IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON
STATE OF WASHINGTON, No. 73839-9-1 Respondent, DIVISION ONE V. ) UNPUBLISHED OPINION HAIDER T. AL-SHIBLAWI, ) B.D. 08/23/1997, ) ) Appellant. ) FILED: January 23, 2017
TRICKEY, J. — Haider Al-Shiblawi appeals his adjudication of guilt of assault c...)
in the second degree. Al-Shiblawi argues that his right to effective assistance of = •. counsel was violated when his trial counsel failed to object to a doctor's testimony
on the ground that it violated the confrontation clause. Al-Shiblawi was not
prejudiced by the admission of the doctor's testimony because the outcome of the
proceedings would not be changed by its omission. Therefore, he did not receive
ineffective assistance of counsel. We affirm.
FACTS
On March 26, 2014, Al-Shiblawi attacked I.M., a juvenile, at Thomas
Jefferson High School during lunchtime. Al-Shiblawi approached I.M., briefly
conversed with him, and suddenly struck I.M. in the head. I.M. fell down, and Al-
Shiblawi repeatedly punched and kicked him while he was on the ground. I.M. did
not fight back.
Federal Way Police Officer Travis Tilford is assigned to Thomas Jefferson
High School as a school resource officer. Officer Tilford and Dean of Students
Christian Storm were standing in the cafeteria when a female student alerted them No. 73839-9-1/ 2
about the altercation. Officer Tilford ran to the area, observed that Al-Shiblawi was
repeatedly kicking I.M., and arrested Al-Shiblawi. The incident was captured on
surveillance video and a cell phone video.
Immediately after the incident, I.M. felt intense pain in the right side of his
forehead, the back of his head was throbbing, and his lower lip was bleeding. He
was nauseous and could not get up or walk. I.M. was taken to Multicare Auburn
Medical Center's emergency room for treatment. Physician's Assistant Carol
Firmhart examined I.M. and prepared a medical report that included a diagnosis of
a head injury and a scalp hematoma.
The State charged Al-Shiblawi by amended information with assault in the
second degree, and alternatively with assault in the third degree.
At trial, Officer Tilford narrated the surveillance video of the incident in open
court. The court admitted several photographs of I.M.'s injuries into evidence. The
pictures taken soon after the incident showed that I.M. had a knot over his right
eye, and facial lacerations and swelling. Pictures taken two to five days after the
incident showed bruising on I.M.'s scalp, bruising around and over his right eye,
and a cut on his lower lip.
I.M. testified that he was nauseous for three days and had a headache for
two days after the incident. He could not move freely for a week. His facial bruising
took two weeks to fade, and the knot on his forehead took a month to go down.
He further testified that the bruised area of his scalp was still painful two months
after the incident.
2 No. 73839-9-1/ 3
Dr. Gregory Lopez testifiethabout I.M.'s medical condition. Physician's
Assistant Firmhart did not testify. Dr. Lopez testified that, pursuant to hospital
procedure, he had reviewed the medical report and signed off on it when it had
been created. Dr. Lopez testified that he did not have any personal knowledge of
I.M., and did not examine him. Dr. Lopez based his testimony on the medical
report.
Over the defense's hearsay objection, the court permitted Dr. Lopez to
testify about the medical report under the business records exception. Al-Shiblawi
did not raise a confrontation clause objection to Dr. Lopez's testimony at trial. The
medical record itself was not admitted as an exhibit.
Dr. Lopez was not offered as an expert witness by the State. The State's
witness list did not state that Dr. Lopez would testify as an expert witness.
The court found Al-Shiblawi guilty of assault in the second degree causing
substantial bodily harm.
Al-Shiblawi appeals.
ANALYSIS
Al-Shiblawi argues that his right to effective assistance of counsel was
violated when his attorney failed to object to Dr. Lopez's testimony on the ground
that it violated the Sixth Amendment confrontation clause. Because the evidence
shows that there is not a reasonable probability that the outcome of the
proceedings would have changed without Dr. Lopez's testimony, we disagree.
A criminal defendant has a right to effective assistance of counsel. WASH.
CONST. art. 1, § 22; In re Pers. Restraint of Yuno-Cheng Tsai, 183 Wn.2d 91, 99,
3 No. 73839-9-1 /4
351 P.3d 138 (2015) (citing Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 686, 104 S.
Ct. 2052, 80 L. Ed. 2d 674 (1984)). To show ineffective assistance of counsel, the
defendant must show both that counsel's performance was deficient and that he
was prejudiced by the deficient performance. Strickland, 466 U.S. at 687. If a
party fails to satisfy either the deficiency or the prejudice prong, a reviewing court
need not consider the other. State v. Foster, 140 Wn. App. 266, 273, 166 P.3d
726 (2007).
Deficient performance occurs when counsel's performance cannot be
attributed to any conceivable legitimate tactic. State v. Carson, 184 Wn.2d 207,
218, 357 P.3d 1064 (2015) (quoting State v. Grier, 171 Wn.2d 17, 33, 246 P.3d
1260 (2011)). Reviewing courts are highly deferential to counsel's performance,
and "counsel is strongly presumed to have rendered adequate assistance and
made all significant decisions in the exercise of reasonable professional
judgment." Carson, 184 Wn.2d at 216 (quoting Strickland, 466 U.S. at 690).
To show prejudice, the defendant must show that "there is a reasonable
probability that, but for counsel's deficient performance, the outcome of the
proceedings would have been different." Grier, 171 Wn.2d at 34 (quoting State v.
KvIlo, 166 Wn.2d 856, 862, 215 P.3d 177 (2009)).
"Ineffective assistance of counsel is a fact-based determination, and we
review the entire record in determining whether a defendant received effective
representation at trial." Carson, 184 Wn.2d at 215-16.
Al-Shiblawi argues that his trial counsel was deficient for not objecting to
the admission of Dr. Lopez's testimony. But he has not shown that he was
4 No. 73839-9-1 / 5
prejudiced by the admission of Dr. Lopez's testimony. The State had to prove that
I.M. suffered substantial bodily harm. Dr. Lopez's testimony was offered in support
of this element. But even without Dr. Lopez's testimony, sufficient evidence was
admitted that there is no reasonable probability that the outcome of the
proceedings would have been different.
"A person is guilty of assault in the second degree if he or she, under
circumstances not amounting to assault in the first degree . . . [i]ntentionally
assaults another and thereby recklessly inflicts substantial bodily harm." RCW
9A.36.021(1)(a). "Substantial bodily harm' means a bodily injury involving a
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IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON
STATE OF WASHINGTON, No. 73839-9-1 Respondent, DIVISION ONE V. ) UNPUBLISHED OPINION HAIDER T. AL-SHIBLAWI, ) B.D. 08/23/1997, ) ) Appellant. ) FILED: January 23, 2017
TRICKEY, J. — Haider Al-Shiblawi appeals his adjudication of guilt of assault c...)
in the second degree. Al-Shiblawi argues that his right to effective assistance of = •. counsel was violated when his trial counsel failed to object to a doctor's testimony
on the ground that it violated the confrontation clause. Al-Shiblawi was not
prejudiced by the admission of the doctor's testimony because the outcome of the
proceedings would not be changed by its omission. Therefore, he did not receive
ineffective assistance of counsel. We affirm.
FACTS
On March 26, 2014, Al-Shiblawi attacked I.M., a juvenile, at Thomas
Jefferson High School during lunchtime. Al-Shiblawi approached I.M., briefly
conversed with him, and suddenly struck I.M. in the head. I.M. fell down, and Al-
Shiblawi repeatedly punched and kicked him while he was on the ground. I.M. did
not fight back.
Federal Way Police Officer Travis Tilford is assigned to Thomas Jefferson
High School as a school resource officer. Officer Tilford and Dean of Students
Christian Storm were standing in the cafeteria when a female student alerted them No. 73839-9-1/ 2
about the altercation. Officer Tilford ran to the area, observed that Al-Shiblawi was
repeatedly kicking I.M., and arrested Al-Shiblawi. The incident was captured on
surveillance video and a cell phone video.
Immediately after the incident, I.M. felt intense pain in the right side of his
forehead, the back of his head was throbbing, and his lower lip was bleeding. He
was nauseous and could not get up or walk. I.M. was taken to Multicare Auburn
Medical Center's emergency room for treatment. Physician's Assistant Carol
Firmhart examined I.M. and prepared a medical report that included a diagnosis of
a head injury and a scalp hematoma.
The State charged Al-Shiblawi by amended information with assault in the
second degree, and alternatively with assault in the third degree.
At trial, Officer Tilford narrated the surveillance video of the incident in open
court. The court admitted several photographs of I.M.'s injuries into evidence. The
pictures taken soon after the incident showed that I.M. had a knot over his right
eye, and facial lacerations and swelling. Pictures taken two to five days after the
incident showed bruising on I.M.'s scalp, bruising around and over his right eye,
and a cut on his lower lip.
I.M. testified that he was nauseous for three days and had a headache for
two days after the incident. He could not move freely for a week. His facial bruising
took two weeks to fade, and the knot on his forehead took a month to go down.
He further testified that the bruised area of his scalp was still painful two months
after the incident.
2 No. 73839-9-1/ 3
Dr. Gregory Lopez testifiethabout I.M.'s medical condition. Physician's
Assistant Firmhart did not testify. Dr. Lopez testified that, pursuant to hospital
procedure, he had reviewed the medical report and signed off on it when it had
been created. Dr. Lopez testified that he did not have any personal knowledge of
I.M., and did not examine him. Dr. Lopez based his testimony on the medical
report.
Over the defense's hearsay objection, the court permitted Dr. Lopez to
testify about the medical report under the business records exception. Al-Shiblawi
did not raise a confrontation clause objection to Dr. Lopez's testimony at trial. The
medical record itself was not admitted as an exhibit.
Dr. Lopez was not offered as an expert witness by the State. The State's
witness list did not state that Dr. Lopez would testify as an expert witness.
The court found Al-Shiblawi guilty of assault in the second degree causing
substantial bodily harm.
Al-Shiblawi appeals.
ANALYSIS
Al-Shiblawi argues that his right to effective assistance of counsel was
violated when his attorney failed to object to Dr. Lopez's testimony on the ground
that it violated the Sixth Amendment confrontation clause. Because the evidence
shows that there is not a reasonable probability that the outcome of the
proceedings would have changed without Dr. Lopez's testimony, we disagree.
A criminal defendant has a right to effective assistance of counsel. WASH.
CONST. art. 1, § 22; In re Pers. Restraint of Yuno-Cheng Tsai, 183 Wn.2d 91, 99,
3 No. 73839-9-1 /4
351 P.3d 138 (2015) (citing Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 686, 104 S.
Ct. 2052, 80 L. Ed. 2d 674 (1984)). To show ineffective assistance of counsel, the
defendant must show both that counsel's performance was deficient and that he
was prejudiced by the deficient performance. Strickland, 466 U.S. at 687. If a
party fails to satisfy either the deficiency or the prejudice prong, a reviewing court
need not consider the other. State v. Foster, 140 Wn. App. 266, 273, 166 P.3d
726 (2007).
Deficient performance occurs when counsel's performance cannot be
attributed to any conceivable legitimate tactic. State v. Carson, 184 Wn.2d 207,
218, 357 P.3d 1064 (2015) (quoting State v. Grier, 171 Wn.2d 17, 33, 246 P.3d
1260 (2011)). Reviewing courts are highly deferential to counsel's performance,
and "counsel is strongly presumed to have rendered adequate assistance and
made all significant decisions in the exercise of reasonable professional
judgment." Carson, 184 Wn.2d at 216 (quoting Strickland, 466 U.S. at 690).
To show prejudice, the defendant must show that "there is a reasonable
probability that, but for counsel's deficient performance, the outcome of the
proceedings would have been different." Grier, 171 Wn.2d at 34 (quoting State v.
KvIlo, 166 Wn.2d 856, 862, 215 P.3d 177 (2009)).
"Ineffective assistance of counsel is a fact-based determination, and we
review the entire record in determining whether a defendant received effective
representation at trial." Carson, 184 Wn.2d at 215-16.
Al-Shiblawi argues that his trial counsel was deficient for not objecting to
the admission of Dr. Lopez's testimony. But he has not shown that he was
4 No. 73839-9-1 / 5
prejudiced by the admission of Dr. Lopez's testimony. The State had to prove that
I.M. suffered substantial bodily harm. Dr. Lopez's testimony was offered in support
of this element. But even without Dr. Lopez's testimony, sufficient evidence was
admitted that there is no reasonable probability that the outcome of the
proceedings would have been different.
"A person is guilty of assault in the second degree if he or she, under
circumstances not amounting to assault in the first degree . . . [i]ntentionally
assaults another and thereby recklessly inflicts substantial bodily harm." RCW
9A.36.021(1)(a). "Substantial bodily harm' means a bodily injury involving a
temporary but substantial disfigurement, a temporary but substantial loss or
impairment of the function of any body part or organ, or a fracture of any body
part." State v. McKague, 172 Wn.2d 802, 805, 262 P.3d 1225 (2011) (internal
quotation marks omitted) (quoting RCW 9A.04.110(4)(b)). In the context of assault
in the second degree, facial bruising and swelling lasting several days, lacerations
to the face, back of the head, and arm, and a concussion are sufficient to constitute
"[s]ubstantial bodily harm." McKaque, 172 Wn.2d at 806 (citing State v. Hoviq, 149
Wn. App. 1, 5, 13, 202 P.3d 318 (2009); State v. Ashcraft, 71 Wn. App. 444, 455,
859 P.2d 60 (1993)).
The State offered into evidence photographs of I.M.'s injuries showing a
knot over his right eye, facial lacerations and swelling, bruising on his scalp, and a
cut on his lower lip. I.M. testified that he could not move freely for a week after the
incident, and several injuries remained painful for a long time afterward. The trial
court analogized to State v. McKague to find that I.M. had suffered substantial
5 No. 73839-9-1 /6
bodily injury. The trial court found that I.M. had two black eyes, a cut on his lower
lip, a large hematoma on his forehead that lasted several months, and a one and
a half inch laceration on the hematoma. Dr. Lopez's testimony primarily concerned
the diagnosis of a hematoma, not I.M.'s other injuries.
Even excluding Dr. Lopez's testimony, overwhelming evidence shows the
extent of I.M.'s injuries. There is no reasonable probability that the outcome of the
proceedings would have been different had Dr. Lopez's testimony not been
admitted. Therefore, Al-Shiblawi has not shown that he was prejudiced by
counsel's failure to object to Dr. Lopez's testimony on the ground that it violated
the confrontation clause, and has not carried his burden of showing ineffective
assistance of counsel.
Because Al-Shiblawi has not carried his burden of showing prejudice
necessary to maintain an ineffective assistance of counsel claim, we need not
decide whether Al-Shiblawi's trial counsel's performance was deficient for not
raising a confrontation clause objection to Dr. Lopez's testimony.
Affirmed.
WE CONCUR: