State v. Baillargeon

470 A.2d 915, 124 N.H. 355, 1983 N.H. LEXIS 422
CourtSupreme Court of New Hampshire
DecidedDecember 29, 1983
DocketNo. 82-121
StatusPublished
Cited by10 cases

This text of 470 A.2d 915 (State v. Baillargeon) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Supreme Court of New Hampshire primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
State v. Baillargeon, 470 A.2d 915, 124 N.H. 355, 1983 N.H. LEXIS 422 (N.H. 1983).

Opinion

Brock, J.

The defendant was indicted by the Coos County Grand Jury for the crime of second-degree murder. RSA 630:l-b, 1(b). At the conclusion of his trial, the Superior Court (Dunn, J.) instructed the jury that it could find the defendant guilty either of second-degree murder or of the lesser-included offense of manslaughter. RSA 630:2,1(b) (Supp. 1983).

When the jury returned from its deliberations, the clerk of court asked whether it had found the defendant guilty or not guilty. The foreman responded “Guilty”, without specifying to which offense the verdict referred. Neither the court nor counsel noted any ambiguity in the verdict until well after the jury had been discharged. The defendant was sentenced to eighteen years to life in the State prison, clearly on the assumption that he had been convicted of the more serious charge. The maximum penalty for manslaughter is thirty years. RSA 630:2, II (Supp. 1983).

[359]*359While there is no clear precedent in this State, other jurisdictions are generally in agreement on the result in such cases. If the evidence could have supported a conviction for either offense, and there is nothing in the record to indicate which offense was meant, a verdict of this type is “unalterably ambiguous” and a conviction on the greater charge cannot stand. See, e.g., Glenn v. United States, 420 F.2d 1323 (D.C. Cir. 1969); State v. Fungone, 134 N.J. Super. 531, 342 A.2d 236 (1975).

The courts disagree on whether the proper remedy is a new trial, Glenn v. United States supra, or an order that a conviction be entered on the lesser charge, State v. Fungone supra; Kreiser v. People, 199 Colo. 20, 604 P.2d 27 (1979); cf. United States v. Quicksey, 525 F.2d 337 (4th Cir. 1975), cert. denied, 423 U.S. 1087 (1976) (if government did not consent to resentencing on the lesser charge, court would remand for a new trial). The cases agree, however, that once the jury has been discharged, an incomplete or otherwise defective verdict cannot be mended by recalling the jury. See, e.g., LeMelle v. Commonwealth, 302 S.E.2d 38 (Va. 1983).

Because we are remanding this case for a new trial on other grounds, we need not decide what disposition would be proper in a case in which an ambiguous verdict was the only error. We strongly urge, however, that future ambiguities of this type be averted if possible, or else corrected by prompt action before the jury is discharged.

The defendant was indicted in connection with the death of his eight-month-old daughter. An autopsy indicated that death had resulted from a cerebral hemorrhage of a type generally caused either by blows to the head or by violent shaking. The autopsy also revealed approximately twenty-six bruises on the baby’s head. The examining physician testified at trial that, although one blow can produce several bruises, the wide distribution of the bruises in this case indicated that several blows must have been struck. He also testified that it was most likely that the baby had been injured within twelve hours of her death, which occurred at 11 p.m. on March 3, 1981. There was conflicting testimony from another pathologist, who had not attended the autopsy but had examined the relevant specimens, slides, and other materials: he stated that the interval between injury and death could have been as much as thirty hours.

When the defendant was questioned by police shortly after his daughter's death, he admitted that he had been alone with her on March 3 from at least 11 a.m., when he awoke, until shortly before 3 [360]*360p.m., when he took the baby to a hospital. It is undisputed that the defendant’s wife left their house shortly before 6 o’clock that morning. The defendant denied that he had struck the baby and also denied that the baby had fallen. Arrested on March 13, 1981, and indicted on April 22,1981, he continued to deny any mistreatment of his daughter.

On December 3, 1981, eleven days before the start of his trial, the defendant submitted to a polygraph test administered by the State Police. Defendant’s attorney, who had approved the test, agreed with the trooper administering the test that the defendant would be asked a series of questions, of which only two would be “relevant” to the case: both sought to ascertain whether the defendant had struck his daughter. The attorney was informed that he could not be present during the test, and that the defendant would have to sign a waiver of his Miranda rights before the test began. See Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436 (1966). The attorney was not informed that a second trooper would be monitoring the test by means of a one-way mirror and a listening device.

The defendant signed the waiver of Miranda rights. He was then questioned for about two hours and seventeen minutes. At some point during that period, the trooper operating the polygraph turned off the machine and informed the defendant that his answers were not completely truthful. He then continued to question the defendant and elicited inculpatory statements which, after the defendant’s motion to suppress them was denied, were introduced into evidence at trial.

The trial judge ruled the statements admissible on the condition that no mention be made of their context, i.e., the taking of a polygraph test. His ruling was based on the apparent lack of any “subtle, psychological persuasion” exerted on the defendant by the trooper conducting the test. The defendant excepted to the court’s ruling, and asserts on this appeal that the ruling was error because “[tjhere was no permission given or requested to go beyond the scope of [the agreed-upon] questions, nor any waiver of the defendant’s constitutional rights against self-incrimination and right of effective counsel beyond the scope of the examination agreed upon.”

The State responds that the defendant’s statements were made in response to “reiteration” of the two relevant questions, that is, within the agreed-upon context of the test; that he waived his rights before taking the test and never reasserted them; and that in any case he did not raise any issue of constitutional rights in his motion to suppress the statements. We find these arguments unpersuasive.

First, we note that the motion to suppress asserted that the [361]*361defendant’s attorney had been excluded from the polygraph test room during the entire test period, including the “follow-up” questioning. While perhaps not artfully pleaded, this assertion could hardly be construed as anything other than a claim of violation of the defendant’s right to counsel, in one or more of its various forms. See N.H. Const, pt. I, art. 15; U.S. Const, amends. V, VI, XIV.

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Bluebook (online)
470 A.2d 915, 124 N.H. 355, 1983 N.H. LEXIS 422, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/state-v-baillargeon-nh-1983.