Filed Washington State Court of Appeals Division Two
October 27, 2020
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON
DIVISION II STATE OF WASHINGTON, No. 53133-0-II
Respondent,
v.
ANJELA HASSERIES, UNPUBLISHED OPINION
Appellant.
WORSWICK, J. — During an altercation with her husband, Anjela Hasseries stabbed him
in the arm twice with a 26-inch-long Lord of the Rings replica sword. Hasseries appeals her
conviction and sentence for one count of second degree assault—domestic violence, with deadly
weapon enhancements. She argues that the State provided insufficient evidence that she
intentionally assaulted her husband and insufficient evidence that she did not act in self-defense.
She also argues that she received ineffective assistance of counsel because her trial counsel did
not object to language in the first aggressor instruction permitting the jury to base a first
aggressor finding on her words alone. Finally, Hasseries argues that the trial court erred by
imposing community custody conditions that were not crime-related. We disagree and affirm
her conviction and sentence. No. 53133-0-II
FACTS
Following an altercation between Hasseries and her husband, Patrick1, the State charged
Hasseries with one count of second degree assault with domestic violence and deadly weapon
special allegations.
At trial, Hasseries and Patrick testified to different versions of the incident. Patrick
recalled learning that Hasseries was having an affair with a close friend in July 2018. She briefly
moved out of their home and in with her boyfriend. About a week later, Patrick convinced
Hasseries to move back into their home to try and salvage their marriage. A few days after
moving back into their home, Hasseries was smoking marijuana and watching videos on her
phone on their back porch. Patrick convinced Hasseries to come inside so they could watch
videos together.
According to Patrick, when he learned that Hasseries was still seeing her boyfriend, the
two began arguing. Hasseries told Patrick she would not stop seeing her boyfriend, but would
remain living in her and Patrick’s house because her name was on the deed. Hasseries then went
to the second floor of their home to retrieve the deed to the house, but Patrick told her he had
hidden the safety deposit box from her. Hasseries screamed with rage and threw a box of objects
across the room, not in Patrick’s direction. Hasseries continued to rage, throwing laundry
buckets against the wall.
1 Because Anjela Hasseries and Patrick Hasseries share a last name, we refer to Patrick by his first name. We intend no disrespect.
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Hasseries then began slapping, punching, and attempting to kick Patrick. Patrick did not
attack Hasseries at any point. When Hasseries tried to kick Patrick, he caught her foot with his
left hand and pushed her forward away from him with his right hand. Hasseries bounced off the
bed and landed on her back on the floor. Hasseries resumed attacking Patrick, and Patrick once
again caught her foot and pushed her away from him and onto the ground. After Patrick pushed
her a second time, Hasseries ran down the stairs.
Patrick remained upstairs for about 30 seconds, believing that Hasseries had left the
home. Patrick went down the stairs and walked to look out a window. While he was standing at
the window, Hasseries approached him from behind with a Lord of the Rings replica sword in
her hands. Hasseries stood in an “attack-ready stance” with both hands on the hilt. Verbatim
Report of Proceedings (VRP) (Feb. 27, 2019) at 172. Hasseries continued to move closer to
Patrick, in an offensive stance,2 until he was cornered. Patrick moved into a defensive stance.
Hasseries moved closer to Patrick, and the blade of the sword entered his right arm.
Patrick grabbed the sword with his left hand to try and disarm Hasseries. During the struggle,
Patrick incurred some minor cuts on his palms and sustained another slice in his arm. At some
point, the sword left Hasseries’s hands, and Patrick began focusing on his wounds. Patrick
called 911 and attempted to put pressure on his wounds, which were bleeding profusely. While
Patrick was on the phone, Hasseries attempted to mop the blood off the floor in the kitchen.
2 Patrick testified that both he and Hasseries had taken fencing lessons where they learned that in an offensive stance, a person turns their body sideways to minimize their body profile and keeps their legs at an angle to easily retreat or lunge in.
3 No. 53133-0-II
Patrick was ultimately flown in a helicopter to Harborview Medical Center for surgery on his
arm.
Hasseries’s testimony about the incident was consistent with Patrick’s up until their
argument about whether she would stop seeing her boyfriend. She recalled Patrick telling her to
get out of the house and her insisting she would not because she owned their home too.
According to Hasseries, while she was squatting down and looking for the safety deposit box
containing the deed to the house, Patrick put his hand on Hasseries’s head and threw her to the
ground. Hasseries believed she suffered a concussion as a result. She recalled lying on the
ground with her head spinning as Patrick screamed at her to get out of his room. Hasseries got
up and continued to look for the safety deposit box when Patrick started hitting and kicking her
and threw her to the ground a second time.
Hasseries quickly moved down the stairs. She heard Patrick running down the stairs
behind her. Patrick had a “god awful look on his face” and was “bee lining” towards Hasseries.
VRP (Feb. 28, 2019) at 279. Hasseries feared that Patrick would hurt her again, so she grabbed
the closest thing to her to create some space between the two of them—the 26-inch-long Lord of
the Rings replica sword. Within seconds, Patrick was grabbing the end of the sword and trying
to rip it from her hands. The two engaged in a tug-of-war over the sword, eventually winding up
in the kitchen. Suddenly, Patrick said “ow” and released the sword. VRP (Feb. 28, 2019) at 281.
Patrick went into the bathroom, and Hasseries put the sword back on the mantle.
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While Patrick was on the phone with 911, Hasseries began cleaning up the blood in the
kitchen so their son would not see it when he woke up. Hasseries went to her bedroom to change
out of her pajamas. Law enforcement arrived at the house and arrested her.
The trial court instructed the jury on self-defense. The trial court also issued a pattern
“first aggressor” instruction to the jury:
No person may, by any intentional act reasonably likely to provoke a belligerent response, create a necessity for acting in self-defense and thereupon use or attempt to use force upon or toward another person. Therefore, if you find beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant was the aggressor, and that defendant’s acts and conduct provoked or commenced the fight, then self-defense is not available as a defense.
Clerk’s Papers (CP) at 60; See 11 WASHINGTON PATTERN JURY INSTRUCTIONS: CRIMINAL 16.04,
at 173-74 (2016). Hasseries’s trial counsel stated he did not believe he had any authority to
object to the first aggressor instruction and believed the instruction to be appropriate. In closing
argument, the State focused on Hasseries’s and Patrick’s credibility. As to the first aggressor
instruction, the State argued that under either Hasseries’s or Patrick’s version of events,
Hasseries’s actions provoked an alleged need for self-defense. The jury found Hasseries guilty
of second degree assault with domestic violence and deadly weapon special verdicts.
Patrick filed a victim impact statement with the trial court for sentencing. In his
statement, Patrick expressed concerns about Hasseries’s mental health and substance abuse. He
recalled Hasseries’s struggles with bipolar disorder, suicidal ideation, and self-harm. At
sentencing, the trial court remarked:
The fact pattern was an unusual one. And in some ways tending towards a little bit on the bizarre in the sense that the reaction that Ms. Hasseries had to the situation was grossly disproportionate to what was occurring at the time . . . .
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For that reason, I have some concerns about mental health as well as whether or not there was some drug issues. I know that there was some use of marijuana that maybe preceded— —this incident. And I’m not sure how much that might have played a part into what happened. I think there was also some reference in the victim impact statement to some drug use, I believe. And I’m not sure what is going on. There’s also references to mental health issues in the victim impact statement that is somewhat consistent with the fact pattern that the court observed.
VRP (March 22, 2019) at 11. The trial court stated “I think the larger issue in this case is
somewhere in line with mental health issues and/or drug issues.” VRP (March 22, 2019) at 12.
The trial court imposed drug and alcohol related community custody conditions as part of
Hasseries’s sentence and ordered Hasseries to complete substance use disorder and mental health
evaluations.
Hasseries appeals her judgment and sentence.
ANALYSIS
I. INSUFFICIENT EVIDENCE
Hasseries argues that the State failed to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that she
committed second degree assault because there was insufficient evidence to prove intent and
there was insufficient evidence to prove the absence of self-defense. We disagree.
Due process requires that the State prove every element of the charged offense beyond a
reasonable doubt. State v. Johnson, 188 Wn.2d 742, 750, 399 P.3d 507 (2017). In order to
convict Hasseries of second degree assault, the State had to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that
she intentionally assaulted Patrick thereby recklessly inflicting substantial bodily harm. RCW
9A.36.021(1)(a). The State also had the burden of proving the absence of self-defense beyond a
reasonable doubt. State v. Kyllo, 166 Wn.2d 856, 862, 215 P.3d 177 (2009).
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Evidence is sufficient to support a guilty verdict if any rational trier of fact, viewing the
evidence in the light most favorable to the State, could find the elements of the charged crime
beyond a reasonable doubt. State v. Longshore, 141 Wn.2d 414, 420-21, 5 P.3d 1256 (2000).
“In claiming insufficient evidence, the defendant necessarily admits the truth of the State’s
evidence and all reasonable inferences that can be drawn from it.” State v. Homan, 181 Wn.2d
102, 106, 330 P.3d 182 (2014). Such inferences must be drawn in favor of the State and
interpreted most strongly against the defendant. State v. Kintz, 169 Wn.2d 537, 551, 238 P.3d
470 (2010). “We defer to the jury ‘on issues of conflicting testimony, credibility of witnesses,
and the persuasiveness of the evidence.’” State v. Andy, 182 Wn.2d 294, 303, 340 P.3d 840
(2014) (quoting State v. Thomas, 150 Wn.2d 821, 874-75, 83 P.3d 970 (2004)). We may infer
specific criminal intent from conduct that plainly indicates such intent as a matter of logical
probability. State v. Goodman, 150 Wn.2d 774, 781, 83 P.3d 410 (2004). Circumstantial
evidence is not any less reliable or probative than direct evidence in reviewing the sufficiency of
the evidence supporting a jury verdict. Kintz, 169 Wn.2d at 551.
A. Intent
Hasseries argues that the State failed to present sufficient evidence that she intentionally
assaulted Patrick. We disagree.
Hasseries argues that the evidence only showed accidental contact during a struggle over
the sword after she armed herself in self-defense. But the jury rejected her version of events, and
we defer to the jury on issues of conflicting testimony, credibility of witnesses, and the
persuasiveness of the evidence. Andy, 182 Wn.2d at 303. And on a claim of insufficient
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evidence, the defendant admits the truth of the State’s evidence and all reasonable inferences
therefrom. Homan, 181 Wn.2d at 106.
Viewing the evidence and all reasonable inferences in the light most favorable to the
State, the evidence showed that Hasseries intentionally assaulted Patrick. Patrick testified that
after Hasseries repeatedly hit and kicked him upstairs, Hasseries armed herself with a 26-inch
sword. Hasseries cornered Patrick with the sword in an “attack-ready stance.” VRP (February
27, 2019) at 172. She then sliced Patrick’s arm with the sword before he attempted to disarm
her. This evidence indicates criminal intent as a matter of logical probability. Goodman, 150
Wn.2d at 781. Based on this evidence, a rational trier of fact could have found that Hasseries
intentionally assaulted Patrick beyond a reasonable doubt.
B. Self-Defense
Hasseries also argues that the State failed to present sufficient evidence to establish the
absence of self-defense. We disagree.
The State had the burden of proving the absence of self-defense beyond a reasonable
doubt. Kyllo, 166 Wn.2d at 862. The jury evaluates evidence of self-defense from the
standpoint of the reasonably prudent person, knowing all that the defendant knows and seeing all
that the defendant sees. State v. Janes, 121 Wn.2d 220, 238, 850 P.2d 495 (1993). The degree
of force used in self-defense is limited to what a reasonably prudent person would find necessary
under the conditions as they appeared to the defendant. State v. Walden, 131 Wn.2d 469, 474,
932 P.2d 1237 (1997).
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Hasseries relies on her trial testimony to support her argument. But the jury was not
required to believe her testimony. The State’s evidence, which we take as true on a sufficiency
challenge, shows that the argument turned physical when Hasseries began hitting and kicking
Patrick upstairs, and that she then escalated by arming herself with a sword and cornering him
before cutting his arm. There is no evidence that Patrick threatened Hasseries or pursued her
with a weapon such that it would justify Hasseries’s need to stab Patrick with the sword. We
defer to the jury on issues of conflicting testimony, credibility of witnesses, and the
persuasiveness of the evidence. Andy, 182 Wn.2d at 303. Based on the evidence presented at
trial, a rational trier of fact could have found beyond a reasonable doubt that Hasseries did not
act in self-defense when she assaulted Patrick.
II. INEFFECTIVE ASSISTANCE OF COUNSEL
Hasseries argues that she received ineffective assistance of counsel when counsel failed
to object to the first aggressor instruction. Specifically, Hasseries argues that the first aggressor
instruction given to the jury contained language that permitted the jury to determine that she was
the first aggressor based on her words alone. We disagree.
The Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution and article I, section 22 of the
Washington Constitution guarantee effective assistance of counsel. State v. Grier, 171 Wn.2d
17, 32, 246 P.3d 1260 (2011). We review ineffective assistance claims de novo. State v.
Sutherby, 165 Wn.2d 870, 883, 204 P.3d 916 (2009). To prove that she received ineffective
assistance of counsel, a defendant must show (1) that defense counsel’s conduct was deficient
and (2) that the deficient performance resulted in prejudice. State v. Linville, 191 Wn.2d 513,
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524, 423 P.3d 842 (2018). “Because both prongs must be met, a failure to show either prong will
end our inquiry.” State v. Classen, 4 Wn. App. 2d 520, 535, 422 P.3d 489 (2018).
To establish deficient performance, the defendant must show that trial counsel’s
performance fell below an objective standard of reasonableness. State v. Estes, 188 Wn.2d 450,
458, 395 P.3d 1045 (2017). We strongly presume that defense counsel’s conduct was not
deficient. State v. Emery, 174 Wn.2d 741, 755, 278 P.3d 653 (2012). To establish prejudice, the
defendant must show a reasonable probability that, absent counsel’s unprofessional errors, the
result of the proceeding would have been different. Estes, 188 Wn.2d at 458.
Generally, a defendant cannot claim self-defense when she was the aggressor provoking
an altercation. State v. Riley, 137 Wn.2d 904, 909, 976 P.2d 624 (1999). The first provoking act
must be an act that a “‘jury could reasonably assume would provoke a belligerent response by
the victim.’” State v. Bea, 162 Wn. App. 570, 577, 254 P.3d 948 (2011) (internal quotation
marks omitted) (quoting State v. Wasson, 54 Wn. App. 156, 159, 772 P.2d 1039 (1989)). A first
aggressor jury instruction is based on the principle that a defendant cannot claim self-defense
when she is the initial aggressor because the victim of the aggressive act is entitled to respond
with lawful force. Riley, 137 Wn.2d at 912. But a victim cannot lawfully respond with force to
a defendant’s use of words alone. State v. Kee, 6 Wn. App. 2d 874, 880-81, 431 P.3d 1080
(2018).
“Jury instructions are sufficient when they are supported by substantial evidence, permit
the parties to argue their theories of the case, and properly inform the jury of the applicable law.
Self-defense instructions are subject to heightened scrutiny and ‘must make the relevant legal
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standard manifestly apparent to the average juror.’” Kee, 6 Wn. App. 2d at 880 (internal
quotation marks omitted) (quoting State v. Woods, 138 Wn. App. 191, 196, 156 P.3d 309
(2007)). In Kee, this court held that the trial court erred in giving a first aggressor jury
instruction that permitted the jury to find that the defendant provoked the altercation based on
mere words where a reasonable juror could have concluded, based on the evidence, that the
defendant’s comments to the victim provoked the assault. 6 Wn. App. 2d at 880-82.
Hasseries cannot show that her trial counsel’s failure to object to the language of the first
aggressor instruction prejudiced her. This is not a case where, from the evidence presented at
trial, a reasonable juror could have concluded that Hasseries’s words alone provoked the
altercation. Nor did the State rely on Hasseries’s words to support a first aggressor theory. In its
closing argument, the State emphasized that the first aggressor doctrine is focused on actions.
The State acknowledged, “If you believe her story, then she wasn’t the aggressor [upstairs].”
VRP (Feb.28, 2019) at 379. The State argued that, even under Hasseries’s version of events,
once Hasseries came downstairs, she was the first aggressor based not on her words, but on her
action of arming herself with the sword.
Regardless of which of those stories you believe, the moment she came downstairs and she said she was no longer afraid of him and she walked through that living room, the first thing that happened was she grabbed the sword. He didn’t strike her. He didn’t threaten to strike her. He didn’t raise his fist. And so the very first force that was used downstairs was started with her grabbing the sword off the mantle and lunging forward at him.
VRP (Feb. 28, 2019) at 379-80.
Under either Hasseries’s or Patrick’s version of events, a reasonable juror could not have
concluded that Hasseries’s words alone provoked the need for self-defense. Hasseries cannot
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show that had her trial counsel objected to the first aggressor instruction’s lack of clarification
that the provoking act cannot be words alone that the outcome of the trial would have been
different. See Estes, 188 Wn.2d at 458. Accordingly, her argument that she received ineffective
assistance of counsel fails.
III. COMMUNITY CUSTODY CONDITIONS
Finally, Hasseries argues that the trial court erred by imposing community custody
conditions that are not crime-related. Specifically, Hasseries challenges the trial court’s
requirement that she undergo mental health and substance use evaluations and the trial court’s
imposition of alcohol and drug related conditions. We hold that the trial court did not abuse its
discretion by ordering Hasseries to undergo mental health and substance use evaluations or by
imposing alcohol and drug related community custody conditions.
Under the terms of community custody, a sentencing court has discretionary authority to
impose crime-related prohibitions and order participation in crime-related treatment or
counseling services. RCW 9.94A.703(3)(c), (f); State v. Land, 172 Wn. App. 593, 605, 295 P.3d
782 (2013). A “crime-related prohibition” is one that involves “conduct that directly relates to
the circumstances of the crime for which the offender has been convicted.” RCW
9.94A.030(10). We review the trial court’s decision to impose such conditions for an abuse of
discretion. State v. Armendariz¸160 Wn.2d 106, 110, 156 P.3d 201 (2007). An abuse of
discretion occurs when a trial court’s imposition of a condition is manifestly unreasonable. State
v. Hai Minh Nguyen, 191 Wn.2d 671, 678, 425 P.3d 847 (2018). Crime-related prohibitions
disallow conduct that directly or reasonably relates to the circumstances of the offense. Nguyen,
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191 Wn.2d at 683-84. “The prohibited conduct need not be identical to the crime of conviction,
but there must be ‘some basis for the connection.’” Nguyen, 191 Wn.2d at 684 (quoting State v.
Irwin, 191 Wn. App. 644, 657, 364 P.3d 830 (2015)).
The evidence shows that Hasseries used marijuana before the altercation with Patrick
ensued. The trial court also considered Patrick’s victim impact statement that alleged that
Hasseries’s use of mind-altering substances had increased in the time leading up to the assault.
The trial court found that drug issues could be the “larger issue” underlying the case. VRP
(March 22, 2019) at 12. Because there is some basis for the connection between Hasseries’s
substance use and her crime, we hold that the trial court did not abuse its discretion by imposing
drug related conditions or by ordering a substance use evaluation.
Additionally, the trial court did not abuse its discretion by ordering a mental health
evaluation. Patrick’s victim impact statement outlined Hasseries’s significant history with
mental illness, which the trial court found consistent with the fact pattern of the case. The trial
court found that Hasseries’s reaction to the situation was grossly disproportionate to what
occurred during the assault and expressed concern that mental health issues could have been a
contributing factor to the crime. Accordingly, ordering a mental health evaluation was
reasonably related to the circumstances of the assault, and the trial court did not abuse its
discretion.
A trial court also has authority to prohibit alcohol possession or consumption as a
community custody condition, regardless of the underlying offense’s nature. RCW
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9.94A.703(3)(e). Accordingly, the trial court did not abuse its discretion by prohibiting
Hasseries from possessing or consuming alcohol.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, we hold that the State presented sufficient evidence that a reasonable juror
could have found beyond a reasonable doubt that Hasseries intentionally assaulted Patrick and
did not act in self-defense. We further hold that Hasseries failed to show that she received
ineffective assistance of counsel. Finally, we hold that the trial court did not abuse its discretion
by imposing drug and alcohol related community custody conditions or by requiring Hasseries to
undergo mental health and substance use evaluations.
We affirm Hasseries’s conviction and sentence.
A majority of the panel having determined that this opinion will not be printed in the
Washington Appellate Reports, but will be filed for public record in accordance with RCW
2.06.040, it is so ordered.
______________________________ Worswick, P.J.
_______________________________ Melnick, J.
_______________________________ Cruser, J.