State v. Arnett

799 P.2d 687, 104 Or. App. 180, 1990 Ore. App. LEXIS 1402
CourtCourt of Appeals of Oregon
DecidedOctober 24, 1990
Docket88CR-1524, 88CR-1707; CA A50650
StatusPublished
Cited by1 cases

This text of 799 P.2d 687 (State v. Arnett) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals of Oregon primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
State v. Arnett, 799 P.2d 687, 104 Or. App. 180, 1990 Ore. App. LEXIS 1402 (Or. Ct. App. 1990).

Opinion

DEITS, J.

In trial court case number 88CR-1524, defendant was convicted for manufacturing and possessing a controlled substance, first degree burglary, second degree theft; in trial court case number 88CR-1707, he was convicted for possession of a controlled substance. ORS 164.045; ORS 164.225; ORS 475.992(1) and (4). On appeal, he argues that the court erred in not granting a part of his motion to suppress evidence obtained in a search of his house1 for evidence of the burglary, including evidence that was used to convict him of manufacturing and possessing a controlled substance. He also argues that the court erred in denying his motion for acquittal on the burglary charge. He further contends that the court erred in denying his motion to suppress evidence found in a second search, incident to his arrest for frequenting a place where controlled substances were used, because there was not probable cause to arrest him. Although he was not convicted of the frequenting charge, he was convicted of possession of a controlled substance on the basis of that evidence.

In July, 1988, Esta Keeney reported to the police that her house had been burglarized while she was on vacation and that a television, a VCR and a jewelry box were missing. She told the police that she suspected defendant, who lived across the street and who had watered her garden while she was gone. Officer King went to defendant’s house, but he was not home, so he left a message for defendant to call him. Defendant went to the police station the next day. King told defendant about the burglary report and asked if he knew anything about it. Defendant said that he did not. King asked if he could search his house, and defendant replied, “I have no problem; I have nothing to hide.” King told defendant that he was on his way to a call but would get back to him.

King soon discovered that he was not needed at the call and went immediately to defendant’s house. On the way, he saw defendant and a friend on the street near defendant’s home. King said that he would meet defendant at the house, and defendant agreed. When King arrived at the house, he [183]*183waited for defendant. Defendant’s friend soon arrived and told King that defendant had gone in the back door of the house. King went to the back door and knocked. A small girl opened the door. From the open door, King could see into a bedroom where defendant was climbing down out of the top of a closet. A woman let King in, and he went to the bedroom where defendant was. He said to defendant, “Well, if you don’t mind, I’ll just start my search here in this bedroom.” Defendant told him to go ahead. King looked in the closet and found a jewelry box on the floor. When King said that he was going to continue the search in the closet, defendant told him not to. The victim was brought to the house and identified the jewelry box as hers.

At that time, King informed defendant of his rights and arrested him for burglary. Defendant began to resist, so King called for assistance. Officer Pattingale arrived within five minutes, and defendant was handcuffed and seated in the dining room. The other people in the house left right after the arrest. King believed that he would find the stolen television and VCR in the top of the closet because he had seen defendant climb down from there. While Pattingale and defendant remained in the dining and living rooms, King shined a flashlight in the closet, saw a trap door in its ceiling, opened it and discovered marijuana plants.

Defendant argues that the trial court erred in refusing to suppress evidence found in the bedroom closet and attic of his home. The court found that defendant consented to the search of the bedroom until King found the jewelry box, after which he withdrew his consent. Defendant contends that he did not consent to any search. He argues that he did not agree at the police station to allow King to search his house that day but that he agreed to a search at a future date. He asserts that his agreement at the house to the search was not voluntary, but that he merely acquiesced to a show of authority by the police.

We conclude that defendant consented to a search of his house during his encounter with King at the police station. He did not limit the time of the search, nor did he request that a specific time be prearranged. When he later met King on the street and at his house, he again consented. We hold that defendant’s consent was voluntary. There is no indication [184]*184that he was subjected to any express or implied coercion or that his free will was hampered. State v. Kennedy, 290 Or 493, 502, 624 P2d 99 (1981).

The trial court correctly found that defendant withdrew his consent after King discovered the jewelry box in the closet. Nonetheless, it held that the warrantless search of the attic was justified, because there was probable cause and exigent circumstances.2 We agree that there was probable cause, but not that there were exigent circumstances.

To establish probable cause, under the Oregon Constitution, an officer must actually believe, on the basis of his training and experience and the facts known to him, that a crime has been committed and that evidence will be found in the place to be searched, and the belief must be reasonable under the circumstances. State v. Owens, 302 Or 196, 204, 729 P2d 524 (1986). King’s belief that there was evidence in the attic was reasonable because Keeney had told him that she suspected defendant had committed the burglary, defendant had slipped in the back door knowing that King was waiting at the front door for him, King had seen defendant coming down from the top of the closet and he had found the jewelry box belonging to Keeney in the same closet.

Although there was probable cause for the search, there were not exigent circumstances. The theory underlying the exigent circumstances exception to the warrant requirements of Article I, section 9, and the Fourth Amendment is practical necessity. In some instances, the societal interest in a warrantless search or seizure outweighs the interest in requiring prior approval of such governmental action. The exception includes many diverse situations, such as when delay would present a risk that evidence would be destroyed or when there is a danger to the arresting officers or others. State v. Peller, 287 Or 255, 262, 598 P2d 684 (1979); State v. Ritter, 71 Or App 282, 692 P2d 158 (1984). We hold that, in this case, there was not sufficient evidence to show that the warrantless search was necessary. There was no indication that the objects might be hidden or destroyed while the officers were seeking a [185]*185search warrant. Defendant was handcuffed and was being guarded by an officer in another room, and the other occupants of the house had left.

The state contends that the search may also be justified as a search incident to arrest, which is permissible if it is reasonable in time, scope and intensity. State v. Smith, 103 Or App 113, 116, 796 P2d 665 (1990). As we noted in Smith, traditional reasons for permitting a search incident to arrest include protecting the arresting officer, depriving the arrested person of the means of escape and avoiding the destruction of evidence.

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Related

State v. Lander
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Bluebook (online)
799 P.2d 687, 104 Or. App. 180, 1990 Ore. App. LEXIS 1402, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/state-v-arnett-orctapp-1990.