[Cite as State v. Balfour, 2012-Ohio-3453.]
Court of Appeals of Ohio EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA
JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION No. 97547
STATE OF OHIO PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE
vs.
DA’LEON BALFOUR DEFENDANT-APPELLANT
JUDGMENT: AFFIRMED
Criminal Appeal from the Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas Case No. CR-540182
BEFORE: Kilbane, J., Stewart, P.J., and Keough, J.
RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: August 2, 2012 ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT
Aaron T. Baker Aaron T. Baker Co., L.P.A. 38109 Euclid Avenue Willoughby, Ohio 44094
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
William D. Mason Cuyahoga County Prosecutor Donna Blough Thomas Assistant County Prosecutor The Justice Center - 8th Floor 1200 Ontario Street Cleveland, Ohio 44113 MARY EILEEN KILBANE, J.:
{¶1} Defendant-appellant, Da’Leon Balfour (“Balfour”), appeals his convictions
for criminal nonsupport. Finding no merit to the appeal, we affirm.
{¶2} In July 2010, Balfour was charged with two counts of criminal nonsupport
under R.C. 2919.21(A)(2). Count 1 alleged that Balfour recklessly failed to provide
adequate support to his minor child, H.B. (d.o.b. 05/19/03), with the dates of the offense
from April 1, 2006 to March 31, 2008. Count 2 alleged that Balfour recklessly failed to
provide adequate support to H.B., with the dates of the offense from April 1, 2008 to
March 31, 2010. Both counts carried a furthermore clause stating that Balfour failed to
provide support for a total accumulated period of 26 weeks out of 104 consecutive weeks.
The matter proceeded to a jury trial, at which the following evidence was adduced.
{¶3} Paulina Raspovic (“Raspovic”), a support officer for the Cuyahoga County
Child Support Enforcement Agency (“CSEA”), testified that she handles cases in the
criminal nonsupport caseload. In May 2004, CSEA ordered Balfour, as H.B.’s father, to
pay $232.53 per month in child support. At the time of this order, Balfour was
unemployed, but the support order was based on an imputed annual income of $14,560
and hourly wage of $7.00/hour due to Balfour’s education and recent work history.
{¶4} In August 2008, the Juvenile Court Division of the Cuyahoga County
Common Pleas Court held a contempt hearing for Balfour’s failure to pay child support. The court found Balfour in contempt of the CSEA order and ordered $8,691.61 in arrears.
The court ordered Balfour to 30 days in jail, but suspended the sentence. In February
2009, CSEA filed a motion to execute sentence. The court held a hearing on the motion
in April 2009. Balfour failed to appear at this hearing so the trial court issued a capias
for Balfour’s arrest. Raspovic further testified that Balfour failed to make any payments
from April 1, 2006 to March 31, 2008 and Balfour made five payments from April 1,
2008 to March 31, 2010. She testified that Balfour missed 26 weeks out of a 104
consecutive weeks of payments during both time periods.
{¶5} Thomas Thiry, Chief Financial Officer of Dave’s Supermarkets, testified
that Balfour worked at Dave’s from June 30, 2008 to August 23, 2008. Balfour was
terminated during his probationary period. While Balfour was employed at Dave’s,
$238.42 was taken out of his paycheck for child support payments.
{¶6} Tej Singh testified that she owns three Subway Restaurants. Balfour worked
for her May 15, 2007 to June 30, 2007. Balfour earned a total of $1,852.92 while
working for Singh. Balfour was fired when he failed to show up for work without
explanation.
{¶7} Balfour testified on his own behalf. He testified that he has been homeless
for the past four years, “sleep[ing] on porches or whosoever’s house [he] can stay at.”
He used to live in his grandmother’s house and still uses his grandmother’s address. His
mother kicked him out of the house four years ago. He never graduated from high
school. At the time of trial, Balfour had two other children born after H.B., a two-year-old son and a nine-month-old daughter. Balfour testified that he does not have
a support order for these children. Balfour further testified that he does not currently
own a car, but has previously owned two cars. Balfour is skilled at automobile repair
and selling car parts. Balfour currently is employed as a dishwasher at a restaurant.
{¶8} On cross-examination, Balfour testified that he is aware of the court order
to pay child support. Balfour acknowledged that he did not pay any child support from
April 1, 2006 to March 31, 2008 and a total of $415 from April 1, 2008 to March 31,
2010. He further testified that he missed 26 weeks out of a 104 consecutive weeks of
payments during both time periods. He testified that he never notified CSEA that he was
homeless.
{¶9} Balfour worked at AutoZone for seven months sometime between 2005 and
2006 and made $8,000. Balfour acknowledged that he owned two cars during the
indictment period. He junked a third car for $200 and did not give any of that money to
CSEA. Balfour further testified that he does not have any health problems, which would
prevent him from getting a job. He testified that he attempted to find work, but does not
have paperwork documenting that he applied for any jobs during the indictment periods.
{¶10} At the conclusion of trial, the jury found Balfour guilty of both counts. The
trial court sentenced Balfour to five years of community control sanctions on each of
Counts 1 and 2.
{¶11} Balfour now appeals, raising the following single assignment of error for
review. ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR
The trial court erred in finding [Balfour] guilty against the manifest weight of the evidence.
{¶12} In his sole assignment of error, Balfour argues that his convictions are
against the manifest weight of the evidence.
{¶13} With regard to a manifest weight challenge, the
reviewing court asks whose evidence is more persuasive — the state’s or the defendant’s? * * * “When a court of appeals reverses a judgment of a trial court on the basis that the verdict is against the weight of the evidence, the appellate court sits as a ‘thirteenth juror’ and disagrees with the factfinder’s resolution of the conflicting testimony. [State v. Thompkins, 78 Ohio St.3d 380, 387, 678 N.E.2d 541 (1997)], citing [Tibbs v. Florida, 457 U.S. 31, 42, 102 S.Ct. 2211, 72 L.Ed.2d 652 (1982)].
State v. Wilson, 113 Ohio St.3d 382, 2007-Ohio-2202, 865 N.E.2d 1264, ¶ 25.
{¶14} Moreover, an appellate court may not merely substitute its view for that of
the jury, but must find that “‘in resolving conflicts in the evidence, the jury clearly lost its
way and created such a manifest miscarriage of justice that the conviction must be
reversed and a new trial ordered.’” Thompkins at 387, quoting State v. Martin, 20 Ohio
App.3d 172, 485 N.E.2d 717 (1st Dist.1983). Accordingly, reversal on manifest weight
grounds is reserved for “‘the exceptional case in which the evidence weighs heavily
against the conviction.’” Id., quoting Martin.
{¶15} In the instant case, Balfour was convicted of criminal nonsupport under R.C.
2919.21(A)(2), which provides in pertinent part: “[n]o person shall abandon, or fail to
provide adequate support to * * * [t]he person’s child who is under age eighteen[.]”
R.C.
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[Cite as State v. Balfour, 2012-Ohio-3453.]
Court of Appeals of Ohio EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA
JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION No. 97547
STATE OF OHIO PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE
vs.
DA’LEON BALFOUR DEFENDANT-APPELLANT
JUDGMENT: AFFIRMED
Criminal Appeal from the Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas Case No. CR-540182
BEFORE: Kilbane, J., Stewart, P.J., and Keough, J.
RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: August 2, 2012 ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT
Aaron T. Baker Aaron T. Baker Co., L.P.A. 38109 Euclid Avenue Willoughby, Ohio 44094
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
William D. Mason Cuyahoga County Prosecutor Donna Blough Thomas Assistant County Prosecutor The Justice Center - 8th Floor 1200 Ontario Street Cleveland, Ohio 44113 MARY EILEEN KILBANE, J.:
{¶1} Defendant-appellant, Da’Leon Balfour (“Balfour”), appeals his convictions
for criminal nonsupport. Finding no merit to the appeal, we affirm.
{¶2} In July 2010, Balfour was charged with two counts of criminal nonsupport
under R.C. 2919.21(A)(2). Count 1 alleged that Balfour recklessly failed to provide
adequate support to his minor child, H.B. (d.o.b. 05/19/03), with the dates of the offense
from April 1, 2006 to March 31, 2008. Count 2 alleged that Balfour recklessly failed to
provide adequate support to H.B., with the dates of the offense from April 1, 2008 to
March 31, 2010. Both counts carried a furthermore clause stating that Balfour failed to
provide support for a total accumulated period of 26 weeks out of 104 consecutive weeks.
The matter proceeded to a jury trial, at which the following evidence was adduced.
{¶3} Paulina Raspovic (“Raspovic”), a support officer for the Cuyahoga County
Child Support Enforcement Agency (“CSEA”), testified that she handles cases in the
criminal nonsupport caseload. In May 2004, CSEA ordered Balfour, as H.B.’s father, to
pay $232.53 per month in child support. At the time of this order, Balfour was
unemployed, but the support order was based on an imputed annual income of $14,560
and hourly wage of $7.00/hour due to Balfour’s education and recent work history.
{¶4} In August 2008, the Juvenile Court Division of the Cuyahoga County
Common Pleas Court held a contempt hearing for Balfour’s failure to pay child support. The court found Balfour in contempt of the CSEA order and ordered $8,691.61 in arrears.
The court ordered Balfour to 30 days in jail, but suspended the sentence. In February
2009, CSEA filed a motion to execute sentence. The court held a hearing on the motion
in April 2009. Balfour failed to appear at this hearing so the trial court issued a capias
for Balfour’s arrest. Raspovic further testified that Balfour failed to make any payments
from April 1, 2006 to March 31, 2008 and Balfour made five payments from April 1,
2008 to March 31, 2010. She testified that Balfour missed 26 weeks out of a 104
consecutive weeks of payments during both time periods.
{¶5} Thomas Thiry, Chief Financial Officer of Dave’s Supermarkets, testified
that Balfour worked at Dave’s from June 30, 2008 to August 23, 2008. Balfour was
terminated during his probationary period. While Balfour was employed at Dave’s,
$238.42 was taken out of his paycheck for child support payments.
{¶6} Tej Singh testified that she owns three Subway Restaurants. Balfour worked
for her May 15, 2007 to June 30, 2007. Balfour earned a total of $1,852.92 while
working for Singh. Balfour was fired when he failed to show up for work without
explanation.
{¶7} Balfour testified on his own behalf. He testified that he has been homeless
for the past four years, “sleep[ing] on porches or whosoever’s house [he] can stay at.”
He used to live in his grandmother’s house and still uses his grandmother’s address. His
mother kicked him out of the house four years ago. He never graduated from high
school. At the time of trial, Balfour had two other children born after H.B., a two-year-old son and a nine-month-old daughter. Balfour testified that he does not have
a support order for these children. Balfour further testified that he does not currently
own a car, but has previously owned two cars. Balfour is skilled at automobile repair
and selling car parts. Balfour currently is employed as a dishwasher at a restaurant.
{¶8} On cross-examination, Balfour testified that he is aware of the court order
to pay child support. Balfour acknowledged that he did not pay any child support from
April 1, 2006 to March 31, 2008 and a total of $415 from April 1, 2008 to March 31,
2010. He further testified that he missed 26 weeks out of a 104 consecutive weeks of
payments during both time periods. He testified that he never notified CSEA that he was
homeless.
{¶9} Balfour worked at AutoZone for seven months sometime between 2005 and
2006 and made $8,000. Balfour acknowledged that he owned two cars during the
indictment period. He junked a third car for $200 and did not give any of that money to
CSEA. Balfour further testified that he does not have any health problems, which would
prevent him from getting a job. He testified that he attempted to find work, but does not
have paperwork documenting that he applied for any jobs during the indictment periods.
{¶10} At the conclusion of trial, the jury found Balfour guilty of both counts. The
trial court sentenced Balfour to five years of community control sanctions on each of
Counts 1 and 2.
{¶11} Balfour now appeals, raising the following single assignment of error for
review. ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR
The trial court erred in finding [Balfour] guilty against the manifest weight of the evidence.
{¶12} In his sole assignment of error, Balfour argues that his convictions are
against the manifest weight of the evidence.
{¶13} With regard to a manifest weight challenge, the
reviewing court asks whose evidence is more persuasive — the state’s or the defendant’s? * * * “When a court of appeals reverses a judgment of a trial court on the basis that the verdict is against the weight of the evidence, the appellate court sits as a ‘thirteenth juror’ and disagrees with the factfinder’s resolution of the conflicting testimony. [State v. Thompkins, 78 Ohio St.3d 380, 387, 678 N.E.2d 541 (1997)], citing [Tibbs v. Florida, 457 U.S. 31, 42, 102 S.Ct. 2211, 72 L.Ed.2d 652 (1982)].
State v. Wilson, 113 Ohio St.3d 382, 2007-Ohio-2202, 865 N.E.2d 1264, ¶ 25.
{¶14} Moreover, an appellate court may not merely substitute its view for that of
the jury, but must find that “‘in resolving conflicts in the evidence, the jury clearly lost its
way and created such a manifest miscarriage of justice that the conviction must be
reversed and a new trial ordered.’” Thompkins at 387, quoting State v. Martin, 20 Ohio
App.3d 172, 485 N.E.2d 717 (1st Dist.1983). Accordingly, reversal on manifest weight
grounds is reserved for “‘the exceptional case in which the evidence weighs heavily
against the conviction.’” Id., quoting Martin.
{¶15} In the instant case, Balfour was convicted of criminal nonsupport under R.C.
2919.21(A)(2), which provides in pertinent part: “[n]o person shall abandon, or fail to
provide adequate support to * * * [t]he person’s child who is under age eighteen[.]”
R.C. 2929.21(G) elevates the crime to a fifth degree felony when the offender fails to provide support for a total accumulated period of 26 weeks out of 104 consecutive weeks.
Balfour argues his convictions were against the manifest weight of the evidence because
he met the affirmative defense set forth in R.C. 2919.21(D), which provides that:
[i]t is an affirmative defense to a charge of failure to provide adequate support under division (A) of this section * * * that the accused was unable to provide adequate support or the established support but did provide the support that was within the accused’s ability and means.
He claims that he was unable to meet his support obligations, despite his best efforts.
{¶16} To establish this affirmative defense, Balfour was required to demonstrate,
by a preponderance of the evidence, that he was unable to provide adequate support “but
did provide the support that was within [his] ability and means.” R.C. 2919.21(D); R.C.
2901.05(A). In proving this affirmative defense “a lack of means cannot excuse a lack
of effort on the part of the accused.” State v. Wheat, 6th Dist. No. 92WD090, 1993 Ohio
App. LEXIS 4970 (Oct. 15, 1993), citing State v. Brown, 5 Ohio App.3d 220, 451 N.E.2d
1232 (5th Dist.1982).
{¶17} The evidence indicates that Balfour failed to make any payments from April
1, 2006 to March 31, 2008, and that he made five payments totaling $415 from April 1,
2008 to March 31, 2010. Balfour acknowledged that he missed 26 weeks out of a 104
consecutive weeks of payments during both time periods. Balfour testified that he was
“basically homeless” during this time. He claims that he used his “best efforts” to pay
his child support obligation. However, he did not have any documentation supporting
the efforts he made to get a job. He had a job at AutoZone from 2005 to 2006, at which
he made $8,000. Then in 2007 and 2008, Balfour had a job with Subway and Dave’s Supermarket, but quickly lost both jobs because of his own actions. Additionally,
Balfour testified that he did not have any health problems that would prevent him from
working, and that he was skilled at fixing cars and selling car parts. He also testified
that he received $200 for a junked car and did not send any of those proceeds to CSEA.
{¶18} The jury heard this testimony and was instructed on the affirmative defense.
The jury, however, chose to convict Balfour of both counts of criminal nonsupport.
“Because the trier of fact sees and hears the witnesses at trial, we must defer to the fact
finder’s decisions whether, and to what extent, to credit the testimony of particular
witnesses.” State v. Dawson, 2d Dist. No. 24558. 2012-Ohio-627, ¶ 23, citing State v.
Lawson, 2d Dist. No. 16288, 1997 Ohio App. LEXIS 3709 (Aug. 22, 1997) (where the
Second District Court of Appeals rejected appellant’s argument that his conviction for
criminal nonsupport was against the manifest weight of the evidence because of the
affirmative defense in R.C. 2919.21(D)). Thus, based on the record before us, we
cannot say the jury “clearly lost its way” in finding Balfour guilty of criminal nonsupport.
{¶19} The sole assignment of error is overruled.
{¶20} Judgment is affirmed.
It is ordered that appellee recover from appellant costs herein taxed.
It is ordered that a special mandate issue out of this court directing the common
pleas court to carry this judgment into execution. The defendant’s convictions having
been affirmed, any bail pending appeal is terminated. A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule 27 of
the Rules of Appellate Procedure.
MARY EILEEN KILBANE, JUDGE
MELODY J. STEWART, P.J., and KATHLEEN ANN KEOUGH, J., CONCUR