IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON
STATE OF WASHINGTON, ) No. 73252-8- Respondent, ) DIVISION ONE c
C*'*» W 1 V. ) r-'i UNPUBLISHED OPINION "•1 CRYSTAL ANASTASIA HUNTER, ) o "-
Appellant, )
TOMPALL ROSS LORAH-HEGGEN, ) AND EACH OF THEM, ) FILED: June 20, 2016 Defendant. )
Trickey, J. — Crystal Hunter appeals her conviction of taking a motor
vehicle without permission in the second degree. Hunter contends that the trial
court improperly denied her motion for a mistrial after a police officer testified at
trial that Hunter had an unrelated warrant at the time of this incident. The trial
court properly exercised its discretion when it denied Hunter's motion. We affirm. FACTS
Early in the morning on June 25, 2013, Jesus Arreola Ochoa awoke to the sound of his car being started. The car, a 1992 black Honda Accord, was parked outside of Ochoa's house. Ochoa had not given anyone permission to take his
car. Upon hearing the noise, Ochoa ran outside and saw his car being driven away. He returned inside and called the police.
A few weeks later, on the night of July 14, 2013, an officer with the King
County Sheriff's Office was on patrol in White Center when he saw a dark- colored Honda traveling at a high rate of speed. The car did not have any No. 73252-8-1 / 2
taillights or brake lights. The officer stopped the car and came into contact with a
male driver and a female passenger who was later identified as Hunter. The
officer asked the driver for his license, registration, and proof of insurance. The
driver did not have any of the requested paperwork. The officer then asked the
driver to turn the car off. The driver reached down to the floor of the car,
retrieved a screwdriver, inserted it into the ignition, manipulated the rods, and
complied with the officer's request.
Soon after, the police dispatcher notified the officer that the car had been
reported stolen. The registered owner of the car was Ochoa. Additional officers
arrived, and they detained both the driver and Hunter. On further inspection of
the car, the officers noticed several hand tools lying on the passenger-side
floorboard, heavy damage to the steering column, exposed wiring, and a missing
ignition cylinder.
Based on these events, the State charged Hunter with one count of taking
a motor vehicle without permission in the second degree. Before trial, Hunter
moved in limine to exclude evidence of prior bad acts under ER 404(b) and prior
convictions under ER 609. The State indicated that it did not intend to offer such
evidence absent testimony from Hunter. The case proceeded to a jury trial.
During the State's case in chief, a deputy police officer testified that
Hunter had an "unrelated warrant" out of Renton at the time of the traffic stop.
Specifically, when testifying about his encounter with Hunter, the following
exchange occurred:
[Prosecutor]: And, so in—once you had contact with the defendant, what did you do after that? No. 73252-8-1 / 3
[Deputy]: Urn, after I had contacted [sic] with her? I tried to confirm a- a unrelated warrant she had, out of Renton.
[Defense attorney]: I would object.
[Court]: Sustained.M
After the State rested, Hunter moved to strike the deputy's testimony
about her unrelated warrant. The trial court granted this motion. Hunter also
proposed a limiting instruction, instructing the jury to disregard the testimony.
The court agreed to give Hunter's proposed limiting instruction. Finally, Hunter
moved for a mistrial based on witness misconduct. The court denied this motion
on the basis that there was no misconduct and the officer's statement was
inadvertent.
At the close of the case, the court instructed the jury. The court's
instructions included Hunter's proposed limiting instruction. The jury found
Hunter guilty as charged.
Hunter appeals.
ANALYSIS
Hunter's sole challenge on appeal is to the trial court's denial of her
motion for a mistrial. She contends that the trial court abused its discretion when
it denied this motion, because the deputy's statement deprived her of her right to
a fair trial. We disagree.
"A trial court has broad discretion to rule on irregularities during the course
of a trial." State v. Wade. 186 Wn. App. 749, 773, 346 P.3d 838, review denied.
184 Wn.2d 1004, 357 P.3d 665 (2015). The trial court is in the best position to
1 Report of Proceedings (RP) (Feb. 4, 2015) at 79-80. 3 No. 73252-8-1/4
determine whether the irregularity caused prejudice. Wade. 186 Wn. App. at
773. The court should grant the mistrial "'only when the defendant has been so
prejudiced that nothing short of a new trial can insure that the defendant will be
fairly tried.'" Wade. 186 Wn. App. at 773 (quoting State v. Kwan Fai Mak. 105
Wn.2d 692, 701, 718 P.2d 407 (1986)).
We review the trial court's denial of a motion for a mistrial for abuse of
discretion. State v. Emery. 174 Wn.2d 741, 765, 278 P.3d 653 (2012). A trial
court abuses its discretion if its decision is manifestly unreasonable or based on
untenable grounds. Wade. 186 Wn. App. at 773.
To determine whether a trial irregularity warrants a new trial, we examine
(1) the seriousness of the irregularity, (2) whether it involved cumulative
evidence, and (3) whether the trial court properly instructed the jury to disregard
it. Emery. 174 Wn.2d at 765. Denial of a mistrial should be overturned only
when there is a "'substantial likelihood'" that the error affected the jury's verdict.
State v. Rodriguez. 146 Wn.2d 260, 269-70, 45 P.3d 541 (2002) (internal
quotation marks omitted) (quoting State v. Russell. 125 Wn.2d 24, 85, 882 P.2d
747(1994)).
Here, the irregularity is the statement by the deputy that Hunter had an
"unrelated warrant" at the time of the traffic stop. This testimony was not
cumulative with any other evidence admitted at trial. The fact that this statement
was made by a police officer, a professional witness, suggests that the
irregularity was serious. State v. Gamble. 168 Wn.2d 161, 178, 225 P.3d 973 No. 73252-8-1 / 5
(2010). As does the fact that the statement violated the court's pretrial ruling
excluding evidence of Hunter's prior bad acts. Gamble. 168 Wn.2d at 178.
However, an unintentional introduction of inadmissible testimony is less
serious than an intentional one. Gamble. 168 Wn.2d at 178. In this case, the
deputy's testimony was inadvertent. Further, the statement was not a direct
reference to a prior conviction or crime. Rather, the deputy's statement was
ambiguous and fleeting. It did not indicate that Hunter had the propensity to
commit the charged crime. See State v. Condon. 72 Wn. App. 638, 649, 865
P.2d 521 (1993). Nor was it likely to make a significant impression on the jurors.
The seriousness of the statement is minimized by these factors and by the other
evidence presented at trial.
Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON
STATE OF WASHINGTON, ) No. 73252-8- Respondent, ) DIVISION ONE c
C*'*» W 1 V. ) r-'i UNPUBLISHED OPINION "•1 CRYSTAL ANASTASIA HUNTER, ) o "-
Appellant, )
TOMPALL ROSS LORAH-HEGGEN, ) AND EACH OF THEM, ) FILED: June 20, 2016 Defendant. )
Trickey, J. — Crystal Hunter appeals her conviction of taking a motor
vehicle without permission in the second degree. Hunter contends that the trial
court improperly denied her motion for a mistrial after a police officer testified at
trial that Hunter had an unrelated warrant at the time of this incident. The trial
court properly exercised its discretion when it denied Hunter's motion. We affirm. FACTS
Early in the morning on June 25, 2013, Jesus Arreola Ochoa awoke to the sound of his car being started. The car, a 1992 black Honda Accord, was parked outside of Ochoa's house. Ochoa had not given anyone permission to take his
car. Upon hearing the noise, Ochoa ran outside and saw his car being driven away. He returned inside and called the police.
A few weeks later, on the night of July 14, 2013, an officer with the King
County Sheriff's Office was on patrol in White Center when he saw a dark- colored Honda traveling at a high rate of speed. The car did not have any No. 73252-8-1 / 2
taillights or brake lights. The officer stopped the car and came into contact with a
male driver and a female passenger who was later identified as Hunter. The
officer asked the driver for his license, registration, and proof of insurance. The
driver did not have any of the requested paperwork. The officer then asked the
driver to turn the car off. The driver reached down to the floor of the car,
retrieved a screwdriver, inserted it into the ignition, manipulated the rods, and
complied with the officer's request.
Soon after, the police dispatcher notified the officer that the car had been
reported stolen. The registered owner of the car was Ochoa. Additional officers
arrived, and they detained both the driver and Hunter. On further inspection of
the car, the officers noticed several hand tools lying on the passenger-side
floorboard, heavy damage to the steering column, exposed wiring, and a missing
ignition cylinder.
Based on these events, the State charged Hunter with one count of taking
a motor vehicle without permission in the second degree. Before trial, Hunter
moved in limine to exclude evidence of prior bad acts under ER 404(b) and prior
convictions under ER 609. The State indicated that it did not intend to offer such
evidence absent testimony from Hunter. The case proceeded to a jury trial.
During the State's case in chief, a deputy police officer testified that
Hunter had an "unrelated warrant" out of Renton at the time of the traffic stop.
Specifically, when testifying about his encounter with Hunter, the following
exchange occurred:
[Prosecutor]: And, so in—once you had contact with the defendant, what did you do after that? No. 73252-8-1 / 3
[Deputy]: Urn, after I had contacted [sic] with her? I tried to confirm a- a unrelated warrant she had, out of Renton.
[Defense attorney]: I would object.
[Court]: Sustained.M
After the State rested, Hunter moved to strike the deputy's testimony
about her unrelated warrant. The trial court granted this motion. Hunter also
proposed a limiting instruction, instructing the jury to disregard the testimony.
The court agreed to give Hunter's proposed limiting instruction. Finally, Hunter
moved for a mistrial based on witness misconduct. The court denied this motion
on the basis that there was no misconduct and the officer's statement was
inadvertent.
At the close of the case, the court instructed the jury. The court's
instructions included Hunter's proposed limiting instruction. The jury found
Hunter guilty as charged.
Hunter appeals.
ANALYSIS
Hunter's sole challenge on appeal is to the trial court's denial of her
motion for a mistrial. She contends that the trial court abused its discretion when
it denied this motion, because the deputy's statement deprived her of her right to
a fair trial. We disagree.
"A trial court has broad discretion to rule on irregularities during the course
of a trial." State v. Wade. 186 Wn. App. 749, 773, 346 P.3d 838, review denied.
184 Wn.2d 1004, 357 P.3d 665 (2015). The trial court is in the best position to
1 Report of Proceedings (RP) (Feb. 4, 2015) at 79-80. 3 No. 73252-8-1/4
determine whether the irregularity caused prejudice. Wade. 186 Wn. App. at
773. The court should grant the mistrial "'only when the defendant has been so
prejudiced that nothing short of a new trial can insure that the defendant will be
fairly tried.'" Wade. 186 Wn. App. at 773 (quoting State v. Kwan Fai Mak. 105
Wn.2d 692, 701, 718 P.2d 407 (1986)).
We review the trial court's denial of a motion for a mistrial for abuse of
discretion. State v. Emery. 174 Wn.2d 741, 765, 278 P.3d 653 (2012). A trial
court abuses its discretion if its decision is manifestly unreasonable or based on
untenable grounds. Wade. 186 Wn. App. at 773.
To determine whether a trial irregularity warrants a new trial, we examine
(1) the seriousness of the irregularity, (2) whether it involved cumulative
evidence, and (3) whether the trial court properly instructed the jury to disregard
it. Emery. 174 Wn.2d at 765. Denial of a mistrial should be overturned only
when there is a "'substantial likelihood'" that the error affected the jury's verdict.
State v. Rodriguez. 146 Wn.2d 260, 269-70, 45 P.3d 541 (2002) (internal
quotation marks omitted) (quoting State v. Russell. 125 Wn.2d 24, 85, 882 P.2d
747(1994)).
Here, the irregularity is the statement by the deputy that Hunter had an
"unrelated warrant" at the time of the traffic stop. This testimony was not
cumulative with any other evidence admitted at trial. The fact that this statement
was made by a police officer, a professional witness, suggests that the
irregularity was serious. State v. Gamble. 168 Wn.2d 161, 178, 225 P.3d 973 No. 73252-8-1 / 5
(2010). As does the fact that the statement violated the court's pretrial ruling
excluding evidence of Hunter's prior bad acts. Gamble. 168 Wn.2d at 178.
However, an unintentional introduction of inadmissible testimony is less
serious than an intentional one. Gamble. 168 Wn.2d at 178. In this case, the
deputy's testimony was inadvertent. Further, the statement was not a direct
reference to a prior conviction or crime. Rather, the deputy's statement was
ambiguous and fleeting. It did not indicate that Hunter had the propensity to
commit the charged crime. See State v. Condon. 72 Wn. App. 638, 649, 865
P.2d 521 (1993). Nor was it likely to make a significant impression on the jurors.
The seriousness of the statement is minimized by these factors and by the other
evidence presented at trial.
Moreover, the trial court instructed the jury to disregard this testimony.
The court's curative instruction stated:
Testimony occurred at trial that suggested the defendant may have had an outstanding warrant at the time she was arrested. The testimony was objected to and has now been stricken. There is no evidence in this case the defendant may have had any warrant. The jury shall disregard anything that was said on the subject and shall not consider it in deciding this case.121
Juries are presumed to follow the court's instructions. State v. Kirkman. 159 Wn.2d 918, 928, 155 P.3d 125 (2007). As a result, there is not a substantial
likelihood that the deputy's statement affected the jury's verdict.
For these reasons, we conclude that the deputy's statement was not so
serious as to warrant a mistrial. The court's curative instruction was sufficient to
2 Clerk's Papers (CP) at 31. No. 73252-8-1 / 6
alleviate any prejudice that may have resulted. The trial court did not abuse its
discretion.
Hunter relies on State v. Escalona. 49 Wn. App. 251, 742 P.2d 190
(1987), to argue that the irregularity could not be cured. In that case, the State
charged Escalona with second-degree assault with a deadly weapon—a knife.
49 Wn. App. at 252. At trial, the victim stated that he was afraid because
Escalona "'has a record and had stabbed someone.'" 49 Wn. App. at 253. The
trial court denied Escalona's motion for a mistrial and instructed the jury to
disregard the testimony. 49 Wn. App. at 253. On appeal, this court concluded
that the trial court abused its discretion in denying Escalona's mistrial motion,
because the irregularity was "extremely serious" given the paucity of credible
evidence, the testimony was not cumulative, and the irregularity could not be
cured by the instruction. 49 Wn. App. at 255-56. We reasoned:
[D]espite the court's admonition, it would be extremely difficult, if not impossible, in this close case for the jury to ignore this seemingly relevant fact. Furthermore, the jury undoubtedly would use it for its most improper purpose, that is, to conclude that Escalona acted on this occasion in conformity with the assaultive character he demonstrated in the past.
49 Wn. App. at 256.
Escalona is distinguishable from the present case. There, the victim's
testimony indicated that Escalona had committed a crime similar to the one for
which he was on trial. Thus, the statement was extremely prejudicial, because it
was likely that the jurors would conclude that Escalona had a propensity for
committing that type of crime. Here, in contrast, the deputy did not indicate that
Hunter had a propensity to take motor vehicles without permission or that she No. 73252-8-1 / 7
had ever been convicted of a similar crime. Further, unlike in Escalona. the
witness's testimony did not constitute the State's entire case against Hunter.
Here, any prejudice resulting from the vague reference to the "unrelated warrant"
was cured by the court's instruction to disregard the testimony.
We affirm the judgment and sentence.
)/\J<*y ACJ WE CONCUR:
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