NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court ." Although it is posted on the internet, this opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-3.
SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY APPELLATE DIVISION DOCKET NO. A-3162-19
STATE OF NEW JERSEY,
Plaintiff-Respondent,
v.
LUIS A. PEGUERO-NIN, a/k/a, LUIS A. NIN, LUIS A. PEGUERONIN, and LUIS A. PEGUERO,
Defendant-Appellant. ________________________
Submitted November 15, 2021 – Decided December 6, 2021
Before Judges Sumners and Vernoia.
On appeal from the Superior Court of New Jersey, Law Division, Passaic County, Indictment No. 18-03-0039.
Hunt, Hamlin & Ridley, attorneys for appellant (Raymond L. Hamlin, of counsel and on the brief).
Andrew J. Bruck, Acting Attorney General, attorney for respondent (Daniel Finkelstein, Deputy Attorney General, of counsel and on the brief).
PER CURIAM Defendant Luis A. Peguero-Nin pleaded guilty to first-degree promoting
organized street crime, N.J.S.A. 2C:33-30(a), and third-degree distribution of
controlled dangerous substances, N.J.S.A. 2C:35-5(a)(1). He appeals from a
February 19, 2019 order denying his motion to suppress evidence seized
following execution of two search warrants at a Pearl Street address in Paterson. 1
He contends the affidavits supporting the search warrants contained false
information he resided at the Pearl Street address, and for that reason, the court
erred by denying his request for a Franks2 hearing. Unpersuaded by defendant's
argument, we affirm.
I.
In December 2017, New Jersey Division of Criminal Justice (DCJ)
detective Russell Kingsland presented a Law Division judge with an affidavit in
support of a request for search warrants for three apartments and five vehicles,
1 Defendant also appeals from an April 23, 2019 order denying his motion to dismiss count twenty-six of the indictment. In his brief on appeal, defendant does not offer any argument challenging the April 23, 2019 order. We therefore do not address the order other than to note it is affirmed. See State v. Shangzhen Huang, 461 N.J. Super. 119, 125 (App. Div. 2018) (explaining, "claims that have not been briefed are abandoned on appeal"); Pressler & Verniero, Current N.J. Court Rules, cmt. 5 on R. 2:6-2 (2021) ("[A]n issue that is not briefed [on appeal] is deemed waived."). 2 Franks v. Delaware, 438 U.S. 154, 155-56 (1978). A-3162-19 2 and arrest warrants for defendant and eight other individuals. The affidavit
described an investigation that commenced in July 2017, and involved
surveillance, purchases of narcotics by a cooperating witness, and intercepts of
telephone communications. The affidavit stated "[t]he investigation revealed"
defendant is a "cocaine supplier" to Jeffrey Jaquez, a cocaine distributer "in and
around Paterson, New Jersey."
The affidavit described four controlled purchases of cocaine from Jaquez
by the cooperating witness, and defendant's involvement in supplying Jaquez
with the cocaine he sold to the witness. As explained in Kingsland's affidavit,
during intercepted telephone conversations Jaquez ordered the cocaine from
defendant that Jaquez needed to supply the cooperating witness. "On several
occasions," DCJ detectives observed defendant "met [with] Jaquez to make the
exchange . . . and then close [there]after, Jaquez met with the [cooperating
witness] with the product."
Kingsland explained that "physical surveillance, electronic surveillance,
information from informants and phone calls intercepted pursuant
to . . . [w]iretaps" provided probable cause to believe that defendant and two
other individuals, identified as Gaby and Gingo, "utilize[d] the [Pearl Street]
residence . . . in furtherance of distributing narcotics and weapons." Kingsland
A-3162-19 3 further stated "[i]t is known through [a confidential informant] that 'Gaby' and
'Gingo' both live with [defendant] at" the Pearl Street address. According to
Kingsland, on several occasions DCJ detectives observed Gaby and Gingo leave
the Pearl Street address "and deliver product or money to individuals" as
directed by defendant.
More particularly, Kingsland explained that during an October 27, 2017,
intercepted telephone communication defendant directed a cocaine supplier to
the Pearl Street address to receive a payment from Gaby for a narcotics
transaction. DCJ detectives observed the supplier arrive in front of the Pearl
Street address, where Gaby entered the supplier's vehicle for two minutes, and
then exited. A few minutes later, during an intercepted phone call between
defendant and the supplier, the supplier informed defendant that Gaby overpaid
him.
Later that same day, defendant received a call from an unidentified male
who sought to obtain "a big one" from defendant. Based on his experience,
Kingsland understood "a big one" to refer to a quantity of narcotics. Defendant
told the caller he was in Pennsylvania but "Gaby is there [at] the house" and
"Gaby is home." Defendant then said, he was "going over there now."
A-3162-19 4 According to Kingsland's affidavit, on December 2, 2017, defendant
received a call from another unidentified male and negotiated a sale of narcotics.
Defendant indicated he would bring the narcotics to the caller. Less than ten
minutes later, defendant arrived at the Pearl Street address, entered the house,
remained for six minutes and then departed. Kingsland stated it was his belief
defendant "stashe[d] narcotics at" the Pearl Street address "and left the
residence . . . to deliver the narcotics."
On December 4, 2017, defendant received a call from another unidentified
male. The caller sought from defendant what the detectives, based on their
experience and investigation, understood to be a firearm. The caller was with
Gingo and he told defendant they were "in front of [defendant's] house."
Defendant asked the caller to put Gingo on the phone so Gingo could "go up and
get it." Defendant then directed Gingo to the "'Rollo' that is up there, in the
middle drawer." As defendant directed Gingo on the phone to retrieve the gun,
DCJ detectives observed Gingo exit the vehicle and enter the Pearl Street
address. Later that day, the same unidentified male again called defendant,
stating he "want[ed] to take the small one, because the little one can be concealed
easier." Kingsland understood the discussion to describe the unidentified male's
interest in obtaining a smaller firearm from defendant.
A-3162-19 5 In his affidavit, Kingsland described the Pearl Street address as "multi-
story, multi-family house" that is "divided into two floors, both accessed by the
white front door on the first level" and had "two mailboxes on the front of the
house." Kingsland sought a search warrant for the second-floor apartment. The
court issued the requested search warrant.
Later the same day, DCJ detectives executed the search warrant at the
Pearl Street address. They discovered defendant did not reside at the second-
floor apartment. The occupant of that apartment informed the detectives there
was an attic-apartment located on the third floor of the premises. The occupant
described the attic-apartment's occupant, and the detectives determined the
description matched defendant. Officers entered the attic-apartment to secure
it, and, after determining no occupants were present, they applied for an
amended search warrant.
DCJ Detective Sergeant Patrick Sole submitted an affidavit seeking an
amended search warrant for the third-floor attic-apartment. Sole's affidavit
incorporated by reference the information included in Kingsland's affidavit.
Sole further stated "occupants" of the second-floor apartment "informed" DCJ
detectives that defendant "lives upstairs." Sole also stated that information
received in response to a subpoena issued to Public Service Gas & Electric
A-3162-19 6 (PSE&G) showed "only two apartments" at the Pearl Street address. He noted
"[t]he attic apartment appears to be an illegal, unauthorized apartment."
The court issued an amended search warrant for the third-floor attic-
apartment. A search of the apartment resulted in the seizure of "three handguns,
heroin in excess of [five] ounces, CDS paraphernalia for packaging and
distribution, U.S. currency, and a knife."
Defendant moved to suppress the evidence. He argued the search warrant
affidavits lacked sufficient facts supporting a finding of probable cause he
resided at the Pearl Street address. He also claimed Sole's affidavit inaccurately
stated that occupants of the second-floor apartment said "defendant lives
upstairs in an attic apartment" while a DCJ investigation report stated only the
second-floor resident had "described" an individual "matching" defendant's
description as the occupant of the attic-apartment. Defendant argued the alleged
inaccuracy in the affidavit required that the court conduct a Franks hearing.3
In a detailed opinion issued from the bench, the court denied defendant 's
request for a Franks hearing and his motion to suppress. The court summarized
the information contained in Kingsland's affidavit, detailing the instances where
3 Defendant does not reprise this argument on appeal, and the State therefore does not address it in its opposition brief. We therefore do not consider it. See Shangzhen Huang, 461 N.J. Super. at 125. A-3162-19 7 defendant utilized the Pearl Street address to conduct transactions, referred to it
as home, and demonstrated "intimate knowledge of [the] house" by directing
Gingo to obtain firearms from the apartment. The court determined Kingsland's
affidavit established probable cause to believe defendant resided at the Pearl
Street address. The court rejected defendant's request for a Franks hearing,
finding any discrepancy between Sole's affidavit and the investigation report
concerning the information provided by the second-floor resident did not
establish either a deliberate falsehood or reckless disregard for the truth required
to establish an entitlement to a Franks hearing.
As noted, defendant pleaded guilty to promoting organized street crime
and distribution of CDS. The court sentenced defendant in accordance with the
plea agreement. This appeal, challenging the court's order denying defendant's
suppression motion, followed.
Defendant presents the following argument for our consideration:
POINT ONE
THE MOTION COURT WAS IN ERROR BY FAILING TO FIND THAT THE DEFENDANT PROVIDED SUFFICIENT INFORMATION TO MERIT A HEARING PURSUANT TO FRANKS V[.] DELAWARE[.]
A-3162-19 8 II.
A search executed pursuant to a warrant enjoys a presumption of validity.
State v. Marshall, 199 N.J. 602, 612 (2009). "Doubt as to the validity of the
warrant 'should ordinarily be resolved by sustaining the search.'" State v. Keyes,
184 N.J. 541, 554 (2005) (quoting State v. Jones, 179 N.J. 377, 388-89 (2004)).
The defendant bears the burden of challenging the search and must "prove 'that
there was no probable cause supporting the issuance of the warrant or that the
search was otherwise unreasonable.'" Jones, 179 N.J. at 388 (quoting State v.
Valencia, 93 N.J. 126, 133 (1983)). Probable cause for a search warrant exists
where, "given all the circumstances" set forth in the supporting affidavit, "there
is a fair probability that contraband or evidence of a crime will be found in a
particular place." State v. Demeter, 124 N.J. 374, 380-81 (1991) (quoting
Illinois v. Gates, 462 U.S. 213, 238 (1983)); see also Marshall, 199 N.J. at 610
(explaining a search "warrant should not issue unless the court is satisfied that
there is 'probable cause to believe a crime has been committed, or is being
committed, at a specific location or that evidence of a crime is at the place sought
to be searched'" (quoting State v. Sullivan, 169 N.J. 204, 210 (2001))).
"When reviewing the issuance of a search warrant by another judge, the
[motion] judge is required to pay substantial deference to the [issuing] judge's
A-3162-19 9 determination." State v. Dispoto, 383 N.J. Super. 205, 216 (App. Div. 2006).
Where a defendant challenges the veracity of a search warrant affidavit, a Franks
hearing is required "where the defendant makes a substantial preliminary
showing that a false statement knowingly and intentionally, or with reckless
disregard for the truth, was included by the affiant in the warrant affidavit, and
if the allegedly false statement is necessary to the finding of probable cause. "
438 U.S. at 155-56. The defendant "must allege a 'deliberate falsehood or
reckless disregard for the truth,' pointing out with specificity the portions of the
warrant that are claimed to be untrue." State v. Howery, 80 N.J. 563, 567 (1979)
(quoting Franks, 438 U.S. at 171).
A defendant must also prove the allegations supporting the request "'by a
preponderance of the evidence' and that false statements in the affidavit 'must
be material to the extent that when they are excised from the affidavit, that
document no longer contains facts sufficient to establish probable cause.'" State
v. Desir, 245 N.J. 179, 197 (2021) (quoting Howery, 80 N.J. at 568). If a search
warrant affidavit contains sufficient facts establishing probable cause even after
the alleged false statements are excised, a Franks hearing is not required.
Franks, 438 U.S. at 171-72.
A-3162-19 10 We review a court's decision regarding the need for an evidentiary hearing
for an abuse of discretion. State v. Broom-Smith, 406 N.J. Super. 228, 239
(App. Div. 2009). An abuse of discretion occurs when a court's "decision [is]
made without a rational explanation, inexplicably departed from established
policies, or rested on an impermissible basis." United States v. Scurry, 193 N.J.
492, 504 (2008) (quoting Flagg v. Essex Cnty. Prosecutor, 171 N.J. 561, 571
(2002)).
Defendant makes a focused and precise argument on appeal. He claims
the court erred by denying his request for a Franks hearing. He contends
Kingsland's affidavit did not establish probable cause he resided at the Pearl
Street address and that the information obtained from PSE&G demonstrated
defendant was not a resident at the address. Defendant argues the PSE&G
information should have been provided in support of the search warrant, and its
omission was material to the "issuance of the search warrant."
The motion court did not abuse its discretion by denying defendant's
motion for a Franks hearing. In the first instance, defendant failed to make any
showing the information in Kingsland's affidavit supporting probable cause
defendant resided at the Pearl Street address was deliberately false or was
provided in reckless disregard of the truth. See Howery, 80 N.J. at 567
A-3162-19 11 ("[D]efendant must make a 'substantial preliminary showing' of falsity in the
warrant." (quoting Franks, 438 U.S. at 170)).
Probable cause defendant resided at the address was founded on
Kingsland's statements that: the confidential informant said defendant resided
at the address; during the intercepted calls defendant referred to the address as
home and others referred to it as defendant's house; during intercepted calls
defendant demonstrated an intimate knowledge of where a firearm was located
within the residence by directing others to retrieve it; and surveillance
established defendant's access to the residence and use of it during drug
transactions. Defendant does not address those factual assertions, claim they
are false, or contend they do not establish probable cause defendant resided at
the address. See id. at 567-568. Thus, the motion court did not abuse its
discretion by concluding "there was sufficient information in the affidavit that
the defendant used, occupies, utilized, lived or resided at that address."
Defendant suggests Kingsland's affidavit was false because it did not
disclose other information known to law enforcement that defendant contends
undermined the assertion he resided at the Pearl Street address . Defendant
contends Kingsland's affidavit did not inform the court defendant's automobile
was registered at a Pennsylvania address, defendant's complaint-warrant
A-3162-19 12 identifies his address at a location different than the Pearl Street address , and
the PSE&G information did not identify defendant as a resident at the Pearl
Street address.
"There is no requirement that a warrant affidavit fully describe all steps
taken [and] all information obtained . . . during the course of an investigation,"
State v. Smith, 212 N.J. 365, 398-99 (2012), but a "[m]aterial
omission . . . may . . . invalidate [a] warrant," State v. Marshall, 148 N.J. 89,
193 (1997). To obtain an evidentiary hearing challenging a search warrant based
on a material omission, a defendant must establish "essentially the same factual
predicate" as under the Franks standard. State v. Sheehan, 217 N.J. Super. 20,
25 (App. Div. 1987). A defendant must make "a substantial preliminary
showing that the affiant, either deliberately or with reckless disregard for the
truth, failed to apprise the issuing judge of material information" and must show
the inclusion of the omitted information "would have militated against issuance
of the search warrant." Ibid. Defendant made no such showing here.
As noted, the facts set forth in Kingsland's affidavit provided probable
cause to believe defendant resided at the Pearl Street address. The alleged
omitted information, even if accepted as true, does not establish that the facts in
Kingsland's affidavit are false. That defendant may have had a car registered to
A-3162-19 13 a Pennsylvania address or defendant had more than one purported residential
address, does not render false the facts in Kingsland's affidavit providing
probable cause defendant used the Pearl Street address as his residence. Indeed,
during one of the intercepted calls cited in Kingsland's affidavit, defendant said
he was in Pennsylvania, but "Gaby . . . is there in the house," and defendant was
"going over there now." Defendant's ties to Pennsylvania did not preclude him
from having a presence, and a residence, in New Jersey. Similarly, the fact that
defendant was not identified as a resident at the Pearl Street address on
information obtained from PSE&G information does not establish defendant did
not reside at the address. The information also does not render the facts in
Kingsland's affidavit false; there are many residents whose names are not
associated with the utility bills for homes in which they reside.
Defendant was not entitled to a Franks hearing because he failed to make
any showing Kingsland's affidavit contained false information or deliberately or
with reckless disregard for the truth omitted material facts to the search warrant
judge. See Sheehan, 217 N.J. Super. at 25. The court therefore did not abuse
its discretion by denying defendant's request for a Franks hearing.
We also observe that even assuming defendant made the requisite showing
Kingsland deliberately or with reckless disregard for the truth asserted false
A-3162-19 14 facts or omitted material facts related to defendant's residence at the Pearl Street
address, defendant is not entitled to a Franks hearing because the affidavit
established probable cause to search the address without regard to whether it
was defendant's residence. Even if the factual assertion defendant resided at the
address is excised from Kingsland's affidavit, the affidavit "contains facts
sufficient to establish probable cause," Desir, 245 N.J. at 197 (quoting Howery,
80 N.J. at 568), to search the residence on the upper floor of the Pearl Street
address.
"Probable cause for a warrant requires proof 'to believe that a crime has
been or is being committed at a specific location or that evidence of a crime is
at the place to be searched.'" State v. Lunsford, 226 N.J. 129, 149 (2016). In
making that determination, the issuing judge must "consider the totality-of-the-
circumstances to determine whether the State has established probable cause."
State v. Gathers, 234 N.J. 208, 223 (2018).
In his affidavit, Kingsland provided considerable information, none of
which defendant claims is false, establishing defendant, Gaby, and Gingo
utilized the upper floor of the Pearl Street address to distribute CDS and store
and distribute weapons. During an intercepted call, defendant directed Gingo to
"go up" to retrieve a firearm and defendant said the firearm is "up there,"
A-3162-19 15 referring to what the detectives understood was only a two-story residence at the
Pearl Street address. Defendant's statements supported a reasonable inference
that he referred to the second-floor residence at the Pearl Street address since,
at the time Kingsland submitted his affidavit, he understood the address included
only two apartments, one of which was on the second floor. 4
Kingsland's affidavit included ample evidence supporting "a practical,
common[-]sense determination [that] . . . there [was] a fair probability that
contraband or evidence of a crime [would] be found in [the] particular place"
for which the search warrant was issued. Marshall, 199 N.J. at 610 (quoting
State v. O'Neal, 190 N.J. 601, 612 (2007)). Thus, the affidavit established
probable cause to search the Pearl Street address whether it was defendant's
residence or not. As a result, even if the factual assertions or alleged omissions
pertinent to whether the address served as defendant's residence were
4 When the DCJ detectives later discovered defendant did not reside in the second-floor residence, and that the Pearl Street address included a third-floor attic apartment, the same reasonable inference that supported probable cause to search the second-floor residence, as supplemented by the knowledge defendant did not reside on the second floor, supported probable cause to search the attic apartment. That is the case without regard to whether the occupant of the second-floor apartment said defendant resided in the third-floor apartment or simply provided a description of the resident of the third-floor apartment that matched defendant because there is no evidence there was any other separate residence on the upper floors of the Pearl Street address. A-3162-19 16 deliberately false or made in reckless disregard for the truth, no Franks hearing
was required because the affidavit otherwise established probable cause for the
search. Desir, 245 N.J. at 197.
We therefore affirm the court's order denying defendant's motion for a
Franks hearing. We reject defendant's singular argument on appeal, that the
court abused its discretion by denying his request for a hearing because
Kingsland's affidavit contained false assertion of fact, and material omissions,
concerning defendant's alleged residence at the Pearl Street address. To the
extent any other arguments might be gleaned from defendant's brief on appeal,
they are without sufficient merit to warrant discussion in a written opinion. R.
2:11-3(e)(2).
Affirmed.
A-3162-19 17