FILED
JULY 31, 2014
In the Office of the Clerk of Court
WA State Court of Appeals, Division III
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON
DIVISION THREE
STATE OF WASHINGTON, ) No. 31683-1-111 ) Respondent, ) ) v. ) ) SIMEON GEORGE OWENS, ) UNPUBLISHED OPINION ) Appellant. )
BROWN, A.C.J. - Simeon Owens appeals his third degree assault conviction,
contending the trial court erred by not declaring a mistrial when the security officer
victim nonresponsively testified about certain topics. Because the answers were largely
cumulative to earlier evidence and because the trial court gave a proper curative
instruction, we fmd no reversible error. Mr. Owens notes in his statement of additional
grounds for review several typographical errors in the trial transcripts that do not raise
any issues warranting review or further analysis. Accordingly, we affirm.
FACTS
On October 23,2012, Simeon Owens appeared before a Benton County Superior
Court Commissioner for ajuvenile dependency matter. Mr. Owens had not been No.3l683-l-II1 State v. Owens
compliant with court-ordered services related to the return of his child. Mr. Owens
became upset when the discussion turned to his failure to comply with anger management
classes. He became "mouthy" and the court found him in contempt. Report of
Proceedings at 47-48, 73. The court ordered Mr. Owens's immediate detention. Hearing
that he was about to be arrested, Mr. Owens fled the courtroom.
Scott Wright, a private security officer present in the courtroom, radioed to his
partner, Security Officer, Patricia Roggenkamp, to stop Mr. Owens. Officer
Roggenkamp moved to grab Mr. Owens at approximately the same time that Officer
Wright tackled Mr. Owens. The three ended up on the ground in a tussle. According to
the testimony, Mr. Owens was screaming and moving his body around a lot when he
elbowed Mr. Wright multiple times in the face. Kennewick police officers arrested Mr.
Owens at the scene. The State charged Mr. Owens with one count of assault in the third
degree and one count of resisting arrest but dismissed the resisting charge before trial.
Prior to the State beginning its case in chief at the March 2013 trial, it sought
clarification on how much context it could provide to the jury regarding why Mr. Owens
was in the courthouse that day. Defense counsel was fine with the State's suggestion so
long as counsel limited its scope. The court appeared to agree with the defense about
allowing some res gestae background evidence so long as that did not overly put Mr.
Owens's character in a bad light. No specific limitations were set.
No.31683-I-III State v. Owens
At trial, Kennewick Police Officer Paul Reynolds testified he spoke with Mr.
Owens after the scuffle and related the statements that Mr. Owens had made to him.
Basically, Mr. Owens told him he had been in court that day for custody of his children.
Mr. Owens told the officer that he had lost his temper in the courtroom. He told the
officer that he fled the courtroom because he did not want to be arrested. He admitted to
the officer that he was consciously attempting to resist arrest during the scuffle by
keeping his hands under his chest. He told the officer he had let his attitude and his
mouth get him in trouble that day. The court admitted pictures of Mr. Wright's injuries.
During the direct examination of Officer Wright, the State asked how the incident
began. Officer Wright partly answered by explaining Mr. Owens had been in court for a
dependency hearing involving one of his children and that he became angry when told he
was not compliant with his required anger management classes. At that point, defense
counsel asked for and received a sidebar during which defense counsel moved for a
mistrial, or in the alternative, for a curative instruction. Defense counsel believed that the
prejudice from hearing about the nature of the hearing and the ordered anger management
services far outweighed the relevance of the evidence as background material. The court
denied the motion for mistrial, but gave the jury a curative instruction. The jury found
Mr. Owens guilty and after sentencing, he appealed.
No. 31683-1-III State v. Owens
ANALYSIS
The issue is whether the trial court erred by abusing its discretion when denying
Mr. Owens' mistrial motion. '
"A trial court's denial of a motion for a mistrial is reviewed for abuse of
discretion." State v. Gamble, 168 Wn.2d 161,177,225 P.3d 973 (2010). "A mistrial
should be granted when the defendant has been so prejudiced that nothing short of a new
trial can insure that the defendant will be tried fairly." Id. "A denial of a motion for
mistrial should be overturned only when there is a substantial likelihood that the
prejudice affected the verdict." Id. "Thus, when a trial irregularity occurs, the court must
decide its prejudicial effect." Id. "In determining the effect of an irregularity, the court
examines (1) its seriousness; (2) whether it involved cumulative evidence; and (3)
whether the trial court properly instructed the jury to disregard it." Id. (alterations and
quotations omitted).
Applying these factors, we cannot say the trial court abused its discretion by
denying Mr. Owens' mistrial motion. Although in likely violation of the court's pretrial
ruling, Officer Wright's nonresponsive answers were not consciously elicited and were
not seriously prejudicial. That Mr. Owens had been in dependency court was likely
prejudicial to Mr. Owens's character as a parent, but his character as a parent had no real
relevance to whether he intentionally assaulted the security officer. That Mr. Owens had
been ordered to comply with anger management services likely had some direct relevance 4
No. 31683-1-II1 State v. Owens
and prejudice to his character for violence or peacefulness that could have affected the
jury's determination of intent.
But the jurors did not hear that Mr. Owens had a violent character. Rather the jury
might infer he had an angry character. Moreover, the jurors did not hear about any
specific instances of past violence; these are generally more prejudicial than a passing
reference to someone's character for anger. A mistrial on this type of evidence is
generally limited to situations bearing a striking similarity to the charged crime. See
State v. Mack, 80 Wn.2d 19,490 P.2d 1303 (1971) (new trial ordered in robbery
prosecution where the jury heard about the defendant's prior robberies); State v.
Escalona, 49 Wn. App. 251, 742 P.2d 190 (1987) (new trial ordered in assault with a
deadly weapon prosecution where the State had a weak case and the jury heard about the
defendant's prior assault with a deadly weapon).
The strong evidence ofMr. Owens' assault far outweighed any possible effect of
knowing Mr. Owens needed anger management classes. And, Mr. Owens' peaceful
character had already been destroyed by testimony from other State witnesses about Mr.
Owens angry outburst and assaultive conduct together, and photo evidence of the
resultant injuries. For example, Mr.
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FILED
JULY 31, 2014
In the Office of the Clerk of Court
WA State Court of Appeals, Division III
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON
DIVISION THREE
STATE OF WASHINGTON, ) No. 31683-1-111 ) Respondent, ) ) v. ) ) SIMEON GEORGE OWENS, ) UNPUBLISHED OPINION ) Appellant. )
BROWN, A.C.J. - Simeon Owens appeals his third degree assault conviction,
contending the trial court erred by not declaring a mistrial when the security officer
victim nonresponsively testified about certain topics. Because the answers were largely
cumulative to earlier evidence and because the trial court gave a proper curative
instruction, we fmd no reversible error. Mr. Owens notes in his statement of additional
grounds for review several typographical errors in the trial transcripts that do not raise
any issues warranting review or further analysis. Accordingly, we affirm.
FACTS
On October 23,2012, Simeon Owens appeared before a Benton County Superior
Court Commissioner for ajuvenile dependency matter. Mr. Owens had not been No.3l683-l-II1 State v. Owens
compliant with court-ordered services related to the return of his child. Mr. Owens
became upset when the discussion turned to his failure to comply with anger management
classes. He became "mouthy" and the court found him in contempt. Report of
Proceedings at 47-48, 73. The court ordered Mr. Owens's immediate detention. Hearing
that he was about to be arrested, Mr. Owens fled the courtroom.
Scott Wright, a private security officer present in the courtroom, radioed to his
partner, Security Officer, Patricia Roggenkamp, to stop Mr. Owens. Officer
Roggenkamp moved to grab Mr. Owens at approximately the same time that Officer
Wright tackled Mr. Owens. The three ended up on the ground in a tussle. According to
the testimony, Mr. Owens was screaming and moving his body around a lot when he
elbowed Mr. Wright multiple times in the face. Kennewick police officers arrested Mr.
Owens at the scene. The State charged Mr. Owens with one count of assault in the third
degree and one count of resisting arrest but dismissed the resisting charge before trial.
Prior to the State beginning its case in chief at the March 2013 trial, it sought
clarification on how much context it could provide to the jury regarding why Mr. Owens
was in the courthouse that day. Defense counsel was fine with the State's suggestion so
long as counsel limited its scope. The court appeared to agree with the defense about
allowing some res gestae background evidence so long as that did not overly put Mr.
Owens's character in a bad light. No specific limitations were set.
No.31683-I-III State v. Owens
At trial, Kennewick Police Officer Paul Reynolds testified he spoke with Mr.
Owens after the scuffle and related the statements that Mr. Owens had made to him.
Basically, Mr. Owens told him he had been in court that day for custody of his children.
Mr. Owens told the officer that he had lost his temper in the courtroom. He told the
officer that he fled the courtroom because he did not want to be arrested. He admitted to
the officer that he was consciously attempting to resist arrest during the scuffle by
keeping his hands under his chest. He told the officer he had let his attitude and his
mouth get him in trouble that day. The court admitted pictures of Mr. Wright's injuries.
During the direct examination of Officer Wright, the State asked how the incident
began. Officer Wright partly answered by explaining Mr. Owens had been in court for a
dependency hearing involving one of his children and that he became angry when told he
was not compliant with his required anger management classes. At that point, defense
counsel asked for and received a sidebar during which defense counsel moved for a
mistrial, or in the alternative, for a curative instruction. Defense counsel believed that the
prejudice from hearing about the nature of the hearing and the ordered anger management
services far outweighed the relevance of the evidence as background material. The court
denied the motion for mistrial, but gave the jury a curative instruction. The jury found
Mr. Owens guilty and after sentencing, he appealed.
No. 31683-1-III State v. Owens
ANALYSIS
The issue is whether the trial court erred by abusing its discretion when denying
Mr. Owens' mistrial motion. '
"A trial court's denial of a motion for a mistrial is reviewed for abuse of
discretion." State v. Gamble, 168 Wn.2d 161,177,225 P.3d 973 (2010). "A mistrial
should be granted when the defendant has been so prejudiced that nothing short of a new
trial can insure that the defendant will be tried fairly." Id. "A denial of a motion for
mistrial should be overturned only when there is a substantial likelihood that the
prejudice affected the verdict." Id. "Thus, when a trial irregularity occurs, the court must
decide its prejudicial effect." Id. "In determining the effect of an irregularity, the court
examines (1) its seriousness; (2) whether it involved cumulative evidence; and (3)
whether the trial court properly instructed the jury to disregard it." Id. (alterations and
quotations omitted).
Applying these factors, we cannot say the trial court abused its discretion by
denying Mr. Owens' mistrial motion. Although in likely violation of the court's pretrial
ruling, Officer Wright's nonresponsive answers were not consciously elicited and were
not seriously prejudicial. That Mr. Owens had been in dependency court was likely
prejudicial to Mr. Owens's character as a parent, but his character as a parent had no real
relevance to whether he intentionally assaulted the security officer. That Mr. Owens had
been ordered to comply with anger management services likely had some direct relevance 4
No. 31683-1-II1 State v. Owens
and prejudice to his character for violence or peacefulness that could have affected the
jury's determination of intent.
But the jurors did not hear that Mr. Owens had a violent character. Rather the jury
might infer he had an angry character. Moreover, the jurors did not hear about any
specific instances of past violence; these are generally more prejudicial than a passing
reference to someone's character for anger. A mistrial on this type of evidence is
generally limited to situations bearing a striking similarity to the charged crime. See
State v. Mack, 80 Wn.2d 19,490 P.2d 1303 (1971) (new trial ordered in robbery
prosecution where the jury heard about the defendant's prior robberies); State v.
Escalona, 49 Wn. App. 251, 742 P.2d 190 (1987) (new trial ordered in assault with a
deadly weapon prosecution where the State had a weak case and the jury heard about the
defendant's prior assault with a deadly weapon).
The strong evidence ofMr. Owens' assault far outweighed any possible effect of
knowing Mr. Owens needed anger management classes. And, Mr. Owens' peaceful
character had already been destroyed by testimony from other State witnesses about Mr.
Owens angry outburst and assaultive conduct together, and photo evidence of the
resultant injuries. For example, Mr. Owens' character for anger had been put in front of
the jury by the arresting officer relating admissions from Mr. Owens about letting his
anger get the better of him that day and that he had consciously resisted arrest. Proof of
intent to assault was easily inferred from the State's strong evidence. Accordingly, the 5
No. 31683-I-III State v. Owens
nonresponsive testimony about anger management classes was cumulative to evidence
already before the jury. Such instances usually do not require a mistrial. E.g., State v.
Thompson, 90 Wn. App. 41, 46-47, 950 P.2d 977 (1998) (mistrial not necessary when the
officer's improper opinion on the ultimate issue of recklessness was cumulative of other
strong evidence already before the jury). Finally, the court gave a proper limiting
instruction. We presume the jury followed the court's instruction. State v. Montgomery,
163 Wn.2d 577, 183 P.3d 267 (2008).
On a whole, this case is very similar to Gamble, 168 Wn.2d 161. In Gamble, the
investigating officer twice testified in violation of a pretrial order when he mentioned the
defendant's booking file. Id. at 176. This testimony divulged the defendant had a prior
criminal history, but did not divulge any specific instances of criminal activity. Although
a serious irregularity according to the Supreme Court, it was not so serious or cumulative
as to render useless the court's curative instruction. Id. at 178-79.
Affirmed.
A majority of the panel has determined this opinion will not be printed in the
I 6 f
I I ( No.31683-I-II1 State v. Owens
Washington Appellate Reports, but it will be filed for public record pursuant to RCW
2.06.040.
Brown, A.C.J.
WE CONCUR:
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