FILED MAY 2, 2017 In the Office of the Clerk of Court WA State Court of Appeals, Division Ill
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON DIVISION THREE
STATE OF WASHINGTON, ) No. 34371-5-111 ) Respondent, ) ] V. ) ) j ) UNPUBLISHED OPINION 1
i l DWAYNE OTTO RUNGE also known as DWAYNE 0. RUNGE, ) ) ) Appellant. )
PENNELL, J. - Dwayne Runge appeals his conviction and sentence for one count
of second degree possession of stolen property and two counts of second degree identity
theft. We affirm.
FACTS
The facts of this case are known to the parties and need not be restated here. Mr.
Runge was convicted of one count of second degree possession of stolen property and No. 34371-5-III State v. Runge
two counts of second degree identity theft. At sentencing, after defense counsel requested
a low end standard range sentence, the court inquired into the applicability and
desirability of a drug offender sentencing alternative (DOSA). The court ultimately
imposed a 45-month sentence followed by 12 months of community custody for the two
counts of identity theft. Mr. Runge appeals.
ANALYSIS
Ineffective assistance of counsel
Mr. Runge contends he received ineffective assistance of counsel when defense
counsel ( 1) failed to request a DOSA, and (2) failed to argue his offenses constituted the
same criminal conduct. To demonstrate ineffective assistance of counsel, Mr. Runge
must show both deficient performance and resulting prejudice. State v. McFarland,
127 Wn.2d 322, 334-35, 899 P.2d 1251 (1995). If a defendant fails to satisfy either
prong, this court need not inquire further. State v. Hendrickson, 129 Wn.2d 61, 78,
917 P .2d 563 ( 1996). Deficient performance occurs when counsel's performance falls
below an objective standard of reasonableness. State v. Stenson, 132 Wn.2d 668, 705,
940 P.2d 1239 (1997). To show prejudice, Mr. Runge must demonstrate there is a
probability that, but for counsel's deficient performance, "the result of the proceeding
would have been different." McFarland, 127 Wn.2d at 335. There is a strong
2 No. 34371-5-111 State v. Runge
presumption of effective assistance, and Mr. Runge bears the burden of demonstrating the
absence of a strategic reason for the challenged conduct. State v. McNeal, 145 Wn.2d
352, 362, 37 P.3d 280 (2002).
DOSA
Mr. Runge first argues defense counsel was ineffective for failing to request a
DOSA at sentencing. A DOSA is intended to provide treatment to offenders judged
likely to benefit from treatment. State v. Grayson, 154 Wn.2d 333, 337, 111 P.3d 1183
(2005). A trial court has discretion to grant a DOSA if the offender meets all of the
statutory criteria. RCW 9.94A.660. Generally, the court's decision whether to grant a
DOSA is not reviewable. Grayson, 154 Wn.2d at 338. But an offender may challenge
the procedure under which his sentence was imposed. Id. Here, Mr. Runge is not
challenging the court's failure to impose a DOSA but is instead arguing his counsel was
ineffective for not requesting that the court consider a DOSA.
Mr. Runge's ineffective assistance claim fails because defense counsel's failure to
request a DOSA was reasonably strategic. Defense counsel likely made the accurate
assumption that the sentencing court would not be inclined to impose a DOSA.
Accordingly, it was more effective to seek a low end sentence. But in any event, Mr.
Runge cannot show prejudice. A trial court has the ability to move for a DOSA
3 No. 34371-5-III State v. Runge
sua sponte. In apparent recognition of this ability, the trial court questioned defense
counsel and Mr. Runge about the applicability of and a desire for a DOSA. RCW
9.94A.660(2). After considering whether a DOSA was appropriate for Mr. Runge, the
court opted for a standard range sentence. There is no indication in the record that the
court would have decided differently had defense counsel prompted the inquiry.
Offender score and same criminal conduct
Mr. Runge next claims the second degree possession of stolen property and
identity theft offenses (counts I and II and counts I and III) encompassed the same
criminal conduct: using Alexandra Rich's stolen debit card. Mr. Runge argues in the
alternative that defense counsel was ineffective for failing to raise the same criminal
conduct issue.
As it relates to Mr. Runge's principal argument, he argues for the first time on
appeal that his offender score was miscalculated because the two offenses encompassed
the same criminal conduct. He has waived this argument by failing to raise it in the trial
court. State v. Nitsch, 100 Wn. App. 512, 520-23, 997 P.2d 1000 (2000) (holding the
defendant's "failure to identify a factual dispute for the court's resolution and ... failure
to request an exercise of the court's discretion" waived the challenge to his offender
score); State v. Jackson, 150 Wn. App. 877,892,209 P.3d 553 (2009) (defendant waived
4 No. 34371-5-III State v. Runge
the same criminal conduct issue on appe~l by failing to raise it in the trial court); In re
Pers. Restraint of Goodwin, 146 Wn.2d 861, 873-74, 50 P.3d 618 (2002) (waiver can be
found where the alleged error involves a matter of trial court discretion).
Recognizing the possibility of waiver, Mr. Runge alternatively argues his defense
counsel was ineffective for failing to argue the two offenses encompassed the same
criminal conduct. Regardless of whether defense counsel's conduct was deficient, Mr.
Runge does not establish prejudice. Even if counts I and II and counts I and III are
considered the same criminal conduct, the standard sentencing range is still 43-57
months. 1 The trial court imposed a sentence near the low end of this range. There is no
indication the sentence would have been lower had the trial court utilized a different
offender score. The salient facts about Mr. Runge's current offense and criminal history
were not subject to change. The sentencing judge indicated she imposed sentences near
the low end of the standard range because she wanted Mr. Runge to receive a full
12 months of community custody. Any error in Mr. Runge's offender score was not
prejudicial.
1 Without scoring his current offenses, Mr. Runge's offender score was an 8. The current offenses, even if considered the same criminal conduct, would have increased Mr. Runge's offender score to a 9. The trial court classified Mr. Runge's offender score as 9+. However, the standard range sentence is the same at a 9 as a 9+.
5 No. 34371-5-111 State v. Runge
STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL GROUNDS FOR REVIEW
Perjured testimony
Mr. Runge first alleges Detective Justin Hobbs committed perjury by falsely
testifying he had previously met Mr.
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FILED MAY 2, 2017 In the Office of the Clerk of Court WA State Court of Appeals, Division Ill
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON DIVISION THREE
STATE OF WASHINGTON, ) No. 34371-5-111 ) Respondent, ) ] V. ) ) j ) UNPUBLISHED OPINION 1
i l DWAYNE OTTO RUNGE also known as DWAYNE 0. RUNGE, ) ) ) Appellant. )
PENNELL, J. - Dwayne Runge appeals his conviction and sentence for one count
of second degree possession of stolen property and two counts of second degree identity
theft. We affirm.
FACTS
The facts of this case are known to the parties and need not be restated here. Mr.
Runge was convicted of one count of second degree possession of stolen property and No. 34371-5-III State v. Runge
two counts of second degree identity theft. At sentencing, after defense counsel requested
a low end standard range sentence, the court inquired into the applicability and
desirability of a drug offender sentencing alternative (DOSA). The court ultimately
imposed a 45-month sentence followed by 12 months of community custody for the two
counts of identity theft. Mr. Runge appeals.
ANALYSIS
Ineffective assistance of counsel
Mr. Runge contends he received ineffective assistance of counsel when defense
counsel ( 1) failed to request a DOSA, and (2) failed to argue his offenses constituted the
same criminal conduct. To demonstrate ineffective assistance of counsel, Mr. Runge
must show both deficient performance and resulting prejudice. State v. McFarland,
127 Wn.2d 322, 334-35, 899 P.2d 1251 (1995). If a defendant fails to satisfy either
prong, this court need not inquire further. State v. Hendrickson, 129 Wn.2d 61, 78,
917 P .2d 563 ( 1996). Deficient performance occurs when counsel's performance falls
below an objective standard of reasonableness. State v. Stenson, 132 Wn.2d 668, 705,
940 P.2d 1239 (1997). To show prejudice, Mr. Runge must demonstrate there is a
probability that, but for counsel's deficient performance, "the result of the proceeding
would have been different." McFarland, 127 Wn.2d at 335. There is a strong
2 No. 34371-5-111 State v. Runge
presumption of effective assistance, and Mr. Runge bears the burden of demonstrating the
absence of a strategic reason for the challenged conduct. State v. McNeal, 145 Wn.2d
352, 362, 37 P.3d 280 (2002).
DOSA
Mr. Runge first argues defense counsel was ineffective for failing to request a
DOSA at sentencing. A DOSA is intended to provide treatment to offenders judged
likely to benefit from treatment. State v. Grayson, 154 Wn.2d 333, 337, 111 P.3d 1183
(2005). A trial court has discretion to grant a DOSA if the offender meets all of the
statutory criteria. RCW 9.94A.660. Generally, the court's decision whether to grant a
DOSA is not reviewable. Grayson, 154 Wn.2d at 338. But an offender may challenge
the procedure under which his sentence was imposed. Id. Here, Mr. Runge is not
challenging the court's failure to impose a DOSA but is instead arguing his counsel was
ineffective for not requesting that the court consider a DOSA.
Mr. Runge's ineffective assistance claim fails because defense counsel's failure to
request a DOSA was reasonably strategic. Defense counsel likely made the accurate
assumption that the sentencing court would not be inclined to impose a DOSA.
Accordingly, it was more effective to seek a low end sentence. But in any event, Mr.
Runge cannot show prejudice. A trial court has the ability to move for a DOSA
3 No. 34371-5-III State v. Runge
sua sponte. In apparent recognition of this ability, the trial court questioned defense
counsel and Mr. Runge about the applicability of and a desire for a DOSA. RCW
9.94A.660(2). After considering whether a DOSA was appropriate for Mr. Runge, the
court opted for a standard range sentence. There is no indication in the record that the
court would have decided differently had defense counsel prompted the inquiry.
Offender score and same criminal conduct
Mr. Runge next claims the second degree possession of stolen property and
identity theft offenses (counts I and II and counts I and III) encompassed the same
criminal conduct: using Alexandra Rich's stolen debit card. Mr. Runge argues in the
alternative that defense counsel was ineffective for failing to raise the same criminal
conduct issue.
As it relates to Mr. Runge's principal argument, he argues for the first time on
appeal that his offender score was miscalculated because the two offenses encompassed
the same criminal conduct. He has waived this argument by failing to raise it in the trial
court. State v. Nitsch, 100 Wn. App. 512, 520-23, 997 P.2d 1000 (2000) (holding the
defendant's "failure to identify a factual dispute for the court's resolution and ... failure
to request an exercise of the court's discretion" waived the challenge to his offender
score); State v. Jackson, 150 Wn. App. 877,892,209 P.3d 553 (2009) (defendant waived
4 No. 34371-5-III State v. Runge
the same criminal conduct issue on appe~l by failing to raise it in the trial court); In re
Pers. Restraint of Goodwin, 146 Wn.2d 861, 873-74, 50 P.3d 618 (2002) (waiver can be
found where the alleged error involves a matter of trial court discretion).
Recognizing the possibility of waiver, Mr. Runge alternatively argues his defense
counsel was ineffective for failing to argue the two offenses encompassed the same
criminal conduct. Regardless of whether defense counsel's conduct was deficient, Mr.
Runge does not establish prejudice. Even if counts I and II and counts I and III are
considered the same criminal conduct, the standard sentencing range is still 43-57
months. 1 The trial court imposed a sentence near the low end of this range. There is no
indication the sentence would have been lower had the trial court utilized a different
offender score. The salient facts about Mr. Runge's current offense and criminal history
were not subject to change. The sentencing judge indicated she imposed sentences near
the low end of the standard range because she wanted Mr. Runge to receive a full
12 months of community custody. Any error in Mr. Runge's offender score was not
prejudicial.
1 Without scoring his current offenses, Mr. Runge's offender score was an 8. The current offenses, even if considered the same criminal conduct, would have increased Mr. Runge's offender score to a 9. The trial court classified Mr. Runge's offender score as 9+. However, the standard range sentence is the same at a 9 as a 9+.
5 No. 34371-5-111 State v. Runge
STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL GROUNDS FOR REVIEW
Perjured testimony
Mr. Runge first alleges Detective Justin Hobbs committed perjury by falsely
testifying he had previously met Mr. Runge or had firsthand knowledge of Mr. Runge.
Mr. Runge misrepresents Detective Hobbs's testimony. Detective Hobbs testified he had
no personal experience with Mr. Runge before this investigation and learned the man on
the videos was Mr. Runge during the course of the investigation. We reject this concern
as unpersuasive.
Mr. Runge next claims he received ineffective assistance of counsel when defense
counsel (1) failed to object to Detective Hobbs's perjured testimony, (2) failed to move to
suppress evidence, and (3) failed to review discovery documents. As discussed above,
there was no issue with Detective Hobbs's testimony. As to Mr. Runge's remaining two
allegations, he does not identify which evidence counsel should have moved to suppress
and the discovery documents he discusses are not in the record on appeal. If the evidence
or facts are not in the record, this court does not consider the matter on a direct appeal.
McFarland, 127 Wn.2d at 335. The appropriate means of raising such matters is through
the filing of a personal restraint petition. Id.
6 No. 34371-5-III State v. Runge
CONCLUSION
We affirm the judgment and sentence of the trial court.
A majority of the panel has determined this opinion will not be printed in the
Washingto~ Appellate Reports, but it will be filed for public record pursuant to
RCW 2.06.040.
Pennell, J. WE CONCUR: