State Of Washington v. Kenneth Forga

• Court: Court of Appeals of Washington
• Decided: July 7, 2015
• Docket: 45814-4
• Status: Unpublished

Opinion

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IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASH]

DIVISION II

STATE OF WASHINGTON, No. 45814 -4 -II

Respondent,

V.

KENNETH RAYMOND FORGA, UNPUBLISHED OPINION

LEE, J. — Kenneth Raymond Forga appeals the sentence he received for his convictions on

two counts of delivery of methamphetamine within 1, 000 feet of a school bus route stop, one count

of possession of methamphetamine with intent to deliver, and one count of unlawful possession of

morphine. In support of his appeal, Forga argues that he received ineffective assistance of counsel

when counsel did not investigate Forga' s eligibility for a drug offender sentencing alternative

DOSA) and did not ask the sentencing court to impose a DOSA.

In a statement of additional grounds for review ( SAG), Forga also argues that his

convictions should be overturned because: ( 1) defense counsel was ineffective for failing to

interview Forga' s witnesses, ( 2) the State violated his Fourth Amendment rights by handcuffing

search warrant was executed, ( 3) the search warrant him and placing him in a police car while the

for Forga' s trailer was invalid because the warrant application misstated his middle name in the

caption, and ( 4) insufficient evidence existed to convict Forga because ( a) none of the money from No. 45814- 4- 11

the controlled buys was located, (b) the confidential informant admitted to using drugs in violation

of her agreement with the police, and ( c) the officers could not see the confidential informant at

all times.

We hold that because Forga does not show prejudice, his ineffective assistance of counsel

claim fails. We also hold that the issues raised in his SAG have no merit. Accordingly, we affirm

Forga' s convictions.

FACTS

Debbie Miesbauer contacted Cowlitz-Wahkiakum Narcotics Task Force Detective Phillip

Thoma, expressing a desire to be a confidential informant ( CI). Pursuant to her agreement with

Detective Thoma, Miesbauer would be paid $20 for every controlled buy and was to refrain from

using drugs. Miesbauer admitted at trial that she had used methamphetamine during the time of

the agreement, but there was no argument made, nor evidence to suggest, that she was under the

influence during the controlled buys.

Kenneth Forga was targeted by the task force as a potential dealer of methamphetamine.

Detective Thoma set up controlled buys with Miesbauer from Forga on June 28, 2013 and July 2,

2013. On June 28, Detective Thoma searched Miesbauer for any drugs or money, noted she did

not appear to be high, gave her $ 80 to buy methamphetamine, and watched her walk to Forga' s

trailer residence. Miesbauer returned with methamphetamine and stated she had purchased it from

Forga. On July 2, Detective Thoma again searched Miesbauer for money and drugs, but this time

gave Miesbauer $ 50. Miesbauer again returned from Forga' s residence with methamphetamine,

and told Detective Thoma she had purchased it from Forga.

2 No. 458144- 11

After the second controlled buy, Detective Thoma wrote a search warrant application for

the residence where Miesbauer purchased the methamphetamine. In the caption of the warrant

application, Detective Thoma wrote " Kenneth Michael Forga, Jr." as the resident of the trailer to

be searched. Verbatim Report of Proceedings ( VRP) at 132. In the body of the warrant

application, Detective Thoma wrote " Kenneth R. Forga." VRP at 132. Forga' s real name is

Kenneth Raymond Forga. At trial, Detective Thoma testified that the name " Michael" was a typo,

and the defendant, Kenneth R. Forga, was the subject of the search. VRP at 132.

During the search of the trailer pursuant to the warrant, the police found two tablets of

hydrocodone, several small plastic baggies with methamphetamine residue, two baggies

containing 0.2 grams of methamphetamine; two morphine tablets, a spoon, a straw, several unused

baggies, and a digital scale with methamphetamine residue on it. The police also found a cigar

box containing several small baggies of methamphetamine, a food stamp card with Forga' s name

on it, and a pay/ owe sheet listing narcotics sales. No money was found in the trailer, and the

money found on Forga did not match the money used in the controlled buys.

While the police were searching the trailer, a cell phone on the coffee table rang. A

detective answered, and the caller asked if he could stop by. The caller indicated that he wanted a

20," which the detective knew meant $20 worth of methamphetamine. VRP at 247. The detective

asked if the caller wanted " crystal" or " white," which are street names for methamphetamine, and

the caller said that is what he wanted. VRP at 247. When the caller arrived approximately five

minutes later, the caller was arrested.

Forga was charged with two counts of delivery of methamphetamine within 1, 000 feet of

a school bus route stop, one count of possession of methamphetamine with intent to deliver, one

3 No. 45814 -4 -II

count of unlawful possession of hydrocodone, and one count of unlawful possession of morphine.

A two day jury trial was held; Forga stipulated to the location of his trailer being within 1, 000 feet

of a school bus route stop. The jury returned guilty verdicts on all charges except the unlawful

possession of hydrocodone.

At sentencing, the State asked for 108 months in custody and 12 months of community

custody based on Forga' s offender score of four, the enhancements, and the lack of accountability.

Forga had taken for his conduct. The defense asked for a total sentence of 68 months, citing

Forga' s advanced age, limited available good time credit due to the enhancements, minimal

criminal history, and minimal value of the drug transactions. Forga then addressed the sentencing

court in regard to his sentencing: " I don' t deal so I don' t know where the kindthey're trying to

put me in at 48 months. That' s just uncalled for.... I just don' t think I' m— I should be getting

any— any time." VRP at 329- 30. The sentencing judge then made the following ruling, " Mr.

Forga, I understand you may not agree with the findings of the jury. But, after a jury trial, you

have been found guilty and it is based on that that I am sentencing you here today. In regard—

and what I listen to and try to look at is whether or not someone takes responsibility. And, I' m not

hearing that." VRP at 330.

Forga was sentenced to 108 months in prison with 12 months community custody. Forga

appeals.

ANALYSIS

A. INEFFECTIVE ASSISTANCE OF COUNSEL: FAILURE TO REQUEST A DOSA

Forga claims his defense counsel' s " failure to investigate and request a DOSA denied

Forga his constitutional right to effective representation, and his case must be remanded for re- No. 45814 -4 -II

sentencing." Br. of Appellant at 12. Forga argues that his defense counsel was aware that Forga

had a drug problem, and that he met all of the statutory eligibility requirements for a DOSA

consideration. Forga claims that he was prejudiced because if the trial court had imposed a DOSA,

he would have been sentenced to less time in confinement and could have received treatment while

in confinement.

To establish ineffective assistance of counsel, a defendant must show both deficient

performance and resulting prejudice. State v. Grier, 171 Wn.2d 17, 33- 34, 246 P. 3d 1260 ( 2011);

State v. McFarland, 127 Wn.2d 322, 334- 35, 899 P. 2d 1251 ( 1995). Deficient performance occurs

when counsel' s performance falls below an objective standard of reasonableness. State v. Stenson,

132 Wn.2d 668, 705, 940 P. 2d 1239. ( 1997), cert. denied, 523 U. S. 1008 ( 1998). To show

prejudice, a defendant must demonstrate that there is a probability that, but for counsel' s deficient

performance, " the result of the proceeding would have -been different." McFarland, 127 Wn.2d at

335. If the defendant fails to satisfy either prong, the court need not inquire further. State v.

Hendrickson, 129 Wn.2d 6.1, 78, 917 P. 2d 563 ( 1996). There is a strong presumption of effective

assistance, and the defendant bears the burden of demonstrating the. absence of a strategic reason

for the challenged conduct. State v. McNeal, 145 Wn.2d 352, 362, 37 P. 3d 280 ( 2002). " If the

facts necessary to adjudicate the claimed error are not in the record on appeal, no actual prejudice

is shown and the error is not manifest." McFarland, 127 Wn.2d at 333.

A DOSA is intended to provide treatment to offenders judged likely to benefit from

treatment. State v. Grayson, 154 Wn.2d 333, 337, 111 P. 3d 1183 ( 2005). A trial court has

discretion to grant a DOSA if the offender meets all of the statutory criteria. RCW 9. 94A.660.

The trial court' s decision whether to grant a DOSA generally is not reviewable. Grayson, 154

5 No. 45814 -4 -II

Wn.2d at 338. But, an offender may challenge the procedure under which his sentence was

imposed. Grayson, 154 Wn.2d at 338. Here, Forga is not challenging the trial court' s failure to

impose a DOSA, but is instead arguing that his counsel was ineffective for not investigating

whether a DOSA was appropriate and for not requesting that the sentencing judge consider a

DOSA in his case. 1

We assume, without deciding, that Forga would,likely have been eligible for a DOSA had

one been requested. Our inquiry thus turns to whether Forga' s defense counsel acted unreasonably

when he failed to investigate or recommend a DOSA. We hold Forga' s defense counsel was not

deficient because counsel requested a sentence that would have been less than the total length of a

sentence under a DOSA.

When a DOSA is applied, the court sentences a defendant to confinement for one- half the

midpoint of the standard range and community custody for one- half the midpoint of the standard

range. RCW 9. 94A.662( 1). Here, Forga' s standard sentencing range, with the enhancements, was

68 to 108 months. Therefore, under a DOSA, Forga would have been sentenced to 44 months of

confinement and 44 months of community custody, for a total of 88 months. Defense counsel

requested a total sentence of 68 months. Choosing to pursue a lesser total sentence cannot be said

to fall below an objective standard of reasonableness. Therefore, we hold that even if the record

1 While Forga claims trial counsel was ineffective for not investigating whether a DOSA sentence was appropriate and for not requesting a DOSA sentence, the record is devoid of any evidence showing that defense counsel did not investigate whether a DOSA sentence was appropriate for Forga or that Forga even wanted a DOSA sentence.

2 No. 45814 -4 -Il

shows Forga was eligible for a DOSA, his defense counsel was not deficient in failing to

investigate or request a DOSA.

Even if we were to decide Forga' s defense counsel was deficient in failing to investigate

and request a DOSA, Forga cannot establish he was prejudiced by the decision. Forga does not

argue that the sentencing court would have likely granted a DOSA had it been requested; he

contends only that the court would have been required to consider the option. This argument,

while true, is insufficient to establish the prejudice necessary to prevail on a claim for ineffective

assistance of counsel. See Grayson, 154 Wn.2d at 342 ( holding, " While no defendant is entitled

to an exceptional sentence below the standard range, every defendant is entitled to ask the trial

court to consider such a sentence and to have the alternative actually considered."). There is no

indication in the record that the trial court would have given Forga a DOSA sentence. In fact, the

record strongly indicates otherwise.

The decision to authorize a DOSA sentence rests solely in the trial court' s discretion. State

v. Hender, 180 Wn. App. 895, 900, 324 P. 3d 780 ( 2014) ( holding " eligibility does not

automatically lead to a DOSA sentence. Instead, under RCW 9. 94A. 660( 3), the sentencing court

must still determine that the ` alternative sentence is appropriate."') ( quoting State v. Barton, 121

Wn. App. 792, 795, 90 P. 3d 1138 ( 2004)); see also State v. Conners, 90 Wn. App. 48, 53, 950

P. 2d 519 ( 1998). Forga does not show there was a reasonable probability that even if he had asked

for a DOSA sentence, the trial court would have granted Forga' s request.

Forga refused to take responsibility for his conduct. Forga told the trial judge at his

sentencing hearing, " I don' t deal so I don' t know where the kind— they're trying to put me in for

48 months. That' s just uncalled for." VRP at 329. And the trial judge based Forga' s sentence on

7 No. 45814 -4 -II

that refusal to accept responsibility. In sentencing Forga to the State' s recommended 108 months

confinement and 12 months community custody, the trial judge admonished, " what I listen to and

to look is whether or not someone takes responsibility. And, I' m not hearing that." VRP at try at

330. Thus, Forga cannot show there was a reasonable probability that the trial court would have

given him a DOSA even if counsel had raised it. Consequently, Forga fails to establish prejudice.

Forga' s failure to show prejudice defeats his ineffective assistance of counsel argument.

Hendrickson, 129 Wn.2d at 78.

B. SAG IssvEs

In his statement of additional grounds for review, Forga complains that ( 1) his counsel did

not interview his witnesses, ( 2) he was placed in handcuffs in the police car while his. trailer was

searched, ( 3) the warrant was invalid because it had the wrong name, and (4) insufficient evidence

supports his convictions because ( a) the money from the controlled buys was not found on him, '

b) the Cl used drugs in violation of her agreement with the task force, and ( c) the police could not

see his motorhome during the controlled buys. We hold that Forga' s SAG claims have no merit.

1. Counsel' s Failure to Interview Forga' s Witnesses

Forga argues that he received ineffective assistance of counsel because his trial counsel did

not interview any of Forga' s witnesses. The record before us does not mention the existence of

any defense witnesses. Forga' s arguments on this point must rely on matters outside the record,

and we do not consider arguments relying on matters outside the record. McFarland, 127 Wn.2d

at 335. No. 45814- 4- 11

2. Restraint during Execution of Search Warrant

Forga argues that he was handcuffed and placed in a police car during the search of his

trailer. Presumably, he claims that this was a violation of his Fourth Amendment rights against

unlawful search and seizure. Here, the record contains no information that Forga was handcuffed

or placed in a police car during the search. As the reviewing court, we do not consider arguments

that rely on matters outside the trial court record. McFdrland, 127 Wn.2d at 335.

3. Incorrect Middle Name on the Search Warrant Application

Forga next argues that the search warrant executed on his trailer was invalid because the

caption of the warrant application misstated Forga' s name as " Kenneth Michael Forga, Jr.," when

Forga' s real name is Kenneth Raymond Forga, Jr. VRP at 132. The record does not show that a

suppression motion on this issue was made in the trial court, thus Forga has not preserved this

issue for appeal.

As a general rule, search and seizure issues must be raised below to be preserved for appeal.

See e. g. State v. Tarica, 59 Wn. App. 368, 798 P.2d 296 ( 1990), overruled on other grounds,

McFarland, .127 Wn.2d 322. However, search and seizure issues may be raised for the first time

on appeal where ( 1) a court issues a new, controlling opinion regarding a constitutional

interpretation material to the defendant' s case, ( 2) that interpretation overrules a constitutional

interpretation controlling at the time, ( 3) the new interpretation applies retroactively to the

defendant' s case, and ( 4) the defendant' s trial was completed before the new case containing the

new interpretation was filed. State v. Robinson, 171 Wn.2d 292, 307- 08, 253 P. 2d 84 ( 2011).

Forga has not cited the existence of such a case. Consequently, Forga' s claim fails.

Oj No. 45814 -4 -II

4. Sufficiency of the Evidence Claims

Forga argues that there was insufficient evidence to convict him because ( a) money from

the controlled buys was not found on him, (b) the CI admitted to using drugs during the time she

was cooperating with the police, and ( c) the officers could not have seen Forga' s trailer during the

controlled buys. We disagree.

Where a criminal defendant challenges the sufficiency of the evidence in a criminal case,

we draw all reasonable inferences from the evidence in favor of the State and interpret them

strongly against the defendant. State v. Ward, 148 Wn.2d 803, 815, 64 P. 3d 640 ( 2003). Evidence

is sufficient to support a conviction if, after viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the

State, any rational trier of fact could have found guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. State v. Salinas,

119 Wn.2d 192, 201, 829 P. 2d 1068 ( 1992). Circumstantial and direct evidence are equally

reliable. State v. Delmarter, 94 Wn. 2d 634, 638, 618 P. 2d 99 ( 1980). The trier of fact determines

credibility. State v. Casbeer, 48 Wn. App. 539, 542, 740 P. 2d 335 ( 1987), review denied, 109

Wn.2d 1008 ( 1987).

To convict Forga of u ' nlawful delivery of a controlled substance, the State had to prove

beyond a reasonable doubt that Forga knowingly delivered a controlled substance. RCW

69. 50. 401( 1). To convict Forga of unlawful possession of a controlled substance, the State had to

prove beyond a reasonable doubt that Forga possessed a controlled substance without a valid

prescription. RCW 69. 50. 4013( 1). To convict Forga of possession of methamphetamine with

intent to deliver, the State had to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that Forga possessed a

controlled substance and intended to deliver that controlled substance to another. RCW

10 No. 45814 -4 -II

69. 50. 401( 1). Viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the State, the State met these

burdens.

First, Forga argues that there is insufficient evidence to convict him because none of the

money used in the controlled buys was found on him. However, the State presented testimony

from Miesbauer, Detectives Thoma and James Hanberry, Officer Brian Streissguth, and others, to

support its case against Forga. Miesbauer testified that Forga sold her methamphetamine on both

controlled buys, and at other times prior. Detectives Thoma and Hanberry and Officer Streissguth

all testified that the evidence they collected during the search of Forga' s trailer led them to

conclude Forga was dealing methamphetamine. Consequently, Forga' s argument fails because

sufficient evidence was presented to allow a reasonable juror to find guilt beyond a reasonable

doubt. Salinas, 119 Wn.2d at 201.

Next, Forga points out that Miesbauer admitted to using drugs during the time she was

working with the police, despite the agreement she had with the police to not use drugs. To the

extent Forga argues that Miesbauer' s drug use compromised her as a Cl or her testimony, Forga' s

argument asks us to determine Miesbauer' s credibility as a witness. We do not. review the

credibility of witnesses. See e. g. Casbeer, 48 Wn. App. at 542. Therefore, we hold that Forga' s

claim fails.

Finally, Forga argues that the police could not have seen his motor home through their

binoculars because there were obstructions in the way. To the extent Forga argues that this

compromised any testimony they gave about what they saw, Forga' s argument asks us to comment

on Detective Hanberry' s credibility as a witness. Again, we do not review the credibility of

witnesses. See e. g. Casbeer, 48 Wn. App. at 542. Therefore, we hold that Forga' s. claim fails.

11 No. 45814 -4 -II

We affirm Forga' s convictions.

A majority of the panel determining that this opinion will not be published in the

Washington Appellate Reports, but will be filed for public record in accordance with RCW

2. 06. 040, it is so ordered.

Lee, J. We concur:

irswWoick, P. J.

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