State of Tennessee v. Andre S. Bland - Concurring/Dissenting

CourtTennessee Supreme Court
DecidedDecember 1, 1997
Docket02S01-9603-CR-00032
StatusPublished

This text of State of Tennessee v. Andre S. Bland - Concurring/Dissenting (State of Tennessee v. Andre S. Bland - Concurring/Dissenting) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Tennessee Supreme Court primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
State of Tennessee v. Andre S. Bland - Concurring/Dissenting, (Tenn. 1997).

Opinion

1 F O R P U B L I C A T I O N 2 3 4 I N T H E S U P R E M E C O U R T O F T E N N E S S E E FILED 5 A T J A C K S O N December 1, 1997 6 7 Cecil Crowson, Jr. 8 Appellate C ourt Clerk 9 S T A T E O F T E N N E S S E E ( 10 ( 11 A p p e l l e e , ( S h e l b y C o u n t y 12 ( 13 ( H o n . A r t h u r T . B e n n e t t , 14 v . ( J u d g e 15 ( 16 ( S . C t . N o . 0 2 S 0 1 - 9 6 0 3 - C R - 0 0 0 3 2 17 A N D R E S . B L A N D , ( 18 ( 19 A p p e l l a n t . ( 20 21 22 23 24 C O N C U R R I N G A N D D I S S E N T I N G O P I N I O N

26 T h e i s s u e s b e f o r e t h e C o u r t a r e s u f f i c i e n c y o f t h e

27 e v i d e n c e a n d c o m p a r a t i v e p r o p o r t i o n a l i t y o f t h e s e n t e n c e o f d e a t h .

28 I a g r e e w i t h t h e m a j o r i t y t h a t t h e e v i d e n c e i s s u f f i c i e n t t o

29 s u p p o r t t h e j u r y ’ s f i n d i n g o f p r e m e d i t a t i o n , t h a t t h e e v i d e n c e i s

30 s u f f i c i e n t t o s u p p o r t t h e j u r y ’ s f i n d i n g o f t o r t u r e ( i . e . t h e

31 “ i n f l i c t i o n o f s e v e r e p h y s i c a l o r m e n t a l p a i n u p o n t h e v i c t i m w h i l e

32 h e o r s h e r e m a i n s c o n s c i o u s ” ) , a n d t h a t t h e a g g r a v a t i n g

33 c i r c u m s t a n c e o u t w e i g h s t h e m i t i g a t i n g c i r c u m s t a n c e s . H o w e v e r , I

34 w o u l d f i n d t h a t t h e s e n t e n c e o f d e a t h i s d i s p r o p o r t i o n a t e .

36 A s s t a t e d b y t h e m a j o r i t y , t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s S u p r e m e

37 C o u r t h e l d i n P u l l y v . H a r r i s , 4 6 5 U . S . 3 7 , 1 0 4 S . C t . 8 7 1 ( 1 9 8 4 ) ,

38 t h a t c o m p a r a t i v e p r o p o r t i o n a l i t y r e v i e w i s n o t r e q u i r e d b y t h e

39 E i g h t h A m e n d m e n t i n e v e r y c a p i t a l c a s e . M a j o r i t y O p i n i o n a t _ _ _ _ _ 1 [ s l i p o p . a t p . 1 9 ] . T h a t , h o w e v e r , d o e s n o t d i s p o s e o f t h e

2 c o n s t i t u t i o n a l i s s u e s . T h e E i g h t h A m e n d m e n t r e q u i r e s a “ m e a n i n g f u l

3 b a s i s f o r d i s t i n g u i s h i n g t h e f e w c a s e s i n w h i c h [ t h e d e a t h p e n a l t y ]

4 i s i m p o s e d f r o m t h e m a n y c a s e s i n w h i c h i t i s n o t . ” S e e F u r m a n v .

5 G e o r g i a , 4 0 8 U . S . 2 3 8 , 3 1 3 , 9 2 S . C t . 2 7 2 6 , 2 7 6 4 ( 1 9 7 2 ) ( W h i t e , J . ,

6 c o n c u r r i n g ) . I n T e n n e s s e e , a n e s s e n t i a l a s p e c t o f t h a t “ m e a n i n g f u l

7 b a s i s ” r e q u i r e d b y t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s C o n s t i t u t i o n i s t h e

8 p r o p o r t i o n a l i t y r e v i e w m a n d a t e d b y T e n n . C o d e A n n . § 3 9 - 1 3 -

9 2 0 6 ( c ) ( 1 ) ( D ) . U n d e r T e n n e s s e e l a w , “ p r o s e c u t o r s m a y i n d i c t a n d

10 j u r i e s m a y c o n v i c t o n p r o o f o f r e c k l e s s i n d i f f e r e n c e , l e a v i n g t h e

11 c o n s t i t u t i o n a l r e q u i r e m e n t f o r n a r r o w i n g t o a p p e l l a t e r e v i e w . ”

12 S t a t e v . M i d d l e b r o o k s , 8 4 0 S . W . 2 d 3 1 7 , 3 5 4 ( T e n n . 1 9 9 2 ) ( R e i d ,

13 C . J . , a n d D a u g h t r e y , J . , c o n c u r r i n g i n p a r t a n d d i s s e n t i n g i n

14 p a r t ) . “ [ C ] a s e s p e c i f i c p r o p o r t i o n a l i t y r e v i e w . . . e n s u r e s t h a t

15 t h e d i c t a t e s o f t h e E i g h t h a n d F o u r t e e n t h A m e n d m e n t s a n d t h e i r

16 s t a t e c o u n t e r p a r t s , A r t i c l e I , § § 1 6 a n d 1 8 , a r e m e t i n c a p i t a l

17 f e l o n y m u r d e r s . ” I d . a t 3 5 0 ( D r o w o t a , J . , c o n c u r r i n g a n d

18 d i s s e n t i n g ) . “ [ T ] h i s C o u r t , a b l e t o c o n s i d e r n o t j u s t i n d i v i d u a l

19 c a s e s b u t t h e s p e c t r u m o f s e n t e n c e s i n c a s e s s t a t e w i d e , i s c h a r g e d

20 w i t h g u a r d i n g a g a i n s t a r b i t r a r y , c a p r i c i o u s , a n d f r e a k i s h

21 i m p o s i t i o n o f c a p i t a l p u n i s h m e n t . ” S t a t e v . H a r r i s , 8 3 9 S . W . 2 d 5 4 ,

22 8 4 ( T e n n . 1 9 9 2 ) ( R e i d , C . J . , a n d D a u g h t r e y , J . , d i s s e n t i n g ) .

24 I n a d d i t i o n t o t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f t h e E i g h t h A m e n d m e n t

25 a n d A r t i c l e I , S e c t i o n 1 6 , c o n s t i t u t i o n a l d u e p r o c e s s r e q u i r e s a

26 r a t i o n a l a n d c o n s i s t e n t i m p o s i t i o n o f t h e d e a t h s e n t e n c e . S e e ,

27 e . g . , H a r r i s v . B l o d g e t t , 8 5 3 F . S u p p . 1 2 3 9 , 1 2 9 1 ( 1 9 9 4 ) . W h e r e

- 2 - 1 t h e S t a t e p r o v i d e s f o r a s y s t e m o f a p p e l l a t e r e v i e w , t h a t p r o c e d u r e

2 m u s t c o n f o r m w i t h b a s i c r e q u i r e m e n t s o f d u e p r o c e s s . S e e H e r r e r a

3 v . C o l l i n s , 5 0 6 U . S . 3 9 0 , 4 0 8 , 1 1 3 S . C t . 8 5 3 , 8 6 4 ( 1 9 9 3 ) .

5 C o n s e q u e n t l y , o n l y a n e f f e c t i v e p r o c e d u r e f o r p e r f o r m i n g

6 a c o m p a r a t i v e p r o p o r t i o n a l i t y r e v i e w w i l l s a t i s f y t h e s t a t u t e a s

7 w e l l a s t h e s t a t e a n d f e d e r a l c o n s t i t u t i o n s .

9 A s n o t e d b y t h e m a j o r i t y , b e g i n n i n g w i t h S t a t e v .

10 H a r r i s , 8 3 9 S . W . 2 d 5 4 , 8 4 ( T e n n . 1 9 9 2 ) ( C . J . R e i d , d i s s e n t i n g ) , a n d

11 c o n t i n u i n g o v e r t h e i n t e r v e n i n g f i v e y e a r s , I h a v e c r i t i c i z e d t h e

12 C o u r t f o r f a i l i n g " t o a r t i c u l a t e a n d a p p l y a s t a n d a r d f o r

13 c o m p a r a t i v e p r o p o r t i o n a l i t y r e v i e w o f t h e d e a t h s e n t e n c e . . . . "

14 I n H a r r i s , I u r g e d t h e C o u r t t o " d e v e l o p a n d a p p l y o b j e c t i v e

15 c r i t e r i a a n d p r o c e d u r e s f o r c o m p a r i n g a l l f i r s t d e g r e e m u r d e r c a s e s

16 a n d i n e a c h c a p i t a l c a s e e x p r e s s l y a n a l y z e t h o s e f e a t u r e s s h o w i n g

17 i t t o b e s i m i l a r t o o r d i f f e r e n t f r o m o t h e r f i r s t d e g r e e m u r d e r s . "

18 I d . a t 8 5 . T h e p r o p o r t i o n a l i t y r e v i e w p r o c e d u r e o u t l i n e d b y t h e

19 m a j o r i t y i n t h i s c a s e a n s w e r s m a n y o f t h e p r o b l e m s r a i s e d i n t h e s e

20 p r i o r d e c i s i o n s . T h e m a j o r i t y s e t s a c o u r s e w h i c h c o u l d d e v e l o p

21 i n t o a p r o c e d u r e w h i c h c o m p l i e s w i t h t h e s t a t u t e a n d t h e 1 22 c o n s t i t u t i o n s .

1 N o t w i t h s t a n d i n g t h e m a j o r i t y ’ s s o m e w h a t s h r i l l a n d s e l f - c o n s c i o u s r e s p o n s e t o t h e d i s s e n t i n t h i s a n d p r i o r c a s e s , m a j o r i t y o p i n i o n , p . 2 8 - 3 0 , t h e d i s s e n t s i n t h e p r e s e n t c a s e p r o m p t e d a r e v i s i o n o f t h e m a j o r i t y o p i n i o n a n d e x p a n s i o n o f t h e p r o p o r t i o n a l i t y a n a l y s i s t o 2 5 p a g e s .

Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI

Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
State of Tennessee v. Andre S. Bland - Concurring/Dissenting, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/state-of-tennessee-v-andre-s-bland-concurringdisse-tenn-1997.