area. When the Lodge closed at night, the bartender was supposed
to lock the keys in the manager's office. None of the six
authorized sets were found missing on July 5, and the bartender's
keys were in the manager's office.
The Lodge employed a janitor whose hours were from 4 a.m. to
1 p.m. About one week before the July 5 break-in, the janitor was
working in the basement around 5 a.m. when he heard footsteps
upstairs. Because no one else is allowed in the building at that
time of day, the janitor became concerned and investigated. The
janitor testified that he found Jeff standing outside the manager's
office with his hand on the doorknob. According to the janitor,
Jeff told him that he had seen the lights on inside the Lodge, and
not knowing that the janitor was there, had decided to investigate.
4 Jeff told him that he had found one of the exterior doors unlocked.
The janitor also testified that Jeff questioned him about the times
that he and other employees came to work.
On July 6, 1993, Sgt. Dove interviewed Jeff. Jeff told Sgt.
Dove that the janitor had discovered him in the Lodge building the
previous week. Jeff stated that he had a 6 a.m. breakfast date
that day, and that when he drove past the Lodge at about 5 a.m. he
saw lights on and became suspicious. He stated that he found an
unlocked door, entered the building, and began to look around when
the janitor confronted him. During the interview, Jeff also discussed his activities
during the 24 hours surrounding the break-in. Jeff stated that on July 4 he and his girlfriend were together at her house in
Belgrade. About 11 p.m., Jeff was called by appellant, who said he
was coming to Bozeman from Missoula, where he lived. Appellant arrived at Jeff's girlfriend's house at about 1:00 or 1:30 a.m. on
the morning of July 5. According to Jeff, he and appellant then
left the house to go drink coffee and later spent the night in Bozeman at the apartment of a friend. The friend had not been
there, but Jeff had his own key to the apartment and had slept
there on previous occasions. Jeff's girlfriend initially stated
that, on the night of the break-in, she also stayed at the
apartment, but later changed her story on this point, stating that
she remained at her house in Belgrade.
5 In her initial interview, Jeff's girlfriend also stated that
Jeff and appellant had returned to her house around 4:30 a.m. on
the morning of July 5. At trial, however, she explained that she
had her days confused, and that on July 5 Jeff and appellant
actually returned around 7:30 a.m. Jeff told Sgt. Dove that on
July 5 he and appellant left Jeff's friend's apartment at 6:00 or
6:30 a.m. and returned to Jeff's girlfriend's house around
7:30 a.m. According to Jeff, he and appellant left Belgrade
shortly thereafter to go fishing near Butte and returned to
Belgrade on the morning of July 6 around 4:30 a.m. Later on the
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No. 94-246 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF MONTANA 1995
STATE OF MONTANA, Plaintiff and Respondent, v. JUN 14Wi CHRISTOPHER P. BAYSINGER, Defendant and Appellant.
APPEAL FROM: District Court of the Eighteenth Judicial District, In and for the County of Galiatin, The Honorable Larry W. Moran, Judge presiding.
COUNSEL OF RECORD: For Appellant: Brian P. Fay, Angel, Screnar, Coil, Bartlett & Fay, Bozeman, Montana For Respondent: Hon. Joseph P. Mazurek, Attorney General, Kathy Seeley, Assistant Attorney General, Helena, Montana Mike Salvagni, Gallatin County Attorney, Gary Balaz, Deputy County Attorney, Bozeman, Montana
Submitted on Briefs: January 26, 1995 Decided: June 14, 1995 Filed: Justice William E. Hunt, Sr., delivered the opinion of the Court.
Appellant Christopher Baysinger was convicted of felony theft
by a jury in the Eighteenth Judicial District Court, Gallatin County. Appellant appeals. We reverse.
The issue on appeal is whether sufficient evidence was introduced at trial to sustain a guilty verdict on the charge of
felony theft against appellant.
The appellant and his brother, Jeff, were tried in the same trial. The charges against appellant and his brother arose from
the following circumstances:
Vern VanAckeren, trustee chairman of the Bozeman Elks Lodge
entered the Elks Lodge building on the morning of July 5, 1993, and
discovered that a break-in had occurred. He reported the break-in
to the Bozeman Police Department.
Sergeant Bill Dove and another officer investigated and found
no evidence of forced entry to the exterior doors. Inside, the
door to the manager's office had been pried open. The safe that
had been kept in the office was missing, and damage had been done
to the sheetrock walls in the area where the safe had been. The
officers found a metal bar lying on the office floor. A
two-wheeled cart was missing from the building. Four poker machines had been pried open and emptied of cash. A total of
approximately $5900 in cash was missing from the safe and the poker
machines. Audit tapes from the poker machines revealed that they had been broken into between 3:28 a.m. and 3:55 a.m. on July 5,
1993.
This was the second time the Elks Lodge had been burglarized. In December 1992, there was a break-in and a safe was stolen. That
burglary was never solved. A new safe had been installed in the manager's office and was
secured to the floor by eight to ten inch long bolts which ran
through the floor and into a basement storage room where they were
fastened by nuts. A padlocked door secured the storage room. To
take the safe from the office, the nuts in the storage room had to
be removed and the 200 to 250 pound safe had to be lifted
vertically eight to ten inches for the bolts to clear the floor.
On July 5, the investigating officers found the storage room
door and padlock in place and undisturbed. At the top of the
storage room walls, between the ceiling joists, were spaces through
which someone could crawl. However, the officers determined from
the accumulation of dust and cobwebs that entry into the storage
room had not been made through these openings. The officers also
noted that dust and cobwebs had accumulated in the ceiling space
where the bolts had protruded, concluding that the nuts had been
removed sometime prior to the break-in.
The lack of damage to the exterior doors and the prior removal
of the nuts indicated to Sgt. Dove that the burglary was an "inside
job," i.e., the work of a current or previous employee or member. Sgt. Dove asked the manager who he suspected of the crime, and the
3 manager named two persons, one of whom was Jeff Baysinger, the appellant's brother. At the time of the break-in, Jeff lived in
the Bozeman area, was employed as an assistant cook at the Lodge, and had been employed there for three or four weeks.
The investigation revealed that there were six authorized sets
of keys to the Lodge building. The keys were marked "Do Not Duplicate," and were issued to the manager, the trustee chairman, the exalted ruler, the janitor, and the head cook. Jeff had not
been given a set of keys. The sixth set of keys, including keys to
the entire building, remained in the bar area during business hours
and any employee could use them if needed; however, they were
supposed to ask to borrow them before taking them from the bar area. When the Lodge closed at night, the bartender was supposed
to lock the keys in the manager's office. None of the six
authorized sets were found missing on July 5, and the bartender's
keys were in the manager's office.
The Lodge employed a janitor whose hours were from 4 a.m. to
1 p.m. About one week before the July 5 break-in, the janitor was
working in the basement around 5 a.m. when he heard footsteps
upstairs. Because no one else is allowed in the building at that
time of day, the janitor became concerned and investigated. The
janitor testified that he found Jeff standing outside the manager's
office with his hand on the doorknob. According to the janitor,
Jeff told him that he had seen the lights on inside the Lodge, and
not knowing that the janitor was there, had decided to investigate.
4 Jeff told him that he had found one of the exterior doors unlocked.
The janitor also testified that Jeff questioned him about the times
that he and other employees came to work.
On July 6, 1993, Sgt. Dove interviewed Jeff. Jeff told Sgt.
Dove that the janitor had discovered him in the Lodge building the
previous week. Jeff stated that he had a 6 a.m. breakfast date
that day, and that when he drove past the Lodge at about 5 a.m. he
saw lights on and became suspicious. He stated that he found an
unlocked door, entered the building, and began to look around when
the janitor confronted him. During the interview, Jeff also discussed his activities
during the 24 hours surrounding the break-in. Jeff stated that on July 4 he and his girlfriend were together at her house in
Belgrade. About 11 p.m., Jeff was called by appellant, who said he
was coming to Bozeman from Missoula, where he lived. Appellant arrived at Jeff's girlfriend's house at about 1:00 or 1:30 a.m. on
the morning of July 5. According to Jeff, he and appellant then
left the house to go drink coffee and later spent the night in Bozeman at the apartment of a friend. The friend had not been
there, but Jeff had his own key to the apartment and had slept
there on previous occasions. Jeff's girlfriend initially stated
that, on the night of the break-in, she also stayed at the
apartment, but later changed her story on this point, stating that
she remained at her house in Belgrade.
5 In her initial interview, Jeff's girlfriend also stated that
Jeff and appellant had returned to her house around 4:30 a.m. on
the morning of July 5. At trial, however, she explained that she
had her days confused, and that on July 5 Jeff and appellant
actually returned around 7:30 a.m. Jeff told Sgt. Dove that on
July 5 he and appellant left Jeff's friend's apartment at 6:00 or
6:30 a.m. and returned to Jeff's girlfriend's house around
7:30 a.m. According to Jeff, he and appellant left Belgrade
shortly thereafter to go fishing near Butte and returned to
Belgrade on the morning of July 6 around 4:30 a.m. Later on the
morning of July 6, appellant left to return to Missoula, and Jeff left to go to work.
On the morning of July 8, the police obtained a search warrant
and searched Jeff's car. They found two bags, one containing
$1727.10 in cash, and the other containing $506.39. They found
marijuana, a marijuana pipe, a small scale, a flashlight, a wrench,
an air canister, two pairs of gloves, a tire iron, and a set of
vending machine keys.
Also, on the morning of July 8, Jeff received a phone call
while he was at his girlfriend's house. Jeff's girlfriend was in
the room with Jeff while he talked on the phone. At trial, the
prosecutor asked her: "On July 8, 1993, did Jeff receive a phone
call at your residence from [appellantl?" She answered, "Yes."
She also testified: "In the room, [Jeff] covered the phone, and he
6 said he wasn't going to go down. And then he said something about
he couldn't say the money was his savings."
On July 12, Sgt. Dove interviewed appellant regarding the Elks Lodge break-in. Before the interview, Dove read appellant his
rights and informed him that Jeff had implicated him in the
break-in. Appellant asked to see Jeff's signed statement, but Sgt.
Dove did not have it with him. Instead, Sgt. Dove played a taped
recording of Jeff's interview. Appellant listened to it, and as
soon as the part of the tape where Jeff implicated him was played,
appellant informed Sgt. Dove that the interview was over.
Appellant stated, "That's the end of the interview. I'm not going
to prison as a snitch."
On August 17, 1993, the District Court granted the State leave
to file an information, which was filed the same day. Both
appellant and Jeff subsequently pled not guilty. On December 29,
1993, Jeff filed a motion to sever his trial from appellant's, but
withdrew that motion on January 7, 1994. On January 10, 1994,
appellant and Jeff were tried together by the same jury. The jury
returned guilty verdicts as to both Jeff and appellant on the
charge of felony theft. However, the jury failed to reach verdicts
on the charges of burglary and criminal mischief. The District
Court declared a mistrial as to those counts, and on January 25,
the court granted the State's motion to dismiss the burglary and criminal mischief charges. On February 10, 1994, appellant filed a motion for a new
trial. Hearing on the motion was held on March 15. Following an
additional hearing on March 29, the District Court denied the motion. On April 4, 1994, the District Court filed sentence and
judgment against appellant. On April 11, appellant filed his
notice of appeal. Was sufficient evidence introduced at trial to sustain a
guilty verdict on the charge of felony theft against appellant?
Appellant argues that the State failed to introduce sufficient evidence at trial upon which reasonable persons could find him
guilty beyond a reasonable doubt.
In reviewing a jury's verdict, this Court has repeatedly
stated that:
[Al defendant is entitled to an acquittal if reasonable persons could not conclude from the evidence taken in the light most favorable to the prosecution that guilt has been proven beyond a reasonable doubt.
State v. Mummey (1994), 264 Mont. 272, 276, 871 P.2d 868, 870
(citing State v. Haskins (1992), 255 Mont. 202, 210, 841 P.Zd 542,
547; State v. Laverdure (lPPO), 241 Mont. 135, 785 P.2d 718; State
v. Doney (1981), 194 Mont. 22, 29, 636 P.Zd 1377, 1381).
The jury in this case found appellant guilty of felony theft.
Section 45-6-301(l), MCA, provides: (1) A person commits the offense of theft when the person purposely or knowingly obtains or exerts unauthorized control over property of the owner and: (a) has the purpose of depriving the owner of the property; (b) purposely or knowingly uses, conceals, or abandons the property in a manner that deprives the owner of the property; or (c) uses, conceals, or abandons the property knowing that the use, concealment, or abandonment probably will deprive the owner of the property.
Section 45-2-101(39), MCA, defines the phrase "obtains or exerts
unauthorized control" as including, but not limited to, "the
taking, the carrying away or the sale, conveyance, or transfer of
title to, interest in, or possession of property." In this case,
we determine that the State failed to prove that appellant obtained
or exerted unauthorized control of the Lodge's property.
The only uncontroverted evidence regarding appellant that was
introduced at trial is as follows: appellant arrived at Jeff's
girlfriend's house in Belgrade between 1:00 and 1:30 a.m. on
July 5; appellant and Jeff left the house shortly after appellant
arrived; appellant and Jeff returned to the house around 7:30 a.m.
and then left again shortly thereafter; appellant and Jeff returned
.to the house on July 6 around 4:30 a.m.; and about 7:30 a.m.
appellant left for Missoula. During an interview with Sgt. Dove on
July 12, appellant stated, "I'm not going to prison as a snitch."
None of these facts establish appellant's unauthorized control of
the items stolen from the Elks Lodge
We hold that the State failed to prove the essential element
of control over the stolen property by appellant and that the State
failed to introduce sufficient evidence to support the jury's
verdict finding appellant guilty of felony theft.
We reverse the judgment of the District Court.
9 Pursuant to Section I, Paragraph 3 (c), Montana Supreme Court
1988 Internal Operating Rules, this decision shall not be cited as
precedent and shall be published by its filing as a public document
with the Clerk of the Supreme Court and by a report of its result
to Montana Law Week, State Reporter and West Publishing Company.
We concur:
- 7,’ - Chief ,Justice V I