NOTICE: SLIP OPINION (not the court’s final written decision)
The opinion that begins on the next page is a slip opinion. Slip opinions are the written opinions that are originally filed by the court. A slip opinion is not necessarily the court’s final written decision. Slip opinions can be changed by subsequent court orders. For example, a court may issue an order making substantive changes to a slip opinion or publishing for precedential purposes a previously “unpublished” opinion. Additionally, nonsubstantive edits (for style, grammar, citation, format, punctuation, etc.) are made before the opinions that have precedential value are published in the official reports of court decisions: the Washington Reports 2d and the Washington Appellate Reports. An opinion in the official reports replaces the slip opinion as the official opinion of the court. The slip opinion that begins on the next page is for a published opinion, and it has since been revised for publication in the printed official reports. The official text of the court’s opinion is found in the advance sheets and the bound volumes of the official reports. Also, an electronic version (intended to mirror the language found in the official reports) of the revised opinion can be found, free of charge, at this website: https://www.lexisnexis.com/clients/wareports. For more information about precedential (published) opinions, nonprecedential (unpublished) opinions, slip opinions, and the official reports, see https://www.courts.wa.gov/opinions and the information that is linked there. For the current opinion, go to https://www.lexisnexis.com/clients/wareports/. Filed Washington State Court of Appeals Division Two
April 26, 2022
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON
DIVISION II STATE OF WASHINGTON, No. 55584-1-II
Appellant,
v. PUBLISHED OPINION
JEREMY DUSTIN HUBBARD,
Respondent.
WORSWICK, J. — The State appeals the trial court’s order granting Jeremy Hubbard’s
motion to modify the conditions of his community custody and allowing him unsupervised
contact with his children and grandchildren. The State argues that the motion to modify was
time barred and that the trial court lacked authority to modify the conditions of Hubbard’s
community custody. We disagree and affirm the trial court’s order granting Hubbard’s motion to
modify the terms of his community custody.
FACTS
In 2005, Hubbard pleaded guilty to first degree child rape, domestic violence. The victim
was his seven year old stepdaughter. The trial court imposed a special sexual offender
sentencing alternative (SSOSA). In June 2006, the trial court revoked the suspension of
Hubbard’s 123-month prison sentence after finding that Hubbard had violated the conditions of
his SSOSA. For the current opinion, go to https://www.lexisnexis.com/clients/wareports/.
No. 55584-1-II
Hubbard was released from prison in March 2015, subject to lifetime community
custody. Hubbard’s community custody conditions included prohibiting him from possessing or
accessing sexually explicit materials, prohibiting him from remaining overnight in a residence
where minor children live without prior approval from his CCO, prohibiting him from dating
individuals or forming relationships with families who have minor children without prior
approval from his Community Corrections Officer (CCO), and prohibiting him from using,
possessing, or controlling any alcohol.
In May 2020, Hubbard moved to modify his lifetime community custody conditions.
Hubbard’s new wife was pregnant with their first child, and he sought to modify his community
custody conditions to permit unsupervised contact with his biological children and any future
grandchildren. Hubbard also sought to be able to attend public events where his children or
grandchildren were participating such as concerts, plays, and sporting events. Additionally,
Hubbard asked the trial court to modify the community custody conditions to allow alcohol in
his home, to allow Hubbard to go to casinos, and to allow Hubbard to view adult, legal
pornography. The trial court granted Hubbard’s motion to modify but required that Hubbard’s
contact with his children and grandchildren be supervised.
In December 2020, Hubbard filed another motion to modify his community custody
conditions, seeking unsupervised contact with his infant daughter. The State opposed Hubbard’s
motion, arguing that the trial court lacked jurisdiction to modify the sentence and that even if it
had jurisdiction, unsupervised contact was inappropriate. The trial court concluded that it had
the authority to modify community custody conditions under CrR 7.8(b)(5) and granted
Hubbard’s motion to modify his community custody conditions to permit unsupervised contact
2 For the current opinion, go to https://www.lexisnexis.com/clients/wareports/.
with his children and grandchildren. The trial court’s modification order provided that if the
State developed a reasonable suspicion that Hubbard poses a threat to community safety,
including that of his children or grandchildren, it has the authority to immediately reinstate the
no contact provisions or require that contact be supervised, subject to later review by the superior
court.
The State appeals the trial court’s order modifying Hubbard’s community custody
conditions to allow unsupervised contact with Hubbard’s children and grandchildren.
ANALYSIS
I. TIMELINESS
As an initial matter, the State argues that Hubbard’s motion is time barred. CrR 7.8(b)
provides that a motion brought under CrR 7.8(b)(5) must be made “within a reasonable time.”
Hubbard’s motion to modify satisfies this requirement. He brought his motion to modify three
months prior to the birth of his child and renewed the motion six months after she was born.
Given that the grounds justifying relief did not arise until Hubbard became a parent, Hubbard
brought his motion “within a reasonable time” by filing it when the circumstance arose.
Our timeliness inquiry does not end with CrR 7.8, however. A CrR 7.8 motion “is further
subject to RCW 10.73.090, .100, .130, and .140.” RCW 10.73.090 provides, “No petition or
motion for collateral attack on a judgment and sentence in a criminal case may be filed more
than one year after the judgment becomes final if the judgment and sentence is valid on its face
and was rendered by a court of competent jurisdiction.” The time limit does not apply if the
3 For the current opinion, go to https://www.lexisnexis.com/clients/wareports/.
petition is based on one or more of the statutory exceptions identified in RCW 10.73.100,
including newly discovered evidence uncovered with reasonable diligence.1
In determining whether the exemption for newly discovered evidence has merit, we
employ the same standard as that applicable to motions for a new trial based on newly
discovered evidence. In re Pers. Restraint of Lord, 123 Wn.2d 296, 319-20, 868 P.2d 835
(1994). Specifically, the evidence must (1) be such that it would probably change the result; (2)
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NOTICE: SLIP OPINION (not the court’s final written decision)
The opinion that begins on the next page is a slip opinion. Slip opinions are the written opinions that are originally filed by the court. A slip opinion is not necessarily the court’s final written decision. Slip opinions can be changed by subsequent court orders. For example, a court may issue an order making substantive changes to a slip opinion or publishing for precedential purposes a previously “unpublished” opinion. Additionally, nonsubstantive edits (for style, grammar, citation, format, punctuation, etc.) are made before the opinions that have precedential value are published in the official reports of court decisions: the Washington Reports 2d and the Washington Appellate Reports. An opinion in the official reports replaces the slip opinion as the official opinion of the court. The slip opinion that begins on the next page is for a published opinion, and it has since been revised for publication in the printed official reports. The official text of the court’s opinion is found in the advance sheets and the bound volumes of the official reports. Also, an electronic version (intended to mirror the language found in the official reports) of the revised opinion can be found, free of charge, at this website: https://www.lexisnexis.com/clients/wareports. For more information about precedential (published) opinions, nonprecedential (unpublished) opinions, slip opinions, and the official reports, see https://www.courts.wa.gov/opinions and the information that is linked there. For the current opinion, go to https://www.lexisnexis.com/clients/wareports/. Filed Washington State Court of Appeals Division Two
April 26, 2022
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON
DIVISION II STATE OF WASHINGTON, No. 55584-1-II
Appellant,
v. PUBLISHED OPINION
JEREMY DUSTIN HUBBARD,
Respondent.
WORSWICK, J. — The State appeals the trial court’s order granting Jeremy Hubbard’s
motion to modify the conditions of his community custody and allowing him unsupervised
contact with his children and grandchildren. The State argues that the motion to modify was
time barred and that the trial court lacked authority to modify the conditions of Hubbard’s
community custody. We disagree and affirm the trial court’s order granting Hubbard’s motion to
modify the terms of his community custody.
FACTS
In 2005, Hubbard pleaded guilty to first degree child rape, domestic violence. The victim
was his seven year old stepdaughter. The trial court imposed a special sexual offender
sentencing alternative (SSOSA). In June 2006, the trial court revoked the suspension of
Hubbard’s 123-month prison sentence after finding that Hubbard had violated the conditions of
his SSOSA. For the current opinion, go to https://www.lexisnexis.com/clients/wareports/.
No. 55584-1-II
Hubbard was released from prison in March 2015, subject to lifetime community
custody. Hubbard’s community custody conditions included prohibiting him from possessing or
accessing sexually explicit materials, prohibiting him from remaining overnight in a residence
where minor children live without prior approval from his CCO, prohibiting him from dating
individuals or forming relationships with families who have minor children without prior
approval from his Community Corrections Officer (CCO), and prohibiting him from using,
possessing, or controlling any alcohol.
In May 2020, Hubbard moved to modify his lifetime community custody conditions.
Hubbard’s new wife was pregnant with their first child, and he sought to modify his community
custody conditions to permit unsupervised contact with his biological children and any future
grandchildren. Hubbard also sought to be able to attend public events where his children or
grandchildren were participating such as concerts, plays, and sporting events. Additionally,
Hubbard asked the trial court to modify the community custody conditions to allow alcohol in
his home, to allow Hubbard to go to casinos, and to allow Hubbard to view adult, legal
pornography. The trial court granted Hubbard’s motion to modify but required that Hubbard’s
contact with his children and grandchildren be supervised.
In December 2020, Hubbard filed another motion to modify his community custody
conditions, seeking unsupervised contact with his infant daughter. The State opposed Hubbard’s
motion, arguing that the trial court lacked jurisdiction to modify the sentence and that even if it
had jurisdiction, unsupervised contact was inappropriate. The trial court concluded that it had
the authority to modify community custody conditions under CrR 7.8(b)(5) and granted
Hubbard’s motion to modify his community custody conditions to permit unsupervised contact
2 For the current opinion, go to https://www.lexisnexis.com/clients/wareports/.
with his children and grandchildren. The trial court’s modification order provided that if the
State developed a reasonable suspicion that Hubbard poses a threat to community safety,
including that of his children or grandchildren, it has the authority to immediately reinstate the
no contact provisions or require that contact be supervised, subject to later review by the superior
court.
The State appeals the trial court’s order modifying Hubbard’s community custody
conditions to allow unsupervised contact with Hubbard’s children and grandchildren.
ANALYSIS
I. TIMELINESS
As an initial matter, the State argues that Hubbard’s motion is time barred. CrR 7.8(b)
provides that a motion brought under CrR 7.8(b)(5) must be made “within a reasonable time.”
Hubbard’s motion to modify satisfies this requirement. He brought his motion to modify three
months prior to the birth of his child and renewed the motion six months after she was born.
Given that the grounds justifying relief did not arise until Hubbard became a parent, Hubbard
brought his motion “within a reasonable time” by filing it when the circumstance arose.
Our timeliness inquiry does not end with CrR 7.8, however. A CrR 7.8 motion “is further
subject to RCW 10.73.090, .100, .130, and .140.” RCW 10.73.090 provides, “No petition or
motion for collateral attack on a judgment and sentence in a criminal case may be filed more
than one year after the judgment becomes final if the judgment and sentence is valid on its face
and was rendered by a court of competent jurisdiction.” The time limit does not apply if the
3 For the current opinion, go to https://www.lexisnexis.com/clients/wareports/.
petition is based on one or more of the statutory exceptions identified in RCW 10.73.100,
including newly discovered evidence uncovered with reasonable diligence.1
In determining whether the exemption for newly discovered evidence has merit, we
employ the same standard as that applicable to motions for a new trial based on newly
discovered evidence. In re Pers. Restraint of Lord, 123 Wn.2d 296, 319-20, 868 P.2d 835
(1994). Specifically, the evidence must (1) be such that it would probably change the result; (2)
have been discovered since trial; (3) not have been discoverable before trial by the exercise of
due diligence, (4) be material, and (5) not be merely cumulative or impeaching. Lord, 123
Wn.2d at 320. “‘[N]ewly discovered evidence’ is grounds for relief in a personal restraint
proceeding only if ‘[m]aterial facts exist which have not been previously presented and heard,
which in the interest of justice require vacation of the conviction [or] sentence . . .’” In re Pers.
Restraint of Jeffries, 114 Wn.2d 485, 493, 789 P.2d 731 (1990) (quoting RAP 16.4(c)(3)).
The newly discovered evidence here—Hubbard’s new status as a parent—meets this
standard. Had Hubbard been a biological parent to a non-victim child at the time of sentencing,
the trial court would have considered whether the community custody condition prohibiting all
contact with minors was reasonably necessary balanced against Hubbard’s fundamental right to
parent. It is undisputed that this evidence was discovered after trial and that it was not
discoverable before trial, as Hubbard did not become a biological parent until 15 years later.
1 The trial court did not grant Hubbard’s motion on the basis that it was timely under RCW 10.73.100(1)’s newly discovered evidence exception. But we can affirm the superior court on any grounds supported by the record. State v. Streepy, 199 Wn. App. 487, 500, 400 P.3d 339 (2017).
4 For the current opinion, go to https://www.lexisnexis.com/clients/wareports/.
Further, Hubbard’s new status as a biological parent is material to whether the community
custody conditions are constitutional. And the new evidence is not cumulative nor impeaching.
Moreover, the newly discovered evidence here—Hubbard’s new status as a parent—
requires modification of the sentence in the interest of justice. “[T]he right to the care, custody,
and companionship of one’s children constitutes a fundamental constitutional right, so
sentencing conditions burdening this right ‘must be sensitively imposed so that they are
reasonably necessary to accomplish the essential needs of the State and public order.’” McGuire,
12 Wn. App. 2d at 95 (quoting Rainey, 168 Wn.2d at 377 (internal quotations omitted)). In the
15 years since his conviction, Hubbard has completed his prison sentence, completed sex
offender treatment, obtained and maintained employment and housing, and re-married and had a
child. He has not been charged with any additional offenses and has substantially complied with
the terms of his community custody.
Accordingly, because Hubbard’s motion is based upon newly discovered evidence, his
CrR 7.8 motion is not time barred.
II. THE TRIAL COURT’S AUTHORITY
The State also argues that the trial court lacked authority to modify the conditions of
Hubbard’s community custody. We disagree.
The superior court has authority, on motion and upon such terms as are just, to relieve a
party from a final judgment for “‘[a]ny other reason justifying relief from the operation of the
judgment.’” State v. Smith, 159 Wn. App. 694, 700, 247 P.3d 775 (2011) (alteration in original)
(quoting CrR 7.8(b)(5)). Final judgments should be vacated or altered “only in those limited
circumstances, “where the interests of justice most urgently require.” State v. Shove, 113 Wn.2d
5 For the current opinion, go to https://www.lexisnexis.com/clients/wareports/.
83, 88, 776 P.2d 132 (1989). “A violation of a fundamental constitutional right, such as the right
to parent, would be a reason to justify relief.” State v. McGuire, 12 Wn. App. 2d 88, 94, 456
P.3d 1193 (2020). “CrR 7.8(b)(5) will not apply when the circumstances used to justify the
relief existed at the time the judgment was entered.” Smith, 159 Wn. App. at 700.
We review a trial court’s decision on a CrR 7.8(b)(5) motion for abuse of discretion.
State v. Bratton, 193 Wn. App. 561, 563, 374 P.3d 178 (2016). “A trial court abuses its
discretion when it bases its decisions on untenable or unreasonable grounds.” Bratton, 193 Wn.
App. at 563.
The State contends that this case is nearly identical to our recent unpublished opinion in
State v. Hoch.2 Hoch is instructive but easily distinguishable. There, Hoch appealed the trial
court’s denial of his CrR 7.8 motion to modify the conditions of his community custody arguing
that the prohibition against having contact with any minors violated his fundamental right to the
care and companionship of his biological children. Hoch, No. 52256-0-II, slip op. at 1. We held
that the trial court lacked the authority to modify the conditions of his custody because Hoch did
not establish that the circumstances he used to justify relief did not exist at the time the judgment
was entered. Hoch, No. 52256-0-II, slip op. at 8. Specifically, we noted that Hoch failed to
show that his children did not exist or that he had no parental rights to protect at the time the
judgment was entered. Hoch, No. 52256-0-II, slip op. at 8.
2 State v. Hoch, No. 52256-0-II (Wash. Ct. App. June 2, 2020), https://www.courts.wa.gov/opinions/pdf/D2%2052256-0-II%20Unpublished%20Opinion.pdf. Unpublished opinions filed on or after March 1, 2013, may be cited as persuasive authority per GR 14.1.
6 For the current opinion, go to https://www.lexisnexis.com/clients/wareports/.
Here, unlike in Hoch, it is well established that Hubbard did not have any biological
children at the time the trial court entered his judgment and sentence in 2005. Hubbard had no
parental rights to protect until the birth of his child in 2020. The facts of this case are more
similar to McGuire, 12 Wn. App. 2d at 88. There, we held that McGuire was entitled to relief
under CrR 7.8(b)(5) from a no contact order prohibiting him from contacting the mother of his
child under any circumstances where the child had not yet been born when the no contact order
was entered. McGuire, 12 Wn. App. 2d at 93-95.
Because Hubbard’s argument to modify the community custody condition involved a
fundamental constitutional right to parent, which did not exist at the time the judgment was
entered, CrR 7.8(b)(5) applies, and the trial court had the authority to exercise its discretion.
We affirm.
Worswick, J. We concur:
Maxa, J.
Nevin, J. Pro Tempore*
* Judge Nevin is now serving as a judge pro tempore of the court pursuant to RCW 2.06.150.