IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON DIVISION ONE
STATE OF WASHINGTON, ) No. 75403-3-1 : ? u247-4 .2 :11 ) rn Respondent, ) -n ) v. ) ti) o ) UNPUBLISHED OPINION 7.r. LEISHA MARIE BUTLER, ) ) FILED: March 5, 2018 TN) Appellant. ) )
VERELLEN, C.J. — Leisha Butler appeals her conviction for possession of a controlled substance with intent to manufacture or deliver, arguing admissions to
police were inadmissible for lack of corpus delicti. Because the State presented
sufficient corroborating evidence to establish the corpus delicti of possessing
heroin with intent to deliver, we affirm.
FACTS
On December 5, 2014, Snohomish County Sheriff's Deputy Charboneau
responded to a one car collision in Granite Falls. By the time officers arrived, the
vehicle was empty. Butler was the registered owner of the vehicle. While Deputy
Charboneau attempted to contact Butler, a neighbor told him there was someone
moving in and out of the woods nearby, watching the officers. The neighbor
pointed out the location, a small wooded area near residential areas. No. 75403-3-1/2
Deputy Charboneau walked into the woods and saw two legs sticking out
from under the bush. He called to the person, later identified as Butler's boyfriend,
John Swanson. When Deputy Charboneau saw Butler nearby and directed her to
stand up, he saw a green ball roll away from her left side. The ball was
approximately the size of a baseball or softball and was a dark substance wrapped
in light green cellophane.
As Deputy Charboneau went back into the woods to get the green ball, he
also found a small clear bag with white crystal powder inside and a red makeup
bag near where Butler was sitting. The makeup bag had syringes filled with a
brown substance. Nearby and partially covered up with branches, he also found a
black and brown duffle bag with a flashlight and wooden club tied to the outside.
There was a scale with residue inside the duffle bag. Swanson claimed the duffle
bag was his.
Police asked Butler if she had anything else on her person, and she
produced a golf ball sized ball of a brown tar-like substance in plastic wrapping
from inside her bra. A search incident to arrest also revealed $198 in cash and
eight preloaded debit cards, one in Butler's name. Butler also had nine gift cards
in her purse.
Police sent the substances to the Washington State Patrol Crime
Laboratory for testing. The green ball, weighed and tested without packaging, was
determined to be 199.79 grams of heroin. The golf ball sized item from Butler's
bra was also weighed and tested and was determined to be 25.31 grams of
2 No. 75403-3-1/3
heroin. The small clear bag with white crystal powder was determined to be 0.95
grams of methamphetamine.
The State charged Leisha Butler with possession of heroin with intent to
manufacture or deliver(count one), possession of methamphetamine (count two),
and possession of suboxone (count three). Count three was later dismissed.
Butler moved to dismiss count one, arguing there was insufficient evidence
establishing corpus delicti for the charge absent Butler's admissions. The trial
court considered the police reports for purposes of this hearing. Butler admitted to
police that the heroin that she had was for delivery and that she traded the heroin
for EBT1 cards and other items.
Butler possessed approximately 240 grams of heroin, numerous EBT cards
in different names and account numbers, and $198 in cash. Her codefendant had
$648 in cash and a scale. The court found that the State had established corpus
delicti based upon (i) the quantity of heroin, (ii) the numerous EBT cards with
different names and account numbers, and (iii) her codefendant's possession of a
large amount of cash and a scale. The court reasoned the first two factors alone
would be enough to establish corpus delicti for possession with intent to deliver,
adding that there was "without any doubt, sufficient evidence to overcome the
corpus delicti issue."2
1 "Electronic benefit transfer" cards are used for issuing welfare payments. 2 Report of Proceedings (Feb. 12, 2016) at 10.
3 No. 75403-3-1/4
Butler raised the corpus delicti issue again in limine to the trial court as it
applied to the admissibility of her statements regarding the intent to deliver charge.
The court reserved its ruling and instructed the State not to mention Butler's
statements until corpus delicti had been established through testimony.
Narcotics Detective Jarrod Seth did not take part in the investigation in this
case but testified about his extensive experience and knowledge of larger-scale
drug trafficking organizations. Detective Seth explained the price of different
quantities of heroin.
The court ruled the State had met its burden to independently establish
possession with intent to deliver heroin. The court allowed the State to present
Butler's admission to the jury. Deputy Charboneau told the jury that after he
advised Butler of her constitutional rights, he asked her what was in the ball
wrapped in green plastic, and she responded that it was heroin she was selling.
She also admitted the small baggie of white crystal-like powder was her
methamphetamine. She told Deputy Charboneau the green plastic wrapped ball
contained around 8 ounces, and it would take her two to three weeks to sell it.
She charged $10 for a gram. The ball belonged to her and Swanson, and
Swanson helped her sell it. She also explained she would accept preloaded debit
cards in exchange for heroin. After making those statements, Butler removed the
smaller ball of heroin from her bra. The jury convicted Butler of possession of
heroin with intent to deliver as charged in count one and possession of
methamphetamine, as charged in count two.
4 No. 75403-3-1/5
Butler appeals.
ANALYSIS
Butler argues the State did not present sufficient corroborating evidence to
establish the corpus delicti of possessing heroin with intent to deliver under
RCW 69.50.401(1).
A trial court may not admit the accused's extrajudicial incriminating
statements unless the State presents independent evidence of the corpus delicti of
the crime to corroborate the statements.3 The rule exists to prevent unjust
convictions based solely upon false confessions.4 A defendant's incriminating
statement alone is insufficient to establish that a crime took place.5 "In
determining whether there is sufficient independent evidence under the corpus
delicti rule, we view the evidence in the light most favorable to the State."6 The
independent evidence must provide prima facie corroboration of the crime
described in the incriminating statement.7 Prima facie corroboration "exists if the
independent evidence supports a 'logical and reasonable inference' of the facts
sought to be proved."5 Mere possession of a controlled substance does not
support an inference of intent to deliver. At least one additional fact must exist that
3 State v. Brockob, 159 Wn.2d 311, 327-28, 150 P.3d 59(2006). 4 State v. Vangerpen, 125 Wn.2d 782, 796, 888 P.2d 1177
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IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON DIVISION ONE
STATE OF WASHINGTON, ) No. 75403-3-1 : ? u247-4 .2 :11 ) rn Respondent, ) -n ) v. ) ti) o ) UNPUBLISHED OPINION 7.r. LEISHA MARIE BUTLER, ) ) FILED: March 5, 2018 TN) Appellant. ) )
VERELLEN, C.J. — Leisha Butler appeals her conviction for possession of a controlled substance with intent to manufacture or deliver, arguing admissions to
police were inadmissible for lack of corpus delicti. Because the State presented
sufficient corroborating evidence to establish the corpus delicti of possessing
heroin with intent to deliver, we affirm.
FACTS
On December 5, 2014, Snohomish County Sheriff's Deputy Charboneau
responded to a one car collision in Granite Falls. By the time officers arrived, the
vehicle was empty. Butler was the registered owner of the vehicle. While Deputy
Charboneau attempted to contact Butler, a neighbor told him there was someone
moving in and out of the woods nearby, watching the officers. The neighbor
pointed out the location, a small wooded area near residential areas. No. 75403-3-1/2
Deputy Charboneau walked into the woods and saw two legs sticking out
from under the bush. He called to the person, later identified as Butler's boyfriend,
John Swanson. When Deputy Charboneau saw Butler nearby and directed her to
stand up, he saw a green ball roll away from her left side. The ball was
approximately the size of a baseball or softball and was a dark substance wrapped
in light green cellophane.
As Deputy Charboneau went back into the woods to get the green ball, he
also found a small clear bag with white crystal powder inside and a red makeup
bag near where Butler was sitting. The makeup bag had syringes filled with a
brown substance. Nearby and partially covered up with branches, he also found a
black and brown duffle bag with a flashlight and wooden club tied to the outside.
There was a scale with residue inside the duffle bag. Swanson claimed the duffle
bag was his.
Police asked Butler if she had anything else on her person, and she
produced a golf ball sized ball of a brown tar-like substance in plastic wrapping
from inside her bra. A search incident to arrest also revealed $198 in cash and
eight preloaded debit cards, one in Butler's name. Butler also had nine gift cards
in her purse.
Police sent the substances to the Washington State Patrol Crime
Laboratory for testing. The green ball, weighed and tested without packaging, was
determined to be 199.79 grams of heroin. The golf ball sized item from Butler's
bra was also weighed and tested and was determined to be 25.31 grams of
2 No. 75403-3-1/3
heroin. The small clear bag with white crystal powder was determined to be 0.95
grams of methamphetamine.
The State charged Leisha Butler with possession of heroin with intent to
manufacture or deliver(count one), possession of methamphetamine (count two),
and possession of suboxone (count three). Count three was later dismissed.
Butler moved to dismiss count one, arguing there was insufficient evidence
establishing corpus delicti for the charge absent Butler's admissions. The trial
court considered the police reports for purposes of this hearing. Butler admitted to
police that the heroin that she had was for delivery and that she traded the heroin
for EBT1 cards and other items.
Butler possessed approximately 240 grams of heroin, numerous EBT cards
in different names and account numbers, and $198 in cash. Her codefendant had
$648 in cash and a scale. The court found that the State had established corpus
delicti based upon (i) the quantity of heroin, (ii) the numerous EBT cards with
different names and account numbers, and (iii) her codefendant's possession of a
large amount of cash and a scale. The court reasoned the first two factors alone
would be enough to establish corpus delicti for possession with intent to deliver,
adding that there was "without any doubt, sufficient evidence to overcome the
corpus delicti issue."2
1 "Electronic benefit transfer" cards are used for issuing welfare payments. 2 Report of Proceedings (Feb. 12, 2016) at 10.
3 No. 75403-3-1/4
Butler raised the corpus delicti issue again in limine to the trial court as it
applied to the admissibility of her statements regarding the intent to deliver charge.
The court reserved its ruling and instructed the State not to mention Butler's
statements until corpus delicti had been established through testimony.
Narcotics Detective Jarrod Seth did not take part in the investigation in this
case but testified about his extensive experience and knowledge of larger-scale
drug trafficking organizations. Detective Seth explained the price of different
quantities of heroin.
The court ruled the State had met its burden to independently establish
possession with intent to deliver heroin. The court allowed the State to present
Butler's admission to the jury. Deputy Charboneau told the jury that after he
advised Butler of her constitutional rights, he asked her what was in the ball
wrapped in green plastic, and she responded that it was heroin she was selling.
She also admitted the small baggie of white crystal-like powder was her
methamphetamine. She told Deputy Charboneau the green plastic wrapped ball
contained around 8 ounces, and it would take her two to three weeks to sell it.
She charged $10 for a gram. The ball belonged to her and Swanson, and
Swanson helped her sell it. She also explained she would accept preloaded debit
cards in exchange for heroin. After making those statements, Butler removed the
smaller ball of heroin from her bra. The jury convicted Butler of possession of
heroin with intent to deliver as charged in count one and possession of
methamphetamine, as charged in count two.
4 No. 75403-3-1/5
Butler appeals.
ANALYSIS
Butler argues the State did not present sufficient corroborating evidence to
establish the corpus delicti of possessing heroin with intent to deliver under
RCW 69.50.401(1).
A trial court may not admit the accused's extrajudicial incriminating
statements unless the State presents independent evidence of the corpus delicti of
the crime to corroborate the statements.3 The rule exists to prevent unjust
convictions based solely upon false confessions.4 A defendant's incriminating
statement alone is insufficient to establish that a crime took place.5 "In
determining whether there is sufficient independent evidence under the corpus
delicti rule, we view the evidence in the light most favorable to the State."6 The
independent evidence must provide prima facie corroboration of the crime
described in the incriminating statement.7 Prima facie corroboration "exists if the
independent evidence supports a 'logical and reasonable inference' of the facts
sought to be proved."5 Mere possession of a controlled substance does not
support an inference of intent to deliver. At least one additional fact must exist that
3 State v. Brockob, 159 Wn.2d 311, 327-28, 150 P.3d 59(2006). 4 State v. Vangerpen, 125 Wn.2d 782, 796, 888 P.2d 1177(1995). 5 Brockob, 159 Wn.2d at 328. 6 Id. 7 Id. 8 Id.
5 No. 75403-3-1/6
suggests an intent to deliver.9 Washington courts have recognized the quantity of
drugs and nature of packaging, among other circumstances, support an inference
of possession with intent to deliver.1°
Butler relies on State v. Cobelli where this court held "[m]ere possession,
without more, does not raise an inference of the intent to deliver."11 The court
acknowledged Cobelli possessed several bags of marijuana, but there was no
evidence that such an amount was associated with an intent to deliver.12 Cobelli
also removed cash from his pockets, but the record did not establish an amount.13
Here, Deputy Charboneau testified that Butler had a 25.31 gram ball of
heroin in her bra and a 199.79 gram ball of heroin that rolled away from her when
she stood up. Butler also had a large amount of cash, preloaded debit cards, and
gift cards. The codefendant, Swanson, had a scale with heroin residue, and he
was hiding with Butler. This testimony provides a sufficient basis to persuade a
fair-minded, rational fact finder there was an intent to deliver heroin.
9 State v. O'Connor, 155 Wn. App. 282, 290, 229 P.3d 880(2010. 1° See State v. Simpson, 22 Wn. App. 572, 575-76, 590 P.2d 1276 (1979); State v. Harris, 14 Wn. App. 414,418-19, 542 P.2d 122(1975). 11 56 Wn. App. 921, 925, 788 P.2d 1081 (1989)(emphasis added). 12 Id. at 924-25. 13 Id.
6 No. 75403-3-1/7
We conclude the trial court properly found the State presented sufficient
corroborating evidence establishing the corpus delicti of possession of heroin with
intent to deliver.
We affirm.
WE CONCUR: 4 .--------- 404te/ , 1-l eti CA< 0 y ti