State of Washington v. Michael Leon Shemesh

• Court: Court of Appeals of Washington
• Decided: April 16, 2015
• Docket: 31465-1
• Status: Published

Opinion

FILED

APRIL 16,2015 In the Office of the Clerk of Court W A State Court of Appeals, Division III

] IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON I DIVISION THREE

j STATE OF WASHINGTON, ) No. 31465-1-111

I ) Respondent, ) ) v. ) ) MICHAEL LEON SHEMESH, ) PUBLISHED OPINION ) Appellant. )

BROWN, A.C.J. - Michael L. Shemesh appeals his convictions for three counts of

first degree rape of a child, two counts of second degree possession of depictions of a

minor engaged in sexually explicit conduct, and one count of first degree child

molestation. The sentencing court orally imposed an aggravated exceptional sentence

based on the jury's finding the crimes were committed as part of ongoing sexual abuse

of the victim and Mr. Shemesh abused a position of trust. First, Mr. Shemesh contends

his state and federal constitutional speedy trial rights were violated because over three

years elapsed before his trial. Second, he contends the court erred by imposing an

aggravated exceptional sentence without written findings of fact and conclusions of law.

We reject his speedy trial contention and affirm, but, under recent authority, we remand

for the trial court to enter necessary written findings and conclusions. No. 31465-1-111 State v. Shemesh

FACTS

On August 14, 2009, the State charged Mr. Shemesh with three counts of first

degree rape of a child, two counts of second degree possession of depictions of a minor

. engaged in sexually explicit conduct, and first degree child molestation based on

alleged 2001 and 2006 events. The rape charges and molestation charge included

special aggravating allegations of an ongoing pattern of abuse and violation of a

position of trust. Mr. Shemesh was arraigned on August 12, 2009. Tonya Meehan-

Corsi was appointed as defense counsel. Trial was set for September 28,2009.

On September 16, 2009, the court granted the State's request for a mental health

evaluation to determine Mr. Shemesh's competency and sanity. The matter was stayed

pending a competency determination. The State's expert opined Mr. Shemesh was

competent to stand trial; an order of competency was entered on November 25, 2009.

The court then set trial for January 25, 2010.

On January 13, 2010, a stipulation for continuance/waiver of time for trial (CrR

I 3.3) and order of continuance was entered, setting a new trial date for February 1, 2010.

The court inquired whether Mr. Shemesh was waiving his right to a speedy trial and Mr.

I

1 Shemesh responded affirmatively.

On February 3, 2010, Mr. Shemesh requested new counsel, alleging

mismanagement of the case. The court denied the motion, finding Ms. Meehan-Corsi

reviewed police evidence, conducted victim interviews, and discovered several critical

facts. Trial was then continued to March 1,2010.

l ! I!

No. 31465-1-111 State v. Shemesh 1 I Another continuance was requested in mid-February at which time the court

inquired whether Mr. Shemesh was waiving speedy trial and he again responded 11 ! affirmatively. The new trial date was March 29, 2010. I I

On March 3,2010, Mr. Shemesh successfully requested to have a second

mental health evaluation performed to determine if he had the competency to proceed.

J A competency hearing was set for April 7, 2010 but was continued to April 14, 2010; at

that time, Ms. Meehan-Corsi advised the court that Shawn Sant would likely be

substituting in for her because the Office of Public Defense (OPD) was terminating her

employment.

On April 13, 2010, Ms. Meehan-Corsi was removed from Mr. Shemesh's case

and Mr. Sant was appointed as counsel. On April 14, 2010, Mr. Shemesh was ill, so the

competency matter was continued until April 28, 2010. On April 28, 2010, Mr. Shemesh

requested another continuance because OPD was going to reassign his case to another

attorney due to a wage dispute between OPD and Mr. Sant.

On May 5, 2010, Ryan Swanberg was assigned as counsel and requested a one

week continuance. The State then requested a continuance of two weeks to prepare.

Mr. Shemesh did not object. The court granted the continuances and clarified the case

was still stayed awaiting entry of an order of competency after the defense evaluation.

Between May 19, 2010 and July 14, 2010, several defense-requested

continuances were granted to give counsel time to prepare. On July 14, 2010, the court

entered a competency order. Trial was then set for September 7,2010. No objection

3 No. 31465-1-111 State v. Shemesh

was made to the setting of this date and no discussion occurred about the date not

being in compliance with Mr. Shemesh's right to a speedy trial.

More continuance requests were made by Mr. Shemesh, and granted, in August

2010. Then, on August 18, 2010, the State expressed its displeasure with the ongoing

continuances. Nevertheless, another continuance was granted on that day, resulting in

a September 13,2010 trial date. Mr. Shemesh acknowledged the September 13, 2010

trial date was within speedy trial limits. The parties then stipulated to another

continuance, with Mr. Shemesh filing another waiver of time for trial, setting trial on

October 25,2010.

At an October 6,2010 pretrial hearing, the State requested the court compel

I production of a DVD, which contained interviews of the minor victims by a child forensic

II interviewer. The State had previously provided copies of the DVDs to defense counsel,

Ms. Meehan-Corsi, under an agreed protective order. At the hearing, neither Ms.

Meehan-Corsi nor Mr. Sant were able to account for the whereabouts of the items. The

October 6, 2010 hearing was continued one week at the request of the court.

At an October 13, 2010 pretrial hearing, the parties again addressed the missing

DVDs. One week later, Mr. Shemesh requested reappointment of counsel. Mr.

Shemesh argued Mr. Swanberg was delaying reviewing the State's evidence and not

actively moving forward with his case. The court granted Mr. Shemesh's motion and

disqualified Mr. Swanberg and Gary Metro was appointed as the new attorney. The

court advised Mr. Shemesh that if his request for a new attorney was granted, it would

No. 31465-1-111 State v. Shemesh

necessitate a 60-day continuance to allow new counsel to prepare. Mr. Shemesh

acknowledged his understanding of that fact and indicated that he would be willing to

sign a waiver of speedy trial to be appointed a new attorney. The new trial date was set

for December 6, 2010.

More continuances were requested, and granted, in December 2010; Mr.

Shemesh submitted another stipulation for continuance/waiver of time for trial. The

State voiced its concerns to the court that the matter had been set for trial 16 times at

this point. The court noted the State's frustration, but accepted the waiver and

extended the trial date to February 14, 2011.

In 2011, the court granted numerous additional continuances, then on October

12,2011, Mr. Metro was removed as defense counsel due to a reassignment by the

OPD and Kevin Holt was assigned to replace him. Mr. Shemesh did not object.

At the time of Mr. Holt's appointment, speedy trial was set to run on the case on

December 2,2011, giving Mr. Holt 51 days to have the matter brought to trial. The

alleged victims in the matter had been interviewed on two occasions by Mr. Shemesh's

prior counsel and at least one interview had been tape-recorded. Additionally, Mr. Holt

informed the court that Mr. Metro would be staying on the case to ease the transition of

attorneys and they would work the case together. Mr. Shemesh did not object. Mr. Holt

advised the court that even if Mr. Metro had not been removed as counsel of record, the

trial would not have proceeded on the scheduled trial date due to Mr. Metro being

unprepared to proceed. Another stipulation for continuance/waiver of time for trial was

entered and, over the State's objection, trial was reset to January 23, 2012.

The trial date was continued numerous times in 2012 at Mr. Shemesh's request

with three additional stipulations for continuance/waiver of time for trial entered.

On August 26,2012, Mr. Silemesh requested dismissal based on violations of

CrR 3.3 (speedy trial rule), CrR 4.7 (discovery), and CrR 8.3 (governmental

misconduct). This was the first assertion of a speedy trial right violation. The assertion

related to the time period surrounding Ms. Meehan-Corsi's removal from the case and

Mr. Metro's removal and replacement. The court reserved ruling on the matter until

after trial. Mr. Shemesh successfully requested another continuance and trial was reset

to November 26,2012.

On October 30, 2012, Mr. Shemesh's attorney indicated he was re-interviewing

witnesses and notified the court he needed time to secure a new investigator because

Mr. Shemesh refused to work with the investigator who had been working the case

since Ms. Meehan-Corsi was defense counsel.

On November 21,2012, just five days before trial, Mr. Shemesh wrote a letter to

the State indicating he wished to plead guilty to the crimes as charged. On the day of

the hearing on the potential plea, Mr. Shemesh indicated he changed his mind. He,

however, advised the court he was not ready for trial. The court did not wish to

entertain another continuance request and advised Mr. Shemesh the matter would

proceed to trial on November 26, 2012.

Trial finally commenced on November 26,2012. The jury found Mr. Shemesh

guilty as charged and found the specially alleged aggravating circumstances. On

December 11,2012, the court addressed Mr. Shemesh's prior dismissal motion. Mr.

Shemesh focused on the time between the competency evaluation and the entry of the

competency order. The court denied the motion, finding "the time period prior to the

entry of the actual Order of Competency tolled any time for the trial until an actual Order

of Competency was entered." Report of Proceedings (RP) (Dec. 11, 2012 ) at 1858.

The court sentenced Mr. Shemesh to a 600-month aggravated exceptional

sentence. The court did not enter written findings of fact and conclusions of law, but

stated, "The jury did find aggravating factors beyond a reasonable doubt. Based on

that, the court finds it appropriate to follow the request of the prosecutor and sentence

you to the term of 600 months." RP (Feb. 26, 2013) at 38. In the judgment and

sentence, the court found "substantial and compelling reasons exist which justify an

exceptional sentence" based on U[a]ggravating factors ... found by a jury by special

interrogatory." Clerk's Papers (CP) at 560. Mr. Shemesh appealed.

ANALYSIS

A. Speedy trial was not unreasonably delayed.

The issue is whether, under these facts, Mr. Shemesh's speedy trial rights under

the state and federal constitutions were violated. He contends the over three year delay

before trial exceeded a reasonable time and requires dismissal of all charges. Mr.

Shemesh raises no CrR 3.3 speedy trial issues.

Both the United States Constitution and the Washington Constitution provide a

criminal defendant with the right to a speedy public trial. U.S. CONST. amend. VI; WASH.

CONST. art. I, § 22. Our state constitution "requires a method of analysis substantially

the same as the federal Sixth Amendment analysis and does not afford a defendant

greater speedy trial rights." State v. Iniguez, 167 Wn.2d 273,290,217 P.3d 768 (2009).

This court reviews de novo constitutional speedy trial claims. Id. at 280.

A defendant's constitutional rights to a speedy trial attach when a charge is filed

or an arrest is made, whichever occurs first. State v. Corrado, 94 Wn. App. 228, 232,

972 P.2d 515 (1999). Some pretrial delay is often "inevitable and wholly justifiable."

Doggett v. United States, 505 U.S. 647, 656,112 S. Ct. 2686,120 L. Ed. 2d 520 (1992).

As recognized by Mr. Shemesh at page 12 of his opening brief, the constitutional

speedy trial right does not involve a fixed time, but rather focuses on the expiration of a

reasonable time. State v. Monson, 84 Wn. App. 703, 711,929 P.2d 1186 (1997). Any

constitutional "inquiry into a speedy trial claim necessitates a functional analysis of the

right in the particular context of the case." Barkerv. Wingo, 407 U.S. 514, 522, 92 S.

Ct. 2182, 33 L. Ed. 2d 101 (1972). As first articulated in Barker, in deciding

reasonableness, we consider (1) the length of pretrial delay, (2) the reason for delay, (3)

the defendant's assertion of his or her right, and (4) prejudice to the defendant. 407

U.S. at 530.

But to trigger this analysis, the defendant must first demonstrate that the "interval

between accusation and trial has crossed the threshold dividing ordinary from

'presumptively prejudicial' delay." Doggett, 505 U.S. at 651-52 (quoting Barker, 407 1 \ \ U.S. at 530-31). We consider the duration of pretrial custody, the complexity of the !

I charges, and the extent to which a case involves a reliance on eyewitness testimony.

Iniguez, 167 Wn.2d at 292 (citing Barker, 407 U.S. at 531 & n.31). In Iniguez, our state

Supreme Court found "presumptive[ ] prejudic[e]" based upon a delay of more than

eight months. 167 Wn.2d at 291-92. Importantly, (1) the defendant had remained in

custody throughout this period; (2) the charges against him were not complex; and (3)

such a lengthy delay "could result in witnesses becoming unavailable or their memories

fading," thus impairing his defense. Iniguez, 167 Wn.2d at 292. The Iniguez Court took

pains to note this eight-month delay was, however, "just beyond the bare minimum

needed to trigger the Barker inquiry." Iniguez, 167 Wn.2d at 293; see also State v.

Ollivier, 178 Wn.2d 813, 828, 312 P.3d 1 (2013), cert. denied, 135 S. Ct. 71,190 L. Ed.

2d 65 (2014) (23-month delay enough to trigger Barker analysis).

1. Length of the delay. The first Barker consideration is the length of the delay.

Here, almost 40 months between being charged and trial is not ordinary. But, as the

Ollivier court noted, longer periods have been found acceptable. Ollivier, 178 Wn.2d at

828; see United States v. Lane, 561 F.2d 1075 (2d Cir. 1977) (58-month delay was not

excessive); United States v. Porchay, 651 F.3d 930, 940 (8th Cir. 2011) (39-month

delay was not excessive, given the numerous motions, demands, and general effort by

the defendant to delay matters). Moreover, "in numerous cases courts have not

regarded delay as exceptionally long ... particularly when the delay was attributable to

the defense." Ollivier, 178 Wn.2d at 828. Accordingly, the long delay in this case is not

alone so excessive as to warrant a presumption of prejudice.

2. Reason given for the delays. Mr. Shemesh requested nearly every

continuance; mostly over State objections. "Delay caused by defense counsel is

chargeable to the defendant." Ollivier, 178 Wn.2d at 832. Mr. Shemesh makes three

arguments to explain his excessive continuance requests; first, delays entering the

second competency order, second, discovery issues, and third, a systematic OPD

breakdown. His first two arguments are unpersuasive because both the delay involved

the defense's fault. Moreover, these delays did not amount to a substantial amount of

time. Mr. Shemesh's third argument regarding the alleged systematic OPD breakdown

lacks merit since some of those delays were due to his uncooperativeness and, given

the lengthy delays, OPD personnel changes and attorney-client frictions could be

expected.

Given all, the delays were mainly caused by Mr. Shemesh's conduct in asking for

them. Indeed, as time passed, the State actively began opposing his delay requests.

None of the delays are attributed to the State. As noted by the Ollivier Court, "In

summary, most of the continuances were sought by defense counsel to provide time for

investigation and preparation of the defense. Time requested by the defense to prepare

a defense is chargeable to the defendant, and this factor weighs heavily against the

defendant." 178 Wn.2d at 837.

3. Defendant's assertion of his speedy trial rights. "The Court added in Barker

that 'failure to assert the right will make it difficult for a defendant to prove that he was

denied a speedy triaL'" Ollivier, 178 Wn.2d 837. "[T]he more serious the deprivation,

the more likely a defendant is to complain. The defendant's assertion of his speedy trial

right, then, is entitled to strong evidentiary weight in determining whether the defendant

is being deprived of the right." Id. at 837-38 (quoting Barker, 407 U.S. at 531-32). Mr.

Shemesh repeatedly requested continuances throughout the proceedings with no

mention of a speedy trial violation until three years had passed. Then, Mr. Shemesh

requested dismissal on the same day he requested another continuance. His dismissal

request was based on a small amount of time in the three year period; the court

properly found, "the time period prior to the entry of the actual Order of Competency

tolled any time for the trial until an actual Order of Competency was entered." RP (Dec.

11, 2012 ) at 1858. Given all, this consideration weighs against Mr. Shemesh because

our record shows no attempt by him to bring this matter to a conclusion more quickly.

4. Prejudice to the defendant. Prejudice may consist of oppressive pretrial

incarceration, anxiety and concern of the accused, and the possibility that the accused's

defense will be impaired by dimming memories and loss of exculpatory evidence.

Ollivier, 178 Wn.2d at 840. "A defendant ordinarily must establish actual prejudice

before a violation of the constitutional right to a speedy trial will be recognized." Id. Mr.

Shemesh alleges oppressive pretrial incarceration, but he offers nothing more than self-

serving statements, contained in a declaration he produced for a motion to dismiss

without cross-examination. No other evidence supports his allegations. His claims

were expressly refuted by county jail staff testimony that he was treated the same as

any other prisoner. "Moreover, his complaints about jail conditions do not suggest that

conditions were oppressive; rather, the conditions are common to incarceration."

Ollivier, 178 Wn.2d at 844.

In sum, balancing the Barkerfactors weighs against Mr. Shemesh. Given these

facts, the overall delay, while long, was reasonable under the circumstances and thus,

not constitutionally excessive. The reasons for the delay are primarily attributable to the

defense because Mr. Shemesh sought numerous continuances to facilitate investigation

and prepare his defense; he did not sufficiently assert his rights; the delay was not

sufficiently extraordinary to be presumed prejudicial; and Mr. Shemesh fails to show

particularized prejudice. Thus, we conclude no violation is shown of Mr. Shemesh's

constitutional right to a speedy trial under the Sixth Amendment and article I, section 22.

B. Written findings and conclusions are required.

The issue is whether the trial court erred in failing to enter written findings of fact

and conclusions of law supporting its imposition of an exceptional sentence. Mr.

Shemesh contends the matter must be remanded. Whenever an exceptional sentence

is imposed, "the court shall set forth the reasons for its decision in written findings of fact

and conclusions of law." RCW 9.94A.535. The Supreme Court recently decided this

issue after our briefing was complete, holding a trial court's failure to enter written

findings of fact and conclusions of law to support an exceptional sentence requires

t " I 1 No. 31465-1-111 State v. Shemesh

remand. State v. Fried/und, _Wn.2d _,341 P.3d 280 (2015 WL 196506 at *4)

(Jan. 15, 2015). There, the court reasoned, "the SRA's written findings provision

requires exactly that - written findings. Permitting verbal reasoning - however

comprehensive - to substitute for written findings ignores the plain language of the

statute." /d. at _ (2015 WL 196506 at *3). Accordingly, we remand for the trial court

to enter written findings of fact and conclusions of law.

Affirmed and remanded for proceedings consistent with this opinion.

~)1¥Jr. Brown, A.C.J.

WE CONCUR: