State v. Allen

707 So. 2d 72, 1998 WL 34108
CourtLouisiana Court of Appeal
DecidedJanuary 14, 1998
Docket97-KA-696
StatusPublished
Cited by3 cases

This text of 707 So. 2d 72 (State v. Allen) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Louisiana Court of Appeal primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
State v. Allen, 707 So. 2d 72, 1998 WL 34108 (La. Ct. App. 1998).

Opinion

707 So.2d 72 (1998)

STATE of Louisiana
v.
Gordon ALLEN.

No. 97-KA-696.

Court of Appeal of Louisiana, Fifth Circuit.

January 14, 1998.

*74 Laurie A. White, Louisiana Appellate Project, New Orleans, for Appellant/Defendant.

Paul D. Connick, Jr., District Attorney, Alison Wallis, Assistant District Attorney, Gretna, Louise Korns of counsel to the Office of District Attorney, Gretna, for Plaintiff/Appellee.

WICKER, Judge.

Gordon Allen was charged by Bill of Information with attempted first degree murder in violation of La.R.S. 14:27-30, and illegal carrying of a weapon by a convicted felon in violation of La.R.S. 14:95.1.[1] The defendant was tried on the charge of attempted first degree murder. After closing arguments, the twelve person jury began deliberations. The judge released the jurors without sequestering them. The jury returned for further deliberations the following morning[2] and unanimously returned with the responsive verdict of guilty of attempted manslaughter. The trial judge subsequently sentenced the defendant to serve twenty (20) years at hard labor. The defendant now appeals. We affirm the conviction and sentence.

The defendant assigns as errors the following: (1) the insufficiency of the evidence; (2) the pressure reportedly placed on the jury to reach a verdict; (3) the trial judge's failure to remind the jury it could return a verdict of not guilty, and (4) the ineffective assistance of counsel.

JURY PRESSURE

By this assignment of error, the defendant contends that he was denied his right to a fair trial because the trial judge unduly pressured the jury to reach a verdict by asking the jurors after deliberations had begun how late they wanted to work. The state contends that this assignment of error is moot since the trial judge did not force the jurors to stay and deliberate, but rather let them leave. The record reflects that the jury retired to deliberate at 7:29 p.m. At 9:55 p.m., the trial judge called the jurors into the courtroom and carefully explained to them he wanted a "feel" for how late they wanted to work that evening while giving them the option of returning the following morning to continue. Defense counsel objected on the basis he felt this discussion was placing pressure on the jury. The trial judge explained he was merely asking the jurors for a "reading" of how long they wanted to work.

After discussing the matter among themselves, the jury elected to return the following morning. Although the defendant contends that the trial judge's comments to the jury pressured the jury to reach a verdict, the record does not support this position. The record reflects that the jury did not reach a verdict that night, but rather returned a verdict the following morning. There is no evidence that the jury was pressured in any way by the trial judge's comments.

JURY INSTRUCTION

The defendant contends that he was denied due process of law because the trial judge twice read the verdicts responsive to attempted first degree murder, but failed to remind the jury that "not guilty" was also a responsive verdict. The defendant admits that he is now precluded from raising this issue on appeal because his counsel did not lodge a contemporaneous objection, but urges this court to review this alleged defect in the interest of fundamental fairness.

*75 In State v. Lassere, 95-1009 (La.App. 5th Cir. 10/1/96) 683 So.2d 812, 819, writ denied, 96-2655 (La. 4/18/97) 692 So.2d 445 we recognized that "due process considerations may sometimes require that a jury instruction be reviewed even in the absence of a contemporaneous objection."

Even assuming the issue merits review by this court, we find no merit to this assignment of error. The standard for reviewing jury charges requires that the charges be read as a whole. A verdict will not be set aside because of an objection to a portion of the trial court's charge unless that portion, when considered in connection with the remainder of the charge, is shown to be erroneous and prejudicial. State v. Broussard, 202 La. 458, 12 So.2d 218, 220 (La. 1942). Considering the jury instructions as a whole, we find no merit to this assignment of error.

Although the record reflects the trial judge omitted instructing the jury it could return a verdict of "not guilty" in final instructions, he nonetheless had previously instructed the jury as to this verdict on two other occasions. Importantly, the verdict form includes "not guilty" as a responsive verdict.

INSUFFICIENCY OF EVIDENCE

The defendant contends that the evidence was legally insufficient to support his conviction because the state failed to prove that he had the requisite specific intent. He argues that there is no evidence showing that he specifically intended to kill Deputy Schmitt because of the defendant's testimony that he only intended to scare Deputy Schmitt and the lack of any other testimony that bullets passed near Deputy Schmitt. The state responds that the defendant's contention lacks merit because the jury chose not to believe the defendant's account of the events.

The standard for testing the sufficiency of evidence requires that a conviction be based on proof sufficient for any rational trier of fact, viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the prosecution, to find the essential elements of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt. Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 99 S.Ct. 2781, 61 L.Ed.2d 560 (1979); State v. Lassere, supra.

A determination of the weight of evidence is a question of fact which rests solely with the trier of fact who may accept or reject, in whole or in part, the testimony of any witnesses. State v. Silman, 95-0154 (La. 11/27/95) 663 So.2d 27, 35. A fact finder's discretion will be impinged upon only to the extent necessary to guarantee the fundamental protection of due process of law. State v. Bordenave, 95-2328 (La. 4/26/96) 678 So.2d 19, 20. Where rational triers of fact could disagree as to the interpretation of the evidence, the rational trier's view of all evidence most favorable to the prosecution must be adopted on review. Only irrational decisions to convict by the trier of fact will be overturned. State v. Silman, supra, 663 So.2d at 35.

The defendant was convicted of attempted manslaughter. La.R.S. 14:27 provides in pertinent part:

A. Any person who, having a specific intent to commit a crime, does or omits an act for the purpose of and tending directly toward the accomplishing of his object is guilty of an attempt to commit the offense intended; and it shall be immaterial whether, under the circumstances, he would have actually accomplished his purpose.
La.R.S. 14:31 provides in pertinent part: Manslaughter is:
(1) A homicide which would be murder under either Article 30 (first degree murder) or Article 30.1 (second degree murder), but the offense is committed in sudden passion or heat of blood immediately caused by provocation sufficient to deprive an average person of his self-control and cool reflection. Provocation shall not reduce a homicide to manslaughter if the jury finds that the offender's blood had actually cooled, or that an average person's blood would have cooled, at the time the offense was committed.

An essential element of attempted manslaughter is the specific intent to kill. State v. Hidalgo, 95-319 (La.App. 5th Cir. 1/17/96) 668 So.2d 1188, 1197.

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Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
707 So. 2d 72, 1998 WL 34108, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/state-v-allen-lactapp-1998.