FILED PALS COURT O . ? IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE ST7IVI1ITON
STATE OF WASHINGTON DIVISION II BY DE TY
STATE OF WASHINGTON, No. 45678 -8 -II
Respondent,
v. UNPUBLISHED OPINION
NICHOLE DIANE BARKER,
Appellant.
MAXA, J. — Nichole Barker appeals from her conviction for felony violation of a
domestic violence court order arguing that she received ineffective assistance of counsel and that
the State failed to present sufficient evidence to establish that she violated a no- contact order.' We
disagree and affirm her conviction.
FACTS
On May 28, 2013, July 6, 2013, and July 23, 2013, the Pierce County District Court issued
domestic violence no- contact orders prohibiting Barker from having any contact with her mother,
Shari Barker. Nichole Barker knew of those orders. Shari2 is the caregiver for Barker' s two
children.
1 A commissioner of this court initially considered Barker' s appeal as a motion on the merits under RAP 18. 14 and then transferred it to a panel of judges.
2 In the interest of clarity, we refer to Barker' s relatives by their first names. No disrespect is intended. 45678 -8 -II
On August 16, 2013, Barker went to the home of her sister, Danielle Barker, to pick up
some belongings. When Danielle' s son let her in the house, Barker noticed that her own children
were there. Shari had brought them to Danielle' s to play with Danielle' s children. Barker went to
see her children and saw that Shari was with them in the backyard. Barker said she did not know
Shari was going to be at Danielle' s. Barker told Shari that she would leave but asked if she could
hug her children before she left. Shari agreed. Barker hugged her children and went back into the
house.
After about 20 minutes, Barker and Danielle got into an argument, and Danielle asked
Barker to leave. When Barker refused to leave, Danielle texted Shari and asked her to call 911.
Police arrived and arrested Barker for violation of the no- contact orders.
Because she had two prior convictions for violating no- contact orders, to which she
stipulated, the State charged Barker with felony violation of the no- contact order as to Shari.
Barker, Shari, and Danielle testified as described above. During his closing argument, the
prosecutor argued as follows:
Finally, in [ defense counsel' s] opening he told you that there was contact, but it was not willful or intentional. There is no requirement there, anywhere in the WPIC' s, anywhere in your jury instructions, that it be willful or intentional. Did she knowingly have contact? When she got to the house, did she go there with intent to or with knowledge to try to contact her mom? Probably not. But the moment she sees her in the backyard, from that point forward, she knows her mom is there and she knows she' s having contact and she would not leave.
Report of Proceedings ( RP) ( Oct. 23, 2013) at 139. Barker' s counsel did not object to this
argument.
Barker' s counsel argued that Barker had not intentionally or deliberately violated the no-
contact orders as to Shari because Barker did not know Shari was going to be at Danielle' s house
and Barker went back into the house when she noticed that Shari was in the backyard.
2 45678 -8 -II
In his rebuttal, the prosecutor argued as follows:
First, I want to clear up, there' this may sound like I' m s no requirement --
splitting hairs —there' s no requirement intentionally or willfully —I' m that she
sorry -- intentionally or deliberately contacted her. The standard is did she knowingly contact Shari Barker?
RP ( Oct. 23, 2013) at 150. Barker' s counsel did not object to this argument.
The jury convicted Barker as charged. She appeals.
ANALYSIS
A. SUFFICIENCY OF THE EVIDENCE
Barker argues that the State failed to present sufficient evidence that she knowingly
contacted Shari. We disagree.
The test for determining sufficiency of the evidence is whether, after viewing the evidence
in the light most favorable to the State, any rational trier of fact could have found guilt beyond a
reasonable doubt. State v. Homan, 181 Wn. 2d 102, 105, 330 P. 3d 182 ( 2014). In evaluating a
sufficiency of the evidence claim, we assume the truth of the State' s evidence and all reasonable
inferences drawn from that evidence. Id. at 106. We defer to the trier of fact' s resolution of
conflicting testimony and evaluation of the persuasiveness of the evidence. Id.
Several statutes authorize no- contact orders; the no- contact order against Barker was issued
under chapter 10. 99 RCW . RCW 10. 99. 050( 2)( a) provides that a "[ w] illful violation of a court
order ... is punishable under RCW 26. 50. 110." Under RCW 9A.08. 010( d)( 4), "[ a] requirement
that an offense be committed wilfully [sic] is satisfied if a person acts knowingly with respect to
the material elements of the offense." Therefore, to convict Barker of violating a domestic
violence protection order under RCW 26. 50. 110( 1)( a)( i), the State had to prove beyond a
3 45678 -841
reasonable doubt that she knew of the order and knowingly violated its provision prohibiting
contact with a protected party. State v. Sisemore, 114 Wn. App. 75, 77 -78, 55 P. 3d 1178 ( 2002).
A person acts knowingly if "he or she is aware of a fact, facts, or circumstances or result
described by a statute defining an offense." RCW 9A. 08. 010( 1)( b)( i). On the other hand, a person
does not knowingly violate a contact prohibition in a situation in which the defendant " accidentally
or inadvertently contacted [ the protected party] but immediately broke it off." Sisemore, 114 Wn.
App. at 78.
Taken in the light most favorable to the State, the evidence showed that although Barker' s
initial contact with Shari was inadvertent, she did not immediately break it off. Instead, the
evidence established that upon discovering Shari in Danielle' s back yard, Barker did not leave.
She stayed, hugged her children, and went into the house where she remained for 20 minutes.
While her initial contact with Shari may not have been a violation of the no- contact orders, a
rational trier of fact could find beyond a reasonable doubt that Barker' s remaining at Danielle' s
house after discovering Shari' s presence was a knowing violation of the no- contact orders. The
State presented sufficient evidence to support Barker' s conviction.
B. INEFFECTIVE ASSISTANCE OF COUNSEL
Barker argues that she received ineffective assistance of counsel when her trial counsel did
not object to the prosecutor' s statement of the law during closing arguments. We disagree.
To prevail on his ineffective assistance of counsel claim, Barker must show that ( 1) her
attorney' s performance was deficient, and ( 2) that deficiency was prejudicial. Stale v. Grier, 171
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FILED PALS COURT O . ? IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE ST7IVI1ITON
STATE OF WASHINGTON DIVISION II BY DE TY
STATE OF WASHINGTON, No. 45678 -8 -II
Respondent,
v. UNPUBLISHED OPINION
NICHOLE DIANE BARKER,
Appellant.
MAXA, J. — Nichole Barker appeals from her conviction for felony violation of a
domestic violence court order arguing that she received ineffective assistance of counsel and that
the State failed to present sufficient evidence to establish that she violated a no- contact order.' We
disagree and affirm her conviction.
FACTS
On May 28, 2013, July 6, 2013, and July 23, 2013, the Pierce County District Court issued
domestic violence no- contact orders prohibiting Barker from having any contact with her mother,
Shari Barker. Nichole Barker knew of those orders. Shari2 is the caregiver for Barker' s two
children.
1 A commissioner of this court initially considered Barker' s appeal as a motion on the merits under RAP 18. 14 and then transferred it to a panel of judges.
2 In the interest of clarity, we refer to Barker' s relatives by their first names. No disrespect is intended. 45678 -8 -II
On August 16, 2013, Barker went to the home of her sister, Danielle Barker, to pick up
some belongings. When Danielle' s son let her in the house, Barker noticed that her own children
were there. Shari had brought them to Danielle' s to play with Danielle' s children. Barker went to
see her children and saw that Shari was with them in the backyard. Barker said she did not know
Shari was going to be at Danielle' s. Barker told Shari that she would leave but asked if she could
hug her children before she left. Shari agreed. Barker hugged her children and went back into the
house.
After about 20 minutes, Barker and Danielle got into an argument, and Danielle asked
Barker to leave. When Barker refused to leave, Danielle texted Shari and asked her to call 911.
Police arrived and arrested Barker for violation of the no- contact orders.
Because she had two prior convictions for violating no- contact orders, to which she
stipulated, the State charged Barker with felony violation of the no- contact order as to Shari.
Barker, Shari, and Danielle testified as described above. During his closing argument, the
prosecutor argued as follows:
Finally, in [ defense counsel' s] opening he told you that there was contact, but it was not willful or intentional. There is no requirement there, anywhere in the WPIC' s, anywhere in your jury instructions, that it be willful or intentional. Did she knowingly have contact? When she got to the house, did she go there with intent to or with knowledge to try to contact her mom? Probably not. But the moment she sees her in the backyard, from that point forward, she knows her mom is there and she knows she' s having contact and she would not leave.
Report of Proceedings ( RP) ( Oct. 23, 2013) at 139. Barker' s counsel did not object to this
argument.
Barker' s counsel argued that Barker had not intentionally or deliberately violated the no-
contact orders as to Shari because Barker did not know Shari was going to be at Danielle' s house
and Barker went back into the house when she noticed that Shari was in the backyard.
2 45678 -8 -II
In his rebuttal, the prosecutor argued as follows:
First, I want to clear up, there' this may sound like I' m s no requirement --
splitting hairs —there' s no requirement intentionally or willfully —I' m that she
sorry -- intentionally or deliberately contacted her. The standard is did she knowingly contact Shari Barker?
RP ( Oct. 23, 2013) at 150. Barker' s counsel did not object to this argument.
The jury convicted Barker as charged. She appeals.
ANALYSIS
A. SUFFICIENCY OF THE EVIDENCE
Barker argues that the State failed to present sufficient evidence that she knowingly
contacted Shari. We disagree.
The test for determining sufficiency of the evidence is whether, after viewing the evidence
in the light most favorable to the State, any rational trier of fact could have found guilt beyond a
reasonable doubt. State v. Homan, 181 Wn. 2d 102, 105, 330 P. 3d 182 ( 2014). In evaluating a
sufficiency of the evidence claim, we assume the truth of the State' s evidence and all reasonable
inferences drawn from that evidence. Id. at 106. We defer to the trier of fact' s resolution of
conflicting testimony and evaluation of the persuasiveness of the evidence. Id.
Several statutes authorize no- contact orders; the no- contact order against Barker was issued
under chapter 10. 99 RCW . RCW 10. 99. 050( 2)( a) provides that a "[ w] illful violation of a court
order ... is punishable under RCW 26. 50. 110." Under RCW 9A.08. 010( d)( 4), "[ a] requirement
that an offense be committed wilfully [sic] is satisfied if a person acts knowingly with respect to
the material elements of the offense." Therefore, to convict Barker of violating a domestic
violence protection order under RCW 26. 50. 110( 1)( a)( i), the State had to prove beyond a
3 45678 -841
reasonable doubt that she knew of the order and knowingly violated its provision prohibiting
contact with a protected party. State v. Sisemore, 114 Wn. App. 75, 77 -78, 55 P. 3d 1178 ( 2002).
A person acts knowingly if "he or she is aware of a fact, facts, or circumstances or result
described by a statute defining an offense." RCW 9A. 08. 010( 1)( b)( i). On the other hand, a person
does not knowingly violate a contact prohibition in a situation in which the defendant " accidentally
or inadvertently contacted [ the protected party] but immediately broke it off." Sisemore, 114 Wn.
App. at 78.
Taken in the light most favorable to the State, the evidence showed that although Barker' s
initial contact with Shari was inadvertent, she did not immediately break it off. Instead, the
evidence established that upon discovering Shari in Danielle' s back yard, Barker did not leave.
She stayed, hugged her children, and went into the house where she remained for 20 minutes.
While her initial contact with Shari may not have been a violation of the no- contact orders, a
rational trier of fact could find beyond a reasonable doubt that Barker' s remaining at Danielle' s
house after discovering Shari' s presence was a knowing violation of the no- contact orders. The
State presented sufficient evidence to support Barker' s conviction.
B. INEFFECTIVE ASSISTANCE OF COUNSEL
Barker argues that she received ineffective assistance of counsel when her trial counsel did
not object to the prosecutor' s statement of the law during closing arguments. We disagree.
To prevail on his ineffective assistance of counsel claim, Barker must show that ( 1) her
attorney' s performance was deficient, and ( 2) that deficiency was prejudicial. Stale v. Grier, 171
Wn.2d 17, 32 -33, 246 P. 3d 1260 ( 2011). An attorney' s performance is deficient if it falls below
an objective standard of reasonableness. Id. at 33. Such deficient performance is prejudicial if
there is a reasonable probability that the result of the proceedings would have been different in its
4 45678 -8 -II
absence. Id. at 34. Reasonable probability in this context means a probability sufficient to
undermine confidence in the outcome. Id.
Barker contends that in arguing that the State did not have the burden of proving that she
had intentional or deliberate contact with Shari, the prosecutor misstated the law. But the
prosecutor did not misstate the law. As noted above, to convict Barker of violating a domestic
violence protection order under RCW 26. 50. 110( 1)( a)( i), the State had to prove only that Barker
knowingly contacted Shari. Sisemore, 114 Wn. App. at 78; see also 11 WASHINGTON PRACTICE:
WASHINGTON PATTERN JURY INSTRUCTIONS: CRIMINAL 36. 51. 01 -. 02, at 639 -40 ( 3d ed. 2008).
Neither RCW 26. 50. 110 nor RCW 10. 99. 050( 2)( a) expressly require intentional contact. Barker
does not point us to any statutory authority that imposes a requirement that a party must
intentionally violate the no- contact order to violate RCW 26. 50. 110( 1)( a).
Instead, Barker cites to State v. Clowes, 104 Wn. App. 935, 944 -45, 18 P. 3d 596 ( 2001),
and Sisemore, 114 Wn. App. at 78, for her contention that the contact must be intentional. Because
her defense was that her contact with Shari was not intentional, Barker contends that her trial
counsel' s failure to object to the State' s argument was prejudicial.
Barker' s reliance on Clowes and Sisemore is misplaced. Barker relies on a statement in
Clowes that " the instruction is inadequate because it does not tell the jury that not only must the
defendant know of the no- contact order; he must also have intended the contact." 104 Wn. App.
at 944 -45. However, in Clowes the court clearly states that the elements of a violation of a no-
contact order are " when [ a defendant] willfully has contact with another knowing that a no-
contact order exists and prohibits the contact." Id. at 944. Moreover, the court recognized, as we
do above, that proof that " a person acted ` knowingly' is proof that they acted ` willfully.' " Id. at
5 45678 -8 -II
944. And the court in Sisemore expressly held that the State must prove only that the defendant
acted knowingly. 114 Wn. App. at 78.
Neither Clowes nor Sisemore held that the State must prove that the defendant intended to
violate the no- contact order when he or she contacted the protected party. 104 Wn. App. at 944;
114 Wn. App. at 78. Therefore, the prosecutor did not misstate the State' s burden during closing
argument and the trial court would have overruled any objection.
We hold that Barker' s counsel did not engage in deficient performance in not objecting
and that any failure to object did not prejudice Barker because the objection would have been
overruled. Accordingly, Barker' s ineffective assistance of counsel argument fails.
We affirm Barker' s conviction.
A majority of the panel having determined that this opinion will not be printed in the
Washington Appellate Reports, but will be filed for public record in accordance with RCW 2. 06. 040,
it is so ordered.
We concur:
B i` RCj' \1, A. C. J. 10 CI ir