State v. Adames

631 So. 2d 98, 1994 WL 11620
CourtLouisiana Court of Appeal
DecidedJanuary 20, 1994
Docket25766-KA
StatusPublished
Cited by5 cases

This text of 631 So. 2d 98 (State v. Adames) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Louisiana Court of Appeal primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
State v. Adames, 631 So. 2d 98, 1994 WL 11620 (La. Ct. App. 1994).

Opinion

631 So.2d 98 (1994)

STATE of Louisiana, Appellee,
v.
Elijio ADAMES, Jr., Appellant.

No. 25766-KA.

Court of Appeal of Louisiana, Second Circuit.

January 20, 1994.

Lavalle B. Salomon, Monroe, for appellant.

*99 Richard P. Ieyoub, Atty. Gen., Jerry L. Jones, Dist. Atty., Marcus R. Clark, Asst. Dist. Atty., counsel for appellee.

Before LINDSAY, BROWN and STEWART, JJ.

STEWART, Judge.

Elijio Adames, Jr. pled guilty to one count of conspiracy to distribute marijuana, in violation of LSA-R.S. 40:979 and 40:966. The trial court sentenced him to six years at hard labor, a fine of $1,500 plus costs or six months in jail. Adames asserts the trial judge failed to consider the Felony Sentencing Guidelines (S.G.) and imposed an excessive sentence.

FACTS

A Louisiana State Police officer stopped Michael Lee Phillips for a traffic violation on July 18, 1992. After receiving permission from Phillips, the officer searched his car and discovered twenty pounds of marijuana. Phillips told police that Adames promised to pay him $2,000 for transporting the marijuana from Dallas to North Carolina.

Phillips called Adames in an attempt to get Adames to come to Ouachita Parish, Louisiana from Dallas, Texas. Phillips told Adames he had car trouble and could not continue the trip. It was decided that Phillips would check into a local motel and Adames would send a rental vehicle. Later that evening, Raymond Saldivar came to Phillips' motel room. He had brought the rental vehicle. Adames talked to Phillips by phone while Saldivar was in Phillips' motel room.

On July 20, 1992, Adames arrived in the parking lot of the motel. He was arrested in Ouachita Parish by Louisiana State Police and was charged with possession of marijuana with intent to distribute, and conspiracy to distribute marijuana. Adames pled guilty to conspiracy to distribute marijuana, and subsequently was sentenced to serve six years at hard labor. He was also ordered to pay a fine of $1,500 plus court costs, with a default of six months in jail or 350 hours of community service. Pursuant to the plea agreement, the charge of possession of marijuana with intent to distribute was to be dismissed upon sentencing.

On appeal, Adames complains that the trial court failed to comply with the suggested sentencing range and that it imposed an excessive sentence without stating adequate reasons for its upward departure from the range designated by the S.G. Although the sentence exceeds the designated range from the S.G. we find that the trial court complied with the S.G. and imposed a sentence which we do not find to be excessive.

DISCUSSION

Adames contends that the sentence is excessive and disproportionate and that the trial court erred in failing to comply with the suggested sentencing range as set forth in the S.G.

Since January 1, 1992, felony sentencing in Louisiana has been regulated by the new sentencing guidelines of the Louisiana Sentencing Commission. LSA-C.Cr.P. Art. 894.1A; La.S.G. § 201A. The new guidelines, which recommend a sentence by placement in a sentencing guidelines grid, are different from the old sentencing factors which used to govern. State v. Kelly, 621 So.2d 33 (La.App. 2d Cir.1993). The list of aggravating and mitigating factors formerly included in Louisiana Code of Criminal Procedure art. 894.1 was replaced by a directive to the trial court to look to the guidelines. State v. Smith, 629 So.2d 333 (La.1993)

The purpose of the guidelines is to recommend a uniform sanctioning system. La.S.G. § 101A. The guidelines are advisory to the sentencing judge. No sentence shall be declared unlawful, inadequate, or excessive solely due to the failure of the judge to impose a sentence in conformity with the sentencing guidelines. La.S.G. § 103J; LSA-C.Cr.P. art. 894.1A; LSA-R.S. 15:328B; State v. Perow, 607 So.2d 888, 890 (La.App. 2d Cir.1992).

The designated sentence range in the sentencing guidelines grid is the basis for the sentence for any offender convicted of a felony. La.S.G. § 201A. The guidelines anticipate, and specifically provide for, departure *100 from the designated sentence range in La. S.G. § 209A, as follows:

4. When departing from the designated sentence range, the court shall:
a. Pronounce a sentence which is proportional to the seriousness of the offense and the offender's criminal history; and
b. State for the record the reasons for the departure which shall specify the mitigating or aggravating circumstances, and the factual basis therefor.
5. Reasons for departure from the designated sentence range are appropriate only when such reasons are based on mitigating or aggravating circumstances.

Sentences greater or lesser than a penalty within the designated sentence range should be determined through this procedure for departure. La.S.G. § 201C.

Upward departures from the designated sentence range of the guidelines grid should be made when one or more aggravating circumstances, listed in La.S.G. § 209B, significantly differentiates the particular case from the "typical case." State v. Gibson, 628 So.2d 156 (La.App. 2d Cir.1993); La.S.G. § 209A(3); State v. Brown, 616 So.2d 792 (La.App. 2d Cir.1993). Aggravating and mitigating factors are detailed in subsections B and C of the § 209 departure procedure. Both lists contain an omnibus factor which provides the trial court with even greater discretion to deviate from the guidelines when an atypical case arises for which the aggravating or mitigating considerations do not fall into one of the listed factors. Smith, supra.

In order for an aggravating factor to serve as a basis for an upward departure, the sentencing court must find that it is present to a degree which significantly enhances the severity of the offense. La.S.G. § 209B. Factors which constitute essential elements of the offense of conviction shall not be considered aggravating circumstances. Id.

In Smith, supra, The Louisiana Supreme Court recently addressed the mandatory and advisory nature of the guidelines as follows

[T]he Guidelines are mandatory, but only in the sense that the trial court must consider them and, if gross deviation is called for, must "[s]tate for the record the reasons for departure which shall specify the mitigating or aggravating circumstances, and the factual basis therefor." La.Admin.Code tit. 22 § 209(4)(b) (West 1993) (emphasis provided). The Guidelines are also advisory, but only in the sense that a judge is not compelled to follow them if a sentence outside the Guidelines is supported by aggravating or mitigating circumstances in the record.

Thus, although the sentencing court must consult the guidelines, it is at liberty to impose a more severe sentence, as long as it states on the record the statutory aggravating circumstances which support deviation from the designated sentence range.

In State v. Brown, supra, this court set forth several factors which indicate that a trial court has considered the sentencing guidelines in compliance with LSA-C.Cr.P. art. 894.1, as amended in 1991.

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631 So. 2d 98, 1994 WL 11620, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/state-v-adames-lactapp-1994.