FILED
JUNE 16,2015
I n the Office of the Clerk of Court
W A State Court of Appeals, Division III
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON
DIVISION THREE
STATE OF WASHINGTON, ) No. 32622-5-111 ) (cons. wi No. 32624-1-111) Respondent, ) ) v. ) UNPUBLISHED OPINION ) THOMAS EDWARD KIVETT, )
)
Appellant. )
SIDDOWAY, C.J. - Thomas Edward Kivett appeals his judgment and sentence
entered after guilty pleas to first degree unlawful possession of a firearm and felony
violation of a no-contact order. He contends the sentencing court erred by imposing a
felony firearm registration requirement and the $100 deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
collection fee. In a pro se statement of additional grounds (SAG), Mr. Kivett alleges the
evidence was insufficient to support the unlawful possession of a firearm conviction,
police conducted an unlawful search, and he was coerced into pleading guilty. Finding no
error, we affirm.
FACTS
On April 22, 2014, Thomas Kivett pleaded guilty under separate cause numbers to
first degree unlawful possession of a firearm and felony violation of a no-contact order
with a domestic violence designation. Clerk's Papers (CP) at 12-21,39. At sentencing, No. 32622-5-III, consolidated with No. 32624-I-II1 State v. Kivett
the court reviewed Mr. Kivett's criminal history and imposed a felony firearm offender
registration requirement, remarking, "You have, looks like, 12 felony convictions.
You've had two DOSA sentences in the past, 2001 and 2008. For purposes of your
sentencing on these two matters, your score is nine plus, so you're maxed out." Report of
Proceedings (RP) at 19; CP at 65, 69. Mr. Kivett's judgment and sentence listed 23 adult
criminal convictions, many of them felony assaults. Twelve of his convictions involved
domestic violence.
The court also noted that Mr. Kivett had difficulty following the law, particularly
laws regarding firearm possession, stating: "You're precluded from possessing a firearm,
yet you were caught with a firearm. You're precluded from having contact with another
individual, yet you had contact, resulting in this charge and then also violation of your
release pending sentencing." RP at 19.
The court imposed a $100 DNA collection fee as part of Mr. Kivett's mandatory
legal financial obligations (LFOs).
ANALYSIS
Firearm Registration
Mr. Kivett first contends the record is insufficient to support imposition of the
felony firearm offender registration requirement because the trial court failed to discuss
No. 32622-5-111, consolidated with No. 32624-1-111 State v. Kivett
his criminal history or his "propensity for violence" as required by RCW 9.41.330. He
asserts, "[s]ince the court did not provide insight specific to Mr. Kivett for imposition of
the firearm offender registration requirement, there is no way of knowing whether the
court exercised its discretion at all or, if it did exercise its discretion by silence, whether
that exercise was based upon tenable grounds." Appellant's Br. at 6. Mr. Kivett asks us
to remand for resentencing. We reject his contention.
A decision to impose a firearm registration requirement is discretionary. RCW
9.41.333. A trial court abuses its discretion ifit issues a manifestly unreasonable order or
bases its decision on untenable grounds. State v. Magers, 164 Wn.2d 174, 181, 189 P.3d
126 (2008). A court's failure to exercise discretion is also an abuse of discretion. In re
Detention ofMines, 165 Wn. App. 112, 125,266 P.3d 242 (2011).
A trial court is statutorily required to consider whether to impose a firearm
registration requirement by considering the defendant's criminal history and any evidence
of the defendant's propensity for violence that would likely endanger persons. RCW
9.41.330. RCW 9.41.330 provides:
RCW 9.41.330 Felony firearm offenders - Determination of registration. (1) On or after July 28, 2013, whenever a defendant in this state is convicted of a felony firearm offense or found not guilty by reason of insanity of any felony firearm offense, the court must consider whether to impose a requirement that the person comply with the registration
No. 32622-5-111, consolidated with No. 32624-1-111 State v. Kivett
requirements ofRCW 9.41.333 and may, in its discretion, impose such a requirement. (2) In determining whether to require the person to register, the court shall consider all relevant factors including, but not limited to: (a) The person's criminal history; (b) Whether the person has previously been found not guilty by reason of insanity of any offense in this state or elsewhere; and (c) Evidence of the person's propensity for violence that would likely endanger persons.
RCW 9.41.330(1)(2).
The record undermines Mr. Kivett's argument. Before imposing sentence, the
court emphasized Mr. Kivett's extensive criminal history, noting that he had 12 felony
convictions. The trial court also checked the box next to finding 2.6 in the judgment and
sentence, indicating it had considered Mr. Kivett's criminal history and evidence of his
propensity for violence before ordering the felony firearm offender registration. CP at 59.
Additionally, the facts underlying Mr. Kivett's guilty plea to felony violation of a no-
contact order support the court's finding that Mr. Kivett has a propensity for violence. In
the affidavit of facts, which Mr. Kivett adopted in his guilty statement, the investigating
officer reported that Mr. Kivett "pushed, punched, and slapped" his girlfriend during an
argument, resulting in injury to her chest and tailbone. CP at 1. Under these facts, the
trial court did not abuse its discretion by imposing a felony firearm offender registration
requirement.
No. 32622-5-III, consolidated with No. 32624-1-III State v. Kivett
DNA collectionfee
Next, Mr. Kivett argues that the trial court erred by imposing the DNA collection
fee because he previously submitted DNA samples pursuant to previous convictions.
Citing chapters 43.43.754(1) and (2) RCW, Mr. Kivett argues if the Washington State
Patrol Laboratory already has a sample of his DNA on file, no additional fee is assessable
against him in subsequent cases.
As a preliminary matter, we note that Mr. Kivett provides no facts to support his
argument on appeal that DNA samples were already collected pursuant to his convictions
for money laundering and making a false insurance claim. The party seeking review has
the burden of perfecting the record so that the reviewing court has all relevant evidence
before it. Bulzomi v. Dep 't ofLabor & Inds., 72 Wn. App. 522, 525, 864 P .2d 996
(1994). An insufficient record on appeal precludes review of the alleged errors. Id. Mr.
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FILED
JUNE 16,2015
I n the Office of the Clerk of Court
W A State Court of Appeals, Division III
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON
DIVISION THREE
STATE OF WASHINGTON, ) No. 32622-5-111 ) (cons. wi No. 32624-1-111) Respondent, ) ) v. ) UNPUBLISHED OPINION ) THOMAS EDWARD KIVETT, )
)
Appellant. )
SIDDOWAY, C.J. - Thomas Edward Kivett appeals his judgment and sentence
entered after guilty pleas to first degree unlawful possession of a firearm and felony
violation of a no-contact order. He contends the sentencing court erred by imposing a
felony firearm registration requirement and the $100 deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
collection fee. In a pro se statement of additional grounds (SAG), Mr. Kivett alleges the
evidence was insufficient to support the unlawful possession of a firearm conviction,
police conducted an unlawful search, and he was coerced into pleading guilty. Finding no
error, we affirm.
FACTS
On April 22, 2014, Thomas Kivett pleaded guilty under separate cause numbers to
first degree unlawful possession of a firearm and felony violation of a no-contact order
with a domestic violence designation. Clerk's Papers (CP) at 12-21,39. At sentencing, No. 32622-5-III, consolidated with No. 32624-I-II1 State v. Kivett
the court reviewed Mr. Kivett's criminal history and imposed a felony firearm offender
registration requirement, remarking, "You have, looks like, 12 felony convictions.
You've had two DOSA sentences in the past, 2001 and 2008. For purposes of your
sentencing on these two matters, your score is nine plus, so you're maxed out." Report of
Proceedings (RP) at 19; CP at 65, 69. Mr. Kivett's judgment and sentence listed 23 adult
criminal convictions, many of them felony assaults. Twelve of his convictions involved
domestic violence.
The court also noted that Mr. Kivett had difficulty following the law, particularly
laws regarding firearm possession, stating: "You're precluded from possessing a firearm,
yet you were caught with a firearm. You're precluded from having contact with another
individual, yet you had contact, resulting in this charge and then also violation of your
release pending sentencing." RP at 19.
The court imposed a $100 DNA collection fee as part of Mr. Kivett's mandatory
legal financial obligations (LFOs).
ANALYSIS
Firearm Registration
Mr. Kivett first contends the record is insufficient to support imposition of the
felony firearm offender registration requirement because the trial court failed to discuss
No. 32622-5-111, consolidated with No. 32624-1-111 State v. Kivett
his criminal history or his "propensity for violence" as required by RCW 9.41.330. He
asserts, "[s]ince the court did not provide insight specific to Mr. Kivett for imposition of
the firearm offender registration requirement, there is no way of knowing whether the
court exercised its discretion at all or, if it did exercise its discretion by silence, whether
that exercise was based upon tenable grounds." Appellant's Br. at 6. Mr. Kivett asks us
to remand for resentencing. We reject his contention.
A decision to impose a firearm registration requirement is discretionary. RCW
9.41.333. A trial court abuses its discretion ifit issues a manifestly unreasonable order or
bases its decision on untenable grounds. State v. Magers, 164 Wn.2d 174, 181, 189 P.3d
126 (2008). A court's failure to exercise discretion is also an abuse of discretion. In re
Detention ofMines, 165 Wn. App. 112, 125,266 P.3d 242 (2011).
A trial court is statutorily required to consider whether to impose a firearm
registration requirement by considering the defendant's criminal history and any evidence
of the defendant's propensity for violence that would likely endanger persons. RCW
9.41.330. RCW 9.41.330 provides:
RCW 9.41.330 Felony firearm offenders - Determination of registration. (1) On or after July 28, 2013, whenever a defendant in this state is convicted of a felony firearm offense or found not guilty by reason of insanity of any felony firearm offense, the court must consider whether to impose a requirement that the person comply with the registration
No. 32622-5-111, consolidated with No. 32624-1-111 State v. Kivett
requirements ofRCW 9.41.333 and may, in its discretion, impose such a requirement. (2) In determining whether to require the person to register, the court shall consider all relevant factors including, but not limited to: (a) The person's criminal history; (b) Whether the person has previously been found not guilty by reason of insanity of any offense in this state or elsewhere; and (c) Evidence of the person's propensity for violence that would likely endanger persons.
RCW 9.41.330(1)(2).
The record undermines Mr. Kivett's argument. Before imposing sentence, the
court emphasized Mr. Kivett's extensive criminal history, noting that he had 12 felony
convictions. The trial court also checked the box next to finding 2.6 in the judgment and
sentence, indicating it had considered Mr. Kivett's criminal history and evidence of his
propensity for violence before ordering the felony firearm offender registration. CP at 59.
Additionally, the facts underlying Mr. Kivett's guilty plea to felony violation of a no-
contact order support the court's finding that Mr. Kivett has a propensity for violence. In
the affidavit of facts, which Mr. Kivett adopted in his guilty statement, the investigating
officer reported that Mr. Kivett "pushed, punched, and slapped" his girlfriend during an
argument, resulting in injury to her chest and tailbone. CP at 1. Under these facts, the
trial court did not abuse its discretion by imposing a felony firearm offender registration
requirement.
No. 32622-5-III, consolidated with No. 32624-1-III State v. Kivett
DNA collectionfee
Next, Mr. Kivett argues that the trial court erred by imposing the DNA collection
fee because he previously submitted DNA samples pursuant to previous convictions.
Citing chapters 43.43.754(1) and (2) RCW, Mr. Kivett argues if the Washington State
Patrol Laboratory already has a sample of his DNA on file, no additional fee is assessable
against him in subsequent cases.
As a preliminary matter, we note that Mr. Kivett provides no facts to support his
argument on appeal that DNA samples were already collected pursuant to his convictions
for money laundering and making a false insurance claim. The party seeking review has
the burden of perfecting the record so that the reviewing court has all relevant evidence
before it. Bulzomi v. Dep 't ofLabor & Inds., 72 Wn. App. 522, 525, 864 P .2d 996
(1994). An insufficient record on appeal precludes review of the alleged errors. Id. Mr.
Kivett has failed to provide this court with an adequate record.
Nevertheless, even if we address the issue, his argument fails.
Two separate statutes pertaining to collection of DNA samples and the fee
imposed as an LFO inform our review of the case. First is the collection/submission
statute, RCW 43.43.754. Subsection (1) provides in part: "(1) A biological sample must
be collected for purposes of DNA identification analysis from: (a) Every adult or juvenile
No. 32622-5-111, consolidated with No. 32624-1-111 State v. Kivett
individual convicted ofa felony." RCW 43.43.754(1). Subsection (2) provides: "If the
Washington State patrol crime laboratory already has a DNA sample from an individual
for a qualitying offense, a subsequent submission is not required to be submitted."
Next is the fee collection statute, ch. 43.43.7541 RCW. It provides:
Every sentence imposedfor a crime specified in RCW 43.43.754 must include afee ofone hundred dollars. The fee is a court-ordered legal financial obligation as defined in RCW 9.94A.030 and other applicable law. For a sentence imposed under chapter 9.94A RCW, the fee is payable by the offender after payment of all other legal financial obligations included in the sentence has been completed. For all other sentences, the fee is payable by the offender in the same manner as other assessments imposed.
RCW 43.43.7541 (emphasis added).
Our goal when interpreting a statute is to carry out the legislature'S intent. State v.
Gonzalez, 168 Wn.2d 256, 263,226 P.3d 131 (2010). We must give effect to the plain
language of an unambiguous statute. Id If the plain language of the statute is
unambiguous, our inquiry is at an end and we enforce the statute "in accordance with its
plain meaning." State v. Armendariz, 160 Wn.2d, 110, 156 P.3d 201 (2007).
Such is the case here. The language in chapter 43.43.7541 RCW that "[e]very
sentence imposed for a crime specified in RCW 43.43.754 must include a fee of one
hundred dollars" plainly and unambiguously provides that the $100 DNA database fee is
mandatory for all such sentences. See State ex rei. Billington v. Sinclair, 28 Wn.2d 575,
No. 32622-5-III, consolidated with No. 32624-1-II1 State v. Kivett
581, 183 P.2d 8l3, 816 (1947) (word "must" is generally regarded as making a provision
mandatory); see also State v. Kuster, 175 Wn. App. 420, 424, 306 P.3d 1022 (20l3)
(DNA collection fee is mandated by RCW 43.43.7541). The court thus properly imposed
the DNA collection fee under chapter 43.43.7541 RCW.
Finally, in his SAG, Mr. Kivett asserts that the evidence was insufficient to support
his conviction for unlawful possession of a firearm because his fingerprints and DNA
were not on the firearm and he did not own the car in which the firearm was found. He
also contends the police lacked probable cause to search the car and that he was coerced
into a guilty plea because the State threatened to move the case to federal court ifhe
refused to plead gUilty. We find no merit to these claims.
First, because Mr. Kivett entered a valid guilty plea, he waived challenges to the
constitutionality of the search and the sufficiency of the evidence. See State v. Carrier,
36 Wn. App. 755, 756-57, 677 P.2d 768 (1984) (a guilty plea waives any right to appeal
from deficiency in state's proof of the crime); In re Pers. Restraint o/Bybee, 142 Wn.
App. 260, 268, 175 P.3d 589 (2007) (a guilty plea "waives or renders irrelevant" any
constitutional defects that occurred before its entry "except those related to the
circumstances of the plea or to the government's legal power to prosecute regardless of
factual guilt.").
No. 32622-5-111, consolidated with No. 32624-1-111 State v. Kivett
Additionally, Mr. Kivett's claim on appeal that he did not possess the gun is
contradicted by his admission to law enforcement that he purchased the gun that was
found in the car. CP at 2. Finally, we cannot address whether he was coerced into
pleading guilty because this claim relies on matters outside the record and are not
reviewable in a direct appeal. State v. McFarland, 127 Wn.2d 322, 335, 899 P.2d 1251
(1995).
Affirmed.
A majority of the panel has determined this opinion will not be printed in the
Washington Appellate Reports, but it will be filed for public record pursuant to RCW
2.06.040.
WE CONCUR:
d~~i Fearing, 1. y.
Lawrence-Berrey, J.