COURT OF APPEALS DIV; STATE OF WASHINGTON
2013 APR 29 AH 8> 32
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON
STATE OF WASHINGTON, NO. 68295-4-
Respondent, DIVISION ONE
v.
BRIAN MICHAEL WARNOCK, PUBLISHED OPINION
Appellant. FILED: April 29, 2013
Lau, J. —The trial court has authority under RCW 9.94A.607(1) to order an
offender, as a condition of community custody, to obtain a chemical dependency
evaluation and to comply with recommended treatment only if it finds that the offender
has a chemical dependency that contributed to his or her offense. Because there is no
evidence and finding that any substance other than alcohol contributed to Brian
Warnock's offense, we remand with directions to amend the challenged condition so
that it imposes only alcohol evaluation and recommended treatment. We otherwise
affirm Warnock's judgment and sentence.
FACTS
Warnock went to a bar to drink with his girl friend and two other couples. He was
offended when he overheard a man at a nearby table talking about his friends and 68295-4-1/2
gesturing in the group's direction. Warnock and his friend confronted the man.
Warnock "head butted" him, knocking him to the ground. His friend then struck the man
in the face several times. The man sustained a broken jaw.
Warnock and his friends left the bar. Warnock sped past a sheriffs deputy, failed
to stop when signaled by the deputy to pull over, and ran a stop sign. The deputy
arrested Warnock in a condominium parking lot. The deputy noted Warnock "staggered
from the vehicle." Verbatim Report of Proceedings (VRP) (Nov. 10, 2011) at 143.
Warnock's eyes were red and watery, his speech was slurred, and the deputy "could
strongly smell the odor of intoxicants." VRP (Nov. 10, 2011) at 144. Although Warnock
declined a breath test, the officer noted in his report that Warnock's "impairment was
extreme." VRP (Nov. 10, 2011) at 159.
The State charged Warnock with second degree assault and driving under the
influence of intoxicants (DUI). The jury found Warnock guilty of assault but failed to
reach a unanimous verdict on the DUI charge. At trial, Warnock testified that he refused
the breath test because "I'd rather lose my license for a year than get a DUI. I wasn't
sure—I wasn't sure by what I had drank that night if itwould put me over the legal limit
or under the legal limit, but I just didn't want to find out." VRP (Nov. 14, 2011) at 82.
At sentencing, the State recommended that the court order a chemical
dependency evaluation and compliance with all treatment requirements after commenting that "alcohol consumption was part of what took place here." VRP (Feb. 7, 2012) at 128. Defense counsel responded, "[Tjhere was drinking going on. There's some indication that Mr. Warnock was affected by what he had to drink [But] it's our
position that he was not intoxicated[, and we] ask the Court to consider not requiring
-2- 68295-4-1/3
him to undergo an alcohol evaluation." VRP (Feb. 7, 2012) at 135. She also told the
court about Warnock's prior Lynnwood municipal court DUI conviction and present
probation status.
The trial court stated, "[C]learly there was drinking involved to some extent. So
having him—if the [community corrections officer] feels it's appropriate to have an
evaluation and comply with recommended treatment in terms of substance abuse and
alcohol, that would be appropriate." VRP (Feb. 7, 2012) at 148-49. It imposed a
standard range sentence that included an 18-month community custody term. As a
condition of community custody, the court's written judgment and sentence ordered Warnock to obtain a "chemical dependency evaluation ... and fully comply with all
recommended treatment." CP 5. Warnock appeals the chemical dependency condition
of his sentence.
ANALYSIS
The principal issue here is whether a sentencing court exceeds its statutory authority by ordering an offender to obtain chemical dependency evaluation and treatment as a community custody condition when no evidence and no finding exist that any substance except alcohol contributed to the sentenced offense. Warnock contends the chemical dependency evaluation and treatment condition
should be stricken because the trial court exceeded its statutory authority when it
ordered him to obtain a chemical dependency evaluation and to comply with
recommended treatment as a condition of community custody. Because his claim
involves construction of the Sentencing Reform Act of 1981 (SRA), chapter 9.94A RCW, our review is de novo. State v. Armendariz, 160 Wn.2d 106, 110, 156 P.3d 201 (2007).
-3- 68295-4-1/4
An unlawful sentence may be challenged for the first time on appeal. State v. Ford, 137
Wn.2d 472, 477, 973 P.2d 452 (1999).
The trial court lacks authority to impose a community custody condition unless
authorized by the legislature. State v. Kolesnik. 146 Wn. App. 790, 806, 192 P.3d 937
(2008). RCW 9.94A.505(8) provides, "As a part of any sentence, the court may impose
and enforce crime-related prohibitions and affirmative conditions as provided in this
chapter." And under RCW 9.94A.703(3)(c)-(d), as a condition of community custody,
the court is authorized to require an offender to "[participate in crime-related treatment
or counseling services" and in "rehabilitative programs or otherwise perform affirmative
conduct reasonably related to the circumstances of the offense, the offender's risk of
reoffending, or the safety of the community."
The SRA specifically authorizes the court to order an offender to obtain a
chemical dependency evaluation and to comply with recommended treatment only if it
finds that the offender has a chemical dependency that contributed to his or her offense:
Where the court finds that the offender has a chemical dependency that has contributed to his or her offense, the court may, as a condition of the sentence and subject to available resources, order the offender to participate in rehabilitative programs or otherwise to perform affirmative conduct reasonably related to the circumstances of the crime for which the offender has been convicted and reasonably necessary or beneficial to the offender and the community in rehabilitating the offender.
RCW 9.94A.607(1). Ifthe court fails to make the required finding, it lacks statutory
authority to impose the condition. Warnock does not claim the trial court made no
finding at all or no evidence exists to support evaluation and treatment. He argues
instead that "the court ordered him to submit to a 'chemical dependency evaluation,'
which includes an evaluation for substance abuse other than alcohol, despite the 68295-4-1/5
absence of any finding a substance other than alcohol contributed to the commission of
the assault." Br.
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COURT OF APPEALS DIV; STATE OF WASHINGTON
2013 APR 29 AH 8> 32
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON
STATE OF WASHINGTON, NO. 68295-4-
Respondent, DIVISION ONE
v.
BRIAN MICHAEL WARNOCK, PUBLISHED OPINION
Appellant. FILED: April 29, 2013
Lau, J. —The trial court has authority under RCW 9.94A.607(1) to order an
offender, as a condition of community custody, to obtain a chemical dependency
evaluation and to comply with recommended treatment only if it finds that the offender
has a chemical dependency that contributed to his or her offense. Because there is no
evidence and finding that any substance other than alcohol contributed to Brian
Warnock's offense, we remand with directions to amend the challenged condition so
that it imposes only alcohol evaluation and recommended treatment. We otherwise
affirm Warnock's judgment and sentence.
FACTS
Warnock went to a bar to drink with his girl friend and two other couples. He was
offended when he overheard a man at a nearby table talking about his friends and 68295-4-1/2
gesturing in the group's direction. Warnock and his friend confronted the man.
Warnock "head butted" him, knocking him to the ground. His friend then struck the man
in the face several times. The man sustained a broken jaw.
Warnock and his friends left the bar. Warnock sped past a sheriffs deputy, failed
to stop when signaled by the deputy to pull over, and ran a stop sign. The deputy
arrested Warnock in a condominium parking lot. The deputy noted Warnock "staggered
from the vehicle." Verbatim Report of Proceedings (VRP) (Nov. 10, 2011) at 143.
Warnock's eyes were red and watery, his speech was slurred, and the deputy "could
strongly smell the odor of intoxicants." VRP (Nov. 10, 2011) at 144. Although Warnock
declined a breath test, the officer noted in his report that Warnock's "impairment was
extreme." VRP (Nov. 10, 2011) at 159.
The State charged Warnock with second degree assault and driving under the
influence of intoxicants (DUI). The jury found Warnock guilty of assault but failed to
reach a unanimous verdict on the DUI charge. At trial, Warnock testified that he refused
the breath test because "I'd rather lose my license for a year than get a DUI. I wasn't
sure—I wasn't sure by what I had drank that night if itwould put me over the legal limit
or under the legal limit, but I just didn't want to find out." VRP (Nov. 14, 2011) at 82.
At sentencing, the State recommended that the court order a chemical
dependency evaluation and compliance with all treatment requirements after commenting that "alcohol consumption was part of what took place here." VRP (Feb. 7, 2012) at 128. Defense counsel responded, "[Tjhere was drinking going on. There's some indication that Mr. Warnock was affected by what he had to drink [But] it's our
position that he was not intoxicated[, and we] ask the Court to consider not requiring
-2- 68295-4-1/3
him to undergo an alcohol evaluation." VRP (Feb. 7, 2012) at 135. She also told the
court about Warnock's prior Lynnwood municipal court DUI conviction and present
probation status.
The trial court stated, "[C]learly there was drinking involved to some extent. So
having him—if the [community corrections officer] feels it's appropriate to have an
evaluation and comply with recommended treatment in terms of substance abuse and
alcohol, that would be appropriate." VRP (Feb. 7, 2012) at 148-49. It imposed a
standard range sentence that included an 18-month community custody term. As a
condition of community custody, the court's written judgment and sentence ordered Warnock to obtain a "chemical dependency evaluation ... and fully comply with all
recommended treatment." CP 5. Warnock appeals the chemical dependency condition
of his sentence.
ANALYSIS
The principal issue here is whether a sentencing court exceeds its statutory authority by ordering an offender to obtain chemical dependency evaluation and treatment as a community custody condition when no evidence and no finding exist that any substance except alcohol contributed to the sentenced offense. Warnock contends the chemical dependency evaluation and treatment condition
should be stricken because the trial court exceeded its statutory authority when it
ordered him to obtain a chemical dependency evaluation and to comply with
recommended treatment as a condition of community custody. Because his claim
involves construction of the Sentencing Reform Act of 1981 (SRA), chapter 9.94A RCW, our review is de novo. State v. Armendariz, 160 Wn.2d 106, 110, 156 P.3d 201 (2007).
-3- 68295-4-1/4
An unlawful sentence may be challenged for the first time on appeal. State v. Ford, 137
Wn.2d 472, 477, 973 P.2d 452 (1999).
The trial court lacks authority to impose a community custody condition unless
authorized by the legislature. State v. Kolesnik. 146 Wn. App. 790, 806, 192 P.3d 937
(2008). RCW 9.94A.505(8) provides, "As a part of any sentence, the court may impose
and enforce crime-related prohibitions and affirmative conditions as provided in this
chapter." And under RCW 9.94A.703(3)(c)-(d), as a condition of community custody,
the court is authorized to require an offender to "[participate in crime-related treatment
or counseling services" and in "rehabilitative programs or otherwise perform affirmative
conduct reasonably related to the circumstances of the offense, the offender's risk of
reoffending, or the safety of the community."
The SRA specifically authorizes the court to order an offender to obtain a
chemical dependency evaluation and to comply with recommended treatment only if it
finds that the offender has a chemical dependency that contributed to his or her offense:
Where the court finds that the offender has a chemical dependency that has contributed to his or her offense, the court may, as a condition of the sentence and subject to available resources, order the offender to participate in rehabilitative programs or otherwise to perform affirmative conduct reasonably related to the circumstances of the crime for which the offender has been convicted and reasonably necessary or beneficial to the offender and the community in rehabilitating the offender.
RCW 9.94A.607(1). Ifthe court fails to make the required finding, it lacks statutory
authority to impose the condition. Warnock does not claim the trial court made no
finding at all or no evidence exists to support evaluation and treatment. He argues
instead that "the court ordered him to submit to a 'chemical dependency evaluation,'
which includes an evaluation for substance abuse other than alcohol, despite the 68295-4-1/5
absence of any finding a substance other than alcohol contributed to the commission of
the assault." Br. of Appellant at 6.
In State v. Jones, 118 Wn. App. 199, 276 P.3d 258 (2003), Division Two of this
court held that any court-ordered counseling or treatment must address a deficiency
that contributed to the offense at issue. If not, it fails to satisfy the statutory requirement
that it be "crime-related." Jones, 118 Wn. App. at 207. The Jones sentencing court
erred by ordering alcohol counseling when the evidence indicated that only
methamphetamines were involved in the crime, not alcohol. The court stated, "[W]e
hold that alcohol counseling 'reasonably relates' to the offender's risk of reoffending,
and to the safety of the community, only if the evidence shows that alcohol contributed
to the offense." Jones, 118 Wn. App. at 208.
Warnock concedes that an alcohol evaluation and recommended treatment was
properly ordered "[g]iven the evidence of alcohol consumption." Br. of Appellant at 7
n.2. The judgment and sentence, however, undisputedly ordered Warnock to submit to
a chemical dependency evaluation and recommended treatment despite any evidence
and finding that a substance other than alcohol contributed to the assault.
The State argues that because alcohol abuse is a type of chemical dependency,
the trial court's oral finding that alcohol contributed to Warnock's offense was equivalent
to a finding under RCW 9.94A.607(1) that a chemical dependency contributed to his offense.1 We are unpersuaded by the State's reliance on RCW 70.96A.020, a non-SRA
statute found in the public health and safety laws, and on WAC 388-805-310, a
1We note that paragraph two of the preprinted judgment and sentence form lists the various community custody options. To order chemical dependency evaluation and treatment, the trial court checks the box next to this preprinted condition. -5- 68295-4-1/6
regulation relating to certification requirements for chemical dependency service
providers. The State cites no authority connecting this statute and regulation to the
relevant SRA statutes here. And even if we assume that alcohol abuse is a type of
chemical dependency, it does not follow that alcohol abuse and chemical dependency
are interchangeable terms for purposes of RCW 9.94A.607(1).
Given the sentencing comments made by the court and counsel quoted above,
the court understood the distinction between substance abuse and alcohol abuse. Yet
the court ordered evaluation and treatment for substance and alcohol abuse.
Regardless of what the court intended, the chemical dependency condition is
ambiguous and can be read as requiring evaluation and treatment for substances other
than alcohol. As discussed above, a court's authority to order treatment is
circumscribed by statutes to crime-related treatment. Because there is no evidence and
finding that anything other than alcohol contributed to Warnock's offense, we remand
with directions to amend the judgment and sentence to impose only alcohol evaluation
and recommended treatment. The remainder of the judgment and sentence is affirmed.
WE CONCUR:
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