State of Vermont Agency of Transportation

CourtVermont Superior Court
DecidedFebruary 9, 2006
Docket188-10-04 Vtec
StatusPublished

This text of State of Vermont Agency of Transportation (State of Vermont Agency of Transportation) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Vermont Superior Court primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
State of Vermont Agency of Transportation, (Vt. Ct. App. 2006).

Opinion

STATE OF VERMONT

ENVIRONMENTAL COURT

} In re: State of Vermont Agency of Transportation } Docket No. 188‐10‐04 Vtec (Caledonia County State Airport) } }

Decision and Order on Cross‐Motions for Summary Judgment

Appellant‐Applicant State of Vermont Agency of Transportation (Vermont Agency

of Transportation or “VTrans”) appealed from certain conditions imposed by the Zoning

Board of Adjustment (ZBA) and Planning Commission of the Town of Lyndon, in their

respective grants of conditional use approval and site plan approval for the expansion of

the Caledonia County State Airport.

Appellant‐Applicant Vermont Agency of Transportation is represented by Trevor

R. Lewis, Esq.; the Town is represented by Franklin L. Kochman, Esq.; and Interested

Persons Gene Arnoff, Catherine M. Boykin, Herbert DiGioia, Rita DiGioia, Carl Edwards,

Lizbeth Edwards, Barbara Hill, Phyllis H. Josselyn, David A. Lussier, Steven Mitchell, Sr.,

James R. Tobin, Allen D. Young, Alley Young, and Bethany Young, appeared and represent

themselves. The Vermont Agency of Transportation and the Town have each moved for

summary judgment. The following facts are undisputed unless otherwise noted.

The Vermont Agency of Transportation owns a 78‐acre parcel on the westerly side

of Pudding Hill Road in a Commercial zoning district of the Town of Lyndon, on which

it operates the Caledonia County Airport. The property surrounding the airport is in the

Rural Residential zoning district.

The Caledonia County Airport does not serve passenger‐carrying operations at a

level requiring certification by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). 14 C.F.R. Part

1 139. Airports must receive FAA certification only if they either serve scheduled passenger‐

carrying operations of an air carrier operating aircraft designed for more than nine

passenger seats, 14 C.F.R. §139.1(a)(1), or if they serve unscheduled passenger‐carrying

operations of an air carrier operating aircraft designed for at least thirty‐one passenger

seats, 14 C.F.R. §139.1(a)(2).

An airport location beacon, that is, a beacon visible from the air at night to identify

the general location of the airport on the ground, is not required by the FAA if an airport

does not require FAA certification. If one is installed, however, it must meet certain

specifications. For a civilian airport such as the Caledonia County Airport the

specifications of an airport location beacon require that it use a green‐and‐white rotating

light. Specifications for airport location beacons, covering their flash rate, duration, color,

light intensity and visibility, are provided in Advisory Circular 150/5345‐12E. The airport

location beacon proposed for the Caledonia County Airport is proposed to rotate at a rate

of twenty‐four times per minute, making twelve white flashes alternating with twelve

green flashes per minute. 14 C.F.R. § 139.311(c)(3). Prior to the applications discussed in

this decision, the Caledonia County Airport had no airport location beacon.

In September of 2003, the Vermont Agency of Transportation received site plan and

conditional use approval from the Planning Commission and the ZBA to upgrade some of

the lighting systems at the Caledonia County Airport. The lighting at the airport formerly

was insufficient to allow the FAA to authorize landings at night under instrument flight

rules, that is, when poor visibility limits the visual information available to pilots for

navigation. The runway lights were too dim, and the airport lacked hazard beacons and

obstruction lights.

In their 2003 decisions, the Planning Commission and ZBA approved the pilot‐

2 activated1 runway lighting2 proposed to be placed on the Caledonia County Airport

property. In addition, at three locations in the area surrounding the airport, features in the

landscape encroach into the airspace 250 feet above the airport, an area within which pilots

expect to be able to fly safely. In the 2003 application, VTrans applied for approval to

locate two fixed‐bulb hazard beacons, each on a seventy‐foot‐tall tower, and one rotating‐

light airport location beacon, on an eighty‐foot‐tall tower, at these three locations, to be

active continuously from dusk to dawn,3 controlled by a light sensor. All three locations

are on private land in the Rural Residential zoning district surrounding the airport. The

Planning Commission and ZBA approved the two proposed hazard beacons, but

disapproved the rotating airport location beacon, ruling that a third hazard beacon could

be placed at that third location instead. No party appealed those decisions, and they

became final.

In their 2003 decisions, the Planning Commission and the ZBA denied VTrans’

proposal to install the rotating‐light airport location beacon on the neighboring property.

In denying conditional use approval, the ZBA concluded that it would have “an adverse

impact on the rural character of the surrounding area due to aesthetic reasons, and due to

the intrusion of the light onto properties and into people’s homes.” In denying site plan

approval, the Planning Commission concluded that “the site plan did not provide adequate

screening or landscaping to the rotating beacon to achieve maximum compatibility with

1 The runway lighting is activated by a radio signal from the pilot, and remains illuminated for twenty minutes. 2 A medium‐intensity runway lighting system, a medium‐intensity taxiway lighting system, a runway end identification lighting system, two runway precision approach path indicators, five obstruction lights, and a new wind sock. 3 It is also proposed to be illuminated during the daytime when visibility is less than three miles or the cloud ceiling is less than one thousand feet.

3 the protection of adjacent property.” No party appealed the September 2003 Planning

Commission or ZBA decisions; therefore they cannot now be challenged, either directly or

indirectly. 24 V.S.A. §4472; City of South Burlington v. Department of Corrections, 171 Vt.

587, 588‐89 (2000) (mem.).

On July 7, 2004, VTrans filed the present application for site plan and conditional use

approval for a dusk‐to‐dawn rotating‐light airport location beacon approximately a

quarter‐mile from the location of the previous proposal and on a shorter tower. The 2004

application proposed that the beacon be located on the Caledonia County Airport property

itself, eight hundred feet southerly of the existing hanger, on a 34.5‐foot tower, shielded to

the northwest where its light was expected to intercept the terrain, and set at the maximum

allowed angle of 12 degrees (to minimize its effect on ground‐based structures). It is this

application alone that is before the Court in the present appeal.

The Planning Commission and ZBA both ruled that the 2004 application was

sufficiently different from the 2003 application to be considered as a successive application.

VTrans conducted a demonstration of the rotating airport location beacon at night, at a

height of approximately twenty‐seven feet and located on top of the hangar, that is, about

eight hundred feet northerly of its actual proposed location. The demonstration beacon

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State of Vermont Agency of Transportation, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/state-of-vermont-agency-of-transportation-vtsuperct-2006.