State v. Bates

2022 Ohio 3150, 195 N.E.3d 1114

• Court: Ohio Court of Appeals
• Decided: September 8, 2022
• Docket: 22CA00001
• Status: Published

Opinion

[Cite as State v. Bates, 2022-Ohio-3150.]

COURT OF APPEALS KNOX COUNTY, OHIO FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT

STATE OF OHIO : JUDGES: : Hon. Earle E. Wise, Jr., P.J. Plaintiff-Appellee : Hon. John W. Wise, J. : Hon. Craig R. Baldwin, J. -vs- : : DENNIS BATES : Case No. 22CA00001 : Defendant-Appellant : OPINION

CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING: Appeal from the Court of Common Pleas, Case No.21CR02-0026

JUDGMENT: Affirmed

DATE OF JUDGMENT: September 8, 2022

APPEARANCES:

For Plaintiff-Appellee For Defendant-Appellant

CHARLES T. MCCONVILLE JON KLEIN NICOLE E. DERR 101 Heather Lane 117 E. High Street Powell, OH 43065 Suite 234 Mount Vernon, OH 43050 Knox County, Case No. 22CA00001 2

Wise, Earle, P.J.

{¶ 1} Defendant-Appellant Dennis Bates appeals the December 22, 2021

judgment of conviction and sentence of the Knox County Court of Common Pleas.

Plaintiff-Appellee is the state of Ohio.

FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

{¶ 2} Richard McElvain owns a property in Mount Vernon, Ohio which he rented

to appellant herein. Appellant ran his business, Pro Fitness USA out of McElvain's

building.

{¶ 3} In early December, 2020, after appellant failed to pay his rent, McElvain

contacted Attorney Kim Rose of Critchfield, Critchfield, and Johnson (herein Critchfield)

to begin eviction proceedings. McElvain forwarded two messages to Rose that he had

received from appellant after he attempted to collect rent. The first said "your move." The

second was a response from McElvain asking what that meant to which appellant replied

"what will your legacy be?"

{¶ 4} Rose had his associate, Attorney Zachary Dimarco draft a complaint against

appellant for forcible entry and detention. Dimarco filed the complaint in the Mount Vernon

Municipal Court on December 28, 2020.

{¶ 5} On December 30, 2020 appellant appeared at the Critchfield office on Gay

Street in Mount Vernon. Brittany Bowman, a legal assistant with the firm was at the front

desk. Appellant approached and asked to speak with Dimarco. Bowman knew Dimarco

had no appointments scheduled and did not recognize appellant's name. Dimarco was

on the phone and Bowman advised appellant she did not know how long he would be. Knox County, Case No. 22CA00001 3

She requested he take a seat and sent Dimarco an email alerting him to appellant's

presence. Appellant then became impatient when he was not immediately seen.

{¶ 6} Attorney Kim Rose eventually came out to talk to appellant. Rose, a military

veteran, noticed a strange wired device hanging around appellant's neck and believed it

was some sort of improvised explosive device. Appellant was also wearing a mask with

mob or mobster on it. Based on these observations Rose feared things would turn violent

and feared for the safety of himself and Bowman. Rose heard appellant say something

about war as he approached with his arms raised, a letter in one hand, as if to strike Rose.

Appellant's voice was raised and aggressive as he told Rose he was recording their

conversation. Rose hoped the device around appellant's neck was a recording device,

but put himself in between appellant and Bowman to protect Bowman. When Rose asked

appellant if he was threatening him appellant's demeanor instantly changed. He began to

tremble. Rose took the opportunity to tell appellant to leave.

{¶ 7} Rose took the letter from appellant intended for Dimarco and appellant left.

The letter stated appellant had applied for covid relief funds but had not yet received any

funds. He stated when he did, he would sent funds to Dimarco. The letter also contained

non-sensical statements such as "I run the mob."

{¶ 8} Also on December 30, 2021, Rose was made aware of a public post

appellant made on Facebook. The post consisted of a still frame of Rose from the video

and the caption "Got you bitch." Appellant tagged his location for the post as "The

Columbus Bar Association." Because Rose perceived appellant as a threat to himself

and his coworkers, he began routinely checking appellant's Facebook page. Knox County, Case No. 22CA00001 4

{¶ 9} On December 31, 2020, Rose sent a letter to appellant's business advising

him he was not to return to the Critchfield office and if he did, police would be involved.

Appellant responded by sending every attorney in the Critchfield office an email with a

link to his Facebook page and the video he took of Rose. The email subject was "false

accuser." Part of the email read "Let his days be few and let another take his office. Let

his children be fatherless and his wife a widow."

{¶ 10} Even after appellant received Rose's letter, he continued to contact Rose

via email. Rose directed appellant to address any concerns he had to his counsel and

again asked him to refrain from contacting the firm or their client.

{¶ 11} On January 8, 2021 appellant appeared on the sidewalk in front of the

Critchfield office with a sign that read "corrupt attorneys represent pedophiles." Appellant

then publicly posted a picture of himself with the sign on Facebook with the caption "Tick

Tock." Rose took that to be a reference to a bomb.

{¶ 12} On January 14, 2021, appellant made another public Facebook post which

read "What is about to happen will shock the world, boom, boom, boom." Again Rose

perceived the post as a threat of violence.

{¶ 13} Because Rose perceived appellant as a threat to the firm, he implemented

additional security measures. He believed appellant intended to cause him or his

associates physical harm.

{¶ 14} As a result of these events, on February 8, 2021, the Knox County Grand

Jury returned an indictment charging appellant with one count of retaliation in violation of

R.C. 2921.05(A), a felony of the third degree. Knox County, Case No. 22CA00001 5

{¶ 15} Appellant pled not guilty to the charge and opted to proceed to a jury trail

which began November 16, 2021.

{¶ 16} The state called four witnesses and elicited the above outlined facts.

{¶ 17} Appellant testified on his own behalf. He stated he went to the Critchfield

office to give Dimarco a letter to give his landlord to let him know he was going to bring

his rent current. He stated the device around his neck was his iPhone which he used to

record his conversation with Rose. He testified he told Rose "You tell Dimarco I have

strength in counsel" and that he was "Ready for war." He explained what he meant by

this was that he was ready for a legal battle.

{¶ 18} As for the text communication between himself and his landlord, appellant

testified "Your move" meant he did not have his rent payment. Appellant explained "what

will your legacy be" was in reference to alleged conversations between himself and his

landlord to "donate a portion of the building" to appellant's ministry. Appellant testified that

when his landlord was not open to this proposal he sent a text reading "You serve God

with your lips but your heart is far from Him."

{¶ 19} Appellant next explained he posted the still frame of Rose captioned "got

you bitch" to "show others how corrupt Kim Rose is." He further stated he tagged himself

at the Columbus Bar Association when he was not actually there because "a guy like that

should be reported to the bar." In the same vein, he stated he sent a copy of the video of

Rose to everyone at Critchfield "to let them see exactly the kind of corrupt ways that he

was trying to corner me into, you know, with this video." Appellant testified the portion of

the email suggesting Rose's children should be fatherless and his wife a widow was a Knox County, Case No. 22CA00001 6

"prayer against your enemies, people who accuse you falsely." He told the jury this

represented a request for God to take those actions.

{¶ 20} Appellant admitted he ignored the letter from Rose asking that he refrain

from contacting him by sending one or two emails after he received the letter. He justified

this by explaining he was not represented by counsel at the time.

{¶ 21} Appellant testified his demonstration in front of the Critchfield office with the

sign reading "corrupt attorneys protect pedophiles" had nothing to do with the eviction.

Instead, he explained it was in reference to the fact that Rose is the president of the Ariel

Foundation Conservancy which is a local park conservancy. Appellant explained "there's

symbols in that park that have me concerned about pedophilia." Appellant stated he

publicly posted a photo of himself with the sign on Facebook with the caption "Tick Tock"

not in reference to a bomb, but rather in reference to it being a "matter of time before

people that are involved in pedophilia get caught." He further explained that he got the

phrase "Tick Tock" online as it is used in videos he watches that involve investigating and

uncovering pedophilia, child trafficking, and satanic human sacrifice.

{¶ 22} As for his public Facebook post declaring "What is about to happen will

shock the world, boom, boom, boom," appellant again testified this was not in reference

to a bomb, but rather " truth that's coming out, truth bombs." Again, appellant stated this

statement had something to do with pedophilia and human trafficking.

{¶ 23} After hearing all the evidence and deliberating, the jury found appellant

guilty as charged. He was subsequently sentenced to two years incarceration.

{¶ 24} Appellant timely filed an appeal and the matter is now before this court for

consideration. He raises two assignments of error as follow: Knox County, Case No. 22CA00001 7

I

{¶ 25} "THE EVIDENCE IS INSUFFICIENT TO SUPPORT THE APPELLANTS

RETALIATION CONVICTION."

II

{¶ 26} "APPELLANT'S CONVICTION FOR RETALIATION WAS AGAINST THE

MANIFEST WEIGHT OF THE EVIDENCE."

I, II

{¶ 27} In his first and second assignments of error, appellant makes the same

argument.1 Specifically, appellant argues his conviction for retaliation is not supported by

sufficient evidence because the retaliation statute applies only to conduct which occurs

after a judgment has been rendered. We disagree.

Sufficiency and Manifest Weight

{¶ 28} On review for sufficiency, a reviewing court is to examine the evidence at

trial to determine whether such evidence, if believed, would support a conviction. State v.

Jenks, 61 Ohio St.3d 259, 574 N.E.2d 492 (1991). "The relevant inquiry is whether, after

viewing the evidence in a light most favorable to the prosecution, any rational trier of fact

could have found the essential elements of the crime proven beyond a reasonable doubt."

Jenks at paragraph two of the syllabus, following Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 99

1 Although appellant states his conviction is against the manifest weight of the evidence, he makes identical arguments in his first and second assignments of error, failing to make any manifest weight argument in his second assignment of error. Knox County, Case No. 22CA00001 8

S.Ct. 2781, 61 L.Ed.2d 560 (1979). On review for manifest weight, a reviewing court is to

examine the entire record, weigh the evidence and all reasonable inferences, consider

the credibility of witnesses and determine "whether in resolving conflicts in the evidence,

the jury clearly lost its way and created such a manifest miscarriage of justice that the

conviction must be reversed and a new trial ordered." State v. Martin, 20 Ohio App.3d

172, 175, 485 N.E.2d 717 (1st Dist.1983). See also, State v. Thompkins, 78 Ohio St.3d

380, 678 N.E.2d 541 (1997). The granting of a new trial "should be exercised only in the

exceptional case in which the evidence weighs heavily against the conviction." Martin at

175.

Retaliation

{¶ 29} Appellant was charged with retaliation pursuant to R.C. 2921.05(A). That

section states in relevant part "No person, purposely and by force or by unlawful threat of

harm to any person or property, shall retaliate against * * * an attorney or witness who

was involved in a civil or criminal action or proceeding because the * * * attorney * * *

discharged the duties of the * * *attorney * * *.

Appellant's Argument

{¶ 30} Appellant argues that because nearly all of the conduct alleged took place

before the eviction was complete, the proper charge was intimidation, not retaliation.

Based on this premise, he argues the state failed to produce sufficient evidence to support

a conviction for retaliation. We disagree.

{¶ 31} We first note that on multiple occasions this court has affirmed convictions

for retaliation in cases where the offense was committed before the conclusion of any

underlying action. See State v. Nash, 5th Dist. No.1999CA00295, 2000 WL 502675 (Apr. Knox County, Case No. 22CA00001 9

3, 2000) *3; State v. Goodwin, 5th Dist. No.2003 CA 0074, 2004-Ohio-2482, ¶ 26-28;

State v. Matthews, 5th Dist. Fairfield No. 12-CA-35, 2013-Ohio-2183, ¶ 9-15.

{¶ 32} Next, in support of his argument, appellant cites State v. Johnson, 4th Dist.

Scioto No. 07CA3158, 2008-Ohio-1369. In that matter, the Fourth District found any

action before a judicial decision is intimidation, while any action after a judicial decision is

retaliation. The Johnson court based this conclusion on the past-tense language in R.C.

2921.05, specifically the use of "was involved." Id. at ¶ 18.

{¶ 33} The reasoning in Johnson, however, has been rejected by the Eleventh

District in State v. Ott, 11th Dist. No. 2007-P-0093, 2008-Ohio-4049. The Ott court

addressed the past-tense language at ¶ 51:

We believe the legislature's use of the word "was" applies to the

public servant's, party official's, attorney's, or witness' involvement in

the civil or criminal action. We do not believe, as the Fourth District

has held, that it applies to the entire underlying proceeding. See

State v. Johnson, 2008-Ohio-1369, at ¶ 18. Moreover, the intent of

the legislature can be discerned from the remaining language, which

provides that the designated individual in the statute "discharged the

duties of the public servant, party official, attorney, or witness." The

use of the word "discharged" suggests that the legislature intended

the statute to apply following the requisite individual's discharge of

some or all of that person's duties. Knox County, Case No. 22CA00001 10

{¶ 34} The Ott court went on to find:

We believe the better approach is to look at the underlying nature of

the offender's conduct. If the evidence shows that the offender

attempted to influence, intimidate, or hinder a designated individual

in the discharge of that person's duty, then the offender is guilty of

intimidation in violation of R.C. 2921.03. If, however, the evidence

demonstrates the offender's actions are in response to the

designated individual already discharging some or all of his or her

duties, then the offender is guilty of retaliation in violation of R.C.

2921.05.

{¶ 35} We agree with the findings of the Ott court. Applied to the instant matter,

the evidence demonstrated appellant acted in response to an eviction proceeding filed

against him by Dimarco and handled by Rose. Dimarco and Rose, by virtue of filing the

eviction, had discharged some of their duties to their client when appellant engaged in his

disorderly and intimidating behavior. We find this evidence sufficient to support

appellant's conviction for retaliation.

{¶ 36} For the forgoing reasons, appellant's first and second assignments of error

are overruled. Knox County, Case No. 22CA00001 11

{¶ 37} The judgment of the Knox County Court of Common Pleas is affirmed.

By Wise, Earle, P.J.

Wise, John, J. and

Baldwin, J. concur.

EEW/rw