NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court." Although it is posted on the internet, this opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-3.
SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY APPELLATE DIVISION DOCKET NO. A-2062-17T2
STATE OF NEW JERSEY,
Plaintiff-Respondent,
v.
SAQUAN S. PEACE,
Defendant-Appellant. _____________________________
Submitted December 18, 2019 – Decided April 21, 2020
Before Judges Whipple, Gooden Brown, and Mawla.
On appeal from the Superior Court of New Jersey, Law Division, Hudson County, Indictment No. 17-01-0005.
Joseph E. Krakora Public Defender, attorney for appellant (Frank M. Gennaro, Designated Counsel, on the brief).
Esther Suarez, Hudson County Prosecutor, attorney for respondent (Alanna M. Jereb, Assistant Prosecutor, on the brief).
PER CURIAM Defendant Saquan S. Peace appeals from a November 21, 2017 judgment
of conviction after a jury convicted him of second-degree unlawful possession
of a weapon, N.J.S.A. 2C:39-5(b); second-degree possession of a weapon for an
unlawful purpose, N.J.S.A. 2C:38-4(a); and fourth-degree resisting arrest by
flight, N.J.S.A. 2C:29-2(a)(2). We affirm.
Defendant raises the following issues on appeal.
POINT I. DEFENDANT WAS ENTITLED TO JUDGMENTS OF ACQUITTAL AS THE STATE FAILED TO PROVE ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF THE CRIMES.
POINT II. THE TRIAL COURT'S JURY INSTRUCTION ON THE DOCTRINE OF FLIGHT WAS PLAINLY ERRONEOUS. (Not Raised Below).
We discern the following facts from the record. In the early hours of
October 2, 2016, Officer Jose Perez of the Jersey City Police Department
received a report of "shots fired" at Sherman Avenue and Franklin Street. Perez
and his partner, Officer Edwin Medina, went to the area where they spoke with
a man who identified a white Mazda that had allegedly sped through a stop sign.
The officers ordered the Mazda driver to shut off the vehicle and show his hands.
Perez and Medina both approached the Mazda. Perez went toward the
passenger's side of the vehicle while Medina went towards the front. Perez,
A-2062-17T2 2 standing in front of the passenger door with his weapon drawn, said "Stop. Don't
move. Stop. Don't move." Perez looked directly at the front passenger of the
vehicle, who he later identified as Rhudell Cruz-Snelling. Instead of stopping,
the Mazda driver drove away, and the officers gave chase.
Medina radioed identifying information, and Sergeant Crisant Bereguette
observed a white vehicle driving the wrong direction down the street. The
vehicle then pulled into a driveway where a man exited the vehicle and ran
across the street towards the sidewalk. Bereguette used her flashlight to look
inside the vehicle and noticed a handgun, later identified as a black semi-
automatic Smith & Wesson, on the floorboard of the passenger's side.
Officer Nancy Rojas heard, over dispatch, the description of a male
wanted in connection with the shots fired call and saw Cruz-Snelling, matching
the description, walking. Rojas stopped Cruz-Snelling for an investigation and
noticed dirt marks and grass stains on his pants. Perez and Medina responded
to Rojas' location, identified Cruz-Snelling as the man they were looking for,
and arrested him.
The police later executed a search warrant for the Mazda and recovered
Cruz-Snelling's wallet from the front passenger side of the vehicle, as well as a
magazine for a Smith & Wesson handgun, loaded with nine-millimeter
A-2062-17T2 3 Winchester Luger rounds, from the center console. Detective Joseph
Chidichimo had recovered two shell casings from the scene, one from a nine -
millimeter Luger and another from a .380 Winchester. He also recovered
surveillance video from buildings in the area showing four people walking south
on Sherman Avenue away from Franklin Street. A silver revolver was recovered
nearby with six spent casings inside its cylinder.
The police arrested the driver, co-defendant Jason Smith, the next day.
Smith pled guilty to third-degree eluding, N.J.S.A. 2C:29-2(b), and agreed to
testify against his co-defendants after giving a statement. He testified that on
October 1, 2016, between 11:00 a.m. and 2:00 p.m., Cruz-Snelling and Smith's
sister, Holly Wippert, picked him up in the Mazda and then dropped Wippert off
in Manchester. Smith then drove the Mazda, with Cruz-Snelling in the front
passenger seat, to Bound Brook where they picked up defendant.
Smith, Cruz-Snelling, and defendant drove to Newark, where they drank
alcohol. Then Smith drove to Jersey City with Cruz-Snelling, defendant, and
two other individuals to meet "females . . . and then . . . go get another bottle of
liquor." Smith eventually parked and waited as the four other occupants of the
Mazda left to meet up with the women and "to go get the liquor."
A-2062-17T2 4 After five to ten minutes, the four ran back to the car, got in their original
seats, and told Smith to drive off as if they were in a rush. Smith testifi ed that
Cruz-Snelling had a black gun in his hand and he believed defendant had a big
silver gun in his hand. Smith drove away from the scene with the others in the
car as Cruz-Snelling told him where to drive. Eventually, Smith arrived at a
stop sign, "a bunch of cops" appeared "out of nowhere," and a police officer,
with a gun, directed him to "turn off the car." Smith testified he drove until he
crashed the vehicle, then ran.
Defendant was also arrested and gave a video-recorded statement to police
acknowledging he was in the Mazda with an individual known to him as "Big
Boy," Smith, and someone named Johnny or Ghost. Defendant reported that
Big Boy had a black gun in his hand and Johnny had the silver gun. Defendant
denied getting out of the car. He stated the shooting occurred on the first time
they "spun the block," and that on their third time coming around the police
spotted them. He asserted that he told the other passengers he was "not going
down for ya'll straps," after which the other passengers threw their guns out the
window, and when the car came to a stop, all the occupants jumped out of the
car.
A-2062-17T2 5 Defendant was charged in an indictment with co-defendants Cruz-
Snelling and Smith on January 10, 2017, with second-degree unlawful
possession of a weapon–handgun, N.J.S.A. 2C:39-5(b)(1); second-degree
possession of a weapon for an unlawful purpose, N.J.S.A. 2C:39-4(a)(1); third-
degree aggravated assault against a law enforcement officer, N.J.S.A. 2C:12-
1(b)(5)(a); fourth-degree resisting arrest by flight, N.J.S.A. 2C:29-2(a)(2); and
fourth-degree criminal mischief, N.J.S.A. 2C:17-3(a)(1). Defendant and Cruz-
Snelling were tried together before a jury.
At the end of the State's case, defendant moved for judgments of acquittal.
The court denied the motion after finding the evidence sufficient to warrant a
conviction. During jury instructions, the trial judge instructed the jury on the
doctrine of flight, with no objections from counsel.
The jury convicted defendant of the weapons charges and resisting arrest.
He was sentenced to an aggregate five-year term with forty-two months of parole
ineligibility. This appeal followed.
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NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court." Although it is posted on the internet, this opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-3.
SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY APPELLATE DIVISION DOCKET NO. A-2062-17T2
STATE OF NEW JERSEY,
Plaintiff-Respondent,
v.
SAQUAN S. PEACE,
Defendant-Appellant. _____________________________
Submitted December 18, 2019 – Decided April 21, 2020
Before Judges Whipple, Gooden Brown, and Mawla.
On appeal from the Superior Court of New Jersey, Law Division, Hudson County, Indictment No. 17-01-0005.
Joseph E. Krakora Public Defender, attorney for appellant (Frank M. Gennaro, Designated Counsel, on the brief).
Esther Suarez, Hudson County Prosecutor, attorney for respondent (Alanna M. Jereb, Assistant Prosecutor, on the brief).
PER CURIAM Defendant Saquan S. Peace appeals from a November 21, 2017 judgment
of conviction after a jury convicted him of second-degree unlawful possession
of a weapon, N.J.S.A. 2C:39-5(b); second-degree possession of a weapon for an
unlawful purpose, N.J.S.A. 2C:38-4(a); and fourth-degree resisting arrest by
flight, N.J.S.A. 2C:29-2(a)(2). We affirm.
Defendant raises the following issues on appeal.
POINT I. DEFENDANT WAS ENTITLED TO JUDGMENTS OF ACQUITTAL AS THE STATE FAILED TO PROVE ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF THE CRIMES.
POINT II. THE TRIAL COURT'S JURY INSTRUCTION ON THE DOCTRINE OF FLIGHT WAS PLAINLY ERRONEOUS. (Not Raised Below).
We discern the following facts from the record. In the early hours of
October 2, 2016, Officer Jose Perez of the Jersey City Police Department
received a report of "shots fired" at Sherman Avenue and Franklin Street. Perez
and his partner, Officer Edwin Medina, went to the area where they spoke with
a man who identified a white Mazda that had allegedly sped through a stop sign.
The officers ordered the Mazda driver to shut off the vehicle and show his hands.
Perez and Medina both approached the Mazda. Perez went toward the
passenger's side of the vehicle while Medina went towards the front. Perez,
A-2062-17T2 2 standing in front of the passenger door with his weapon drawn, said "Stop. Don't
move. Stop. Don't move." Perez looked directly at the front passenger of the
vehicle, who he later identified as Rhudell Cruz-Snelling. Instead of stopping,
the Mazda driver drove away, and the officers gave chase.
Medina radioed identifying information, and Sergeant Crisant Bereguette
observed a white vehicle driving the wrong direction down the street. The
vehicle then pulled into a driveway where a man exited the vehicle and ran
across the street towards the sidewalk. Bereguette used her flashlight to look
inside the vehicle and noticed a handgun, later identified as a black semi-
automatic Smith & Wesson, on the floorboard of the passenger's side.
Officer Nancy Rojas heard, over dispatch, the description of a male
wanted in connection with the shots fired call and saw Cruz-Snelling, matching
the description, walking. Rojas stopped Cruz-Snelling for an investigation and
noticed dirt marks and grass stains on his pants. Perez and Medina responded
to Rojas' location, identified Cruz-Snelling as the man they were looking for,
and arrested him.
The police later executed a search warrant for the Mazda and recovered
Cruz-Snelling's wallet from the front passenger side of the vehicle, as well as a
magazine for a Smith & Wesson handgun, loaded with nine-millimeter
A-2062-17T2 3 Winchester Luger rounds, from the center console. Detective Joseph
Chidichimo had recovered two shell casings from the scene, one from a nine -
millimeter Luger and another from a .380 Winchester. He also recovered
surveillance video from buildings in the area showing four people walking south
on Sherman Avenue away from Franklin Street. A silver revolver was recovered
nearby with six spent casings inside its cylinder.
The police arrested the driver, co-defendant Jason Smith, the next day.
Smith pled guilty to third-degree eluding, N.J.S.A. 2C:29-2(b), and agreed to
testify against his co-defendants after giving a statement. He testified that on
October 1, 2016, between 11:00 a.m. and 2:00 p.m., Cruz-Snelling and Smith's
sister, Holly Wippert, picked him up in the Mazda and then dropped Wippert off
in Manchester. Smith then drove the Mazda, with Cruz-Snelling in the front
passenger seat, to Bound Brook where they picked up defendant.
Smith, Cruz-Snelling, and defendant drove to Newark, where they drank
alcohol. Then Smith drove to Jersey City with Cruz-Snelling, defendant, and
two other individuals to meet "females . . . and then . . . go get another bottle of
liquor." Smith eventually parked and waited as the four other occupants of the
Mazda left to meet up with the women and "to go get the liquor."
A-2062-17T2 4 After five to ten minutes, the four ran back to the car, got in their original
seats, and told Smith to drive off as if they were in a rush. Smith testifi ed that
Cruz-Snelling had a black gun in his hand and he believed defendant had a big
silver gun in his hand. Smith drove away from the scene with the others in the
car as Cruz-Snelling told him where to drive. Eventually, Smith arrived at a
stop sign, "a bunch of cops" appeared "out of nowhere," and a police officer,
with a gun, directed him to "turn off the car." Smith testified he drove until he
crashed the vehicle, then ran.
Defendant was also arrested and gave a video-recorded statement to police
acknowledging he was in the Mazda with an individual known to him as "Big
Boy," Smith, and someone named Johnny or Ghost. Defendant reported that
Big Boy had a black gun in his hand and Johnny had the silver gun. Defendant
denied getting out of the car. He stated the shooting occurred on the first time
they "spun the block," and that on their third time coming around the police
spotted them. He asserted that he told the other passengers he was "not going
down for ya'll straps," after which the other passengers threw their guns out the
window, and when the car came to a stop, all the occupants jumped out of the
car.
A-2062-17T2 5 Defendant was charged in an indictment with co-defendants Cruz-
Snelling and Smith on January 10, 2017, with second-degree unlawful
possession of a weapon–handgun, N.J.S.A. 2C:39-5(b)(1); second-degree
possession of a weapon for an unlawful purpose, N.J.S.A. 2C:39-4(a)(1); third-
degree aggravated assault against a law enforcement officer, N.J.S.A. 2C:12-
1(b)(5)(a); fourth-degree resisting arrest by flight, N.J.S.A. 2C:29-2(a)(2); and
fourth-degree criminal mischief, N.J.S.A. 2C:17-3(a)(1). Defendant and Cruz-
Snelling were tried together before a jury.
At the end of the State's case, defendant moved for judgments of acquittal.
The court denied the motion after finding the evidence sufficient to warrant a
conviction. During jury instructions, the trial judge instructed the jury on the
doctrine of flight, with no objections from counsel.
The jury convicted defendant of the weapons charges and resisting arrest.
He was sentenced to an aggregate five-year term with forty-two months of parole
ineligibility. This appeal followed.
We reject defendant's first argument. We use the same standard as the
trial judge in reviewing a motion for judgment of acquittal at the close of the
State's case. State v. Bunch, 180 N.J. 534, 548-49 (2004). We must determine
whether, viewing the State's evidence in its entirety, be that evidence direct or circumstantial, and giving the
A-2062-17T2 6 State the benefit of all its favorable testimony as well as all of the favorable inferences which reasonably could be drawn therefrom, a reasonable jury could find guilt of the charge beyond a reasonable doubt.
[State v. Reyes, 50 N.J. 454, 459 (1967).]
Under Rule 3:18-1, the court "is not concerned with the worth, nature or
extent (beyond a scintilla) of the evidence, but only with its existence, viewed
most favorably to the State." State v. Muniz, 150 N.J. Super. 436, 440 (App.
Div. 1977). "If the evidence satisfies that standard, the motion must be denied."
State v. Spivey, 179 N.J. 229, 236 (2004).
Defendant argues there is no evidence he fired a gun during the incident
or that the recovered shell casings matched the silver gun attributed to him.
However, Smith testified that all four passengers had guns, he saw a big silver
gun in the back seat near defendant, and he observed defendant return to the car
with a gun in his hand after shots had been fired. As for resisting, defendant
was in a vehicle that had been ordered to stop. After the vehicle crashed,
defendant ran from police along with the others.
We are satisfied the evidence in this case, viewed in its entirety and giving
the State all favorable inferences therefrom, was more than sufficient to allow a
reasonable jury to find defendant guilty of unlawful possession of a handgun,
possession of a handgun for an unlawful purpose, and resisting arrest by flight,
A-2062-17T2 7 beyond a reasonable doubt.
We also reject defendant's argument the judge committed plain error when
he charged the jury on flight. Because defendant did not object to the flight
charge, we review this contention under the plain error standard of review. R.
2:10-2. "To warrant reversal, the error must be 'clearly capable of producing an
unjust result.'" State v. McKinney, 223 N.J. 475, 494 (2015). We must
determine whether "[l]egal impropriety in the charge prejudicially affect[ed] the
substantial rights of the defendant sufficiently grievous to justify notice by the
reviewing court and to convince the court that of itself the error possessed a
clear capacity to bring about an unjust result.'" State v. Torres, 183 N.J. 554,
564 (2005) (alteration in original) (quoting State v. Jordan, 147 N.J. 409, 422
(1997)). We must read the charge as a whole to determine whether there was
any error. Ibid. (citations omitted). In addition, any finding of plain error
depends on an evaluation of the overall strength of the State's case. See State v.
Cotto, 182 N.J. 316, 326-27 (2005).
"Flight from the scene of a crime, depending on the circumstances, may
be evidential of consciousness of guilt, provided the flight pertains to the crime
charged." State v. Randolph, 228 N.J. 566, 594 (2017). The circumstances of
flight must "'reasonably justify an inference that it was done with a
A-2062-17T2 8 consciousness of guilt' to avoid apprehension on the charged offense." Id. at
594-95 (quoting State v. Ingram, 196 N.J. 23, 46 (2008)); see also State v.
Latney, 415 N.J. Super. 169, 177-78 (App. Div. 2010) (holding evidence of the
defendant's flight was not sufficient to infer that he fled to avoid apprehension
for robbery, where the trial court excluded pertinent facts).
Here, the jury could draw reasonable inferences from the evidence that
defendant fled the scene to avoid arrest. His flight occurred after the police told
Smith to stop and after Smith crashed the car. Defendant admitted he ran from
police. The jury could draw a reasonable inference that the circumstances
surrounding the flight were intrinsically indicative of a conscious ness of guilt
of all crimes charged, including possession of a handgun. The jury charge on
flight was warranted.
Affirmed.
A-2062-17T2 9