NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court." Although it is posted on the internet, this opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-3.
SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY APPELLATE DIVISION DOCKET NO. A-4989-17T1
STATE OF NEW JERSEY,
Plaintiff-Respondent,
v.
KASSAN MCNEIL ,
Defendant,
and
BROADWAY INSURANCE AND SURETY CO.,
Defendant-Appellant. ___________________________
Submitted April 9, 2019 – Decided June 18, 2019
Before Judges Yannotti and Rothstadt.
On appeal from Superior Court of New Jersey, Law Division, Passaic County, Indictment No. 16-12-1133.
Richard P. Blender, attorney for appellant. J. Kevin McDuffie, Assistant County Counsel, attorney for respondent (William J. Pascrell, III, Passaic County Counsel, attorney; J. Kevin McDuffie, on the brief).
PER CURIAM
Broadway Insurance and Surety Company (Broadway) appeals from an
order entered by the Law Division on June 19, 2018, which granted in part and
denied in part its motion to vacate the forfeiture of bail, and ordered Broadway
to pay the State of New Jersey and the County of Passaic $15,000. We affirm.
I.
The facts relevant to our decision are undisputed. Defendant was released
on bail of $60,000, for which Broadway posted a surety bond. On June 16, 2017,
defendant failed to appear in court, as required. The court ordered that bail was
forfeited and issued a warrant for defendant's arrest. On June 21, 2017, the court
provided notice to Broadway of the bail forfeiture.
Broadway thereupon commenced an investigation to locate defendant. It
learned that on August 29, 2017, defendant had appeared in the Passaic County
Probation Department (PCPD) on an unrelated matter for drug court screening.
It appears that the PCPD had been aware of the warrant, but it took no steps to
execute the warrant and defendant remained at large. On September 7, 2017,
the court entered a judgment, which provided for forfeiture of the bail.
A-4989-17T1 2 On September 12, 2017, Broadway filed a motion with the trial court
objecting to the bail forfeiture and the entry of the judgment. Broadway also
sought additional time in which to apprehend defendant. On October 31, 2017,
Broadway filed another motion to vacate the judgment and the bail forfeiture.
In support of its motion, Broadway submitted a certification by Heidi
Gabryszewska, who is an employee of Broadway's agent, Aaron Bail Bonds.
In her certification, Gabryszewska stated that after defendant had been
released on bail, her office kept in close contact with him to ensure he would be
present in court when required. She noted that defendant had been required to
report to her office to receive instructions on the conditions imposed on him
during the period of release.
According to Gabryszewka, defendant reported to her office as required
and thereafter contacted the office on a regular basis. Gabryszewka stated that
immediately after learning defendant had failed to appear in court on June 16,
2017, her office began an investigation to locate defendant.
The attempts to locate defendant continued. On January 8, 2018, the
investigators hired by Broadway apprehended defendant. Broadway paid its
investigators $6000. Broadway's investigators returned defendant and he was
A-4989-17T1 3 incarcerated in the county jail. The trial court sentenced defendant within thirty
days after he was apprehended.
On May 11, 2018, the judge heard oral argument on Broadway's motion
to remit the forfeiture. In the argument, Broadway's attorney noted that the
Administrative Office of the Courts (AOC) had issued Administrative Directive
#13-04, "Revision to Forms and Procedures Governing Bail and Bail
Forfeitures" (Nov. 17, 2004) ("Directive #13-04"), which set forth the
procedures governing bail and bail forfeitures. The AOC had promulgated
Directive #13-04 in November 2004, and supplemented the directive in October
2007 and November 2008.
On August 7, 2017, Glenn A. Grant, the Acting Director of the AOC,
issued Administrative Directive #22-17, "Bail and Bail Forfeitures – Revisions
to Procedures and Forms" (Aug. 7, 2017) ("Directive #22-17"), which
supersedes Directive #13-04. The Supreme Court adopted amendments to Rule
3:26-6, which were effective September 1, 2017. As amended, the rule permits
the court to remit forfeited bail, in whole or in part, pursuant to the Court rules
and the Revised Remission Guidelines. R. 3:26-6(b).
Broadway argued that the court should not apply Directive #22-17 in this
case, because it issued its bond for defendant's release before the effective date
A-4989-17T1 4 of the revised guidelines. Broadway contended that the revised guidelines
should be applied prospectively. The State argued that the revised guidelines
should be applied in this case.
The judge found that the revised guidelines applied and determined that
Broadway had forfeited $15,000 of the $60,000 bail it had posted. The judge
memorialized his decision in an order dated June 19, 2018. Broadway appeals.
II.
On appeal, Broadway argues that the trial court erred by applying
Directive #22-17 in this case. Broadway contends the revised remission
guidelines should only be applied to bonds issued before September 1, 2017,
which is the effective date of the amendments to Rule 3:26-6, which authorized
the trial court to remit bail forfeitures, in whole or in part, pursuant to the court
rules and the revised remission guidelines in Directive #22-17. R. 3:26-6(b).
Broadway contends the change in the remission guidelines are substantive, not
procedural. According to Broadway, the changes in the remission guidelines go
to "the very heart" of the surety agreement and are substantive in nature.
In ABC Bail Bonds, Inc. v. Glenn A. Grant, N.J. Super. (App. Div.
2019), the court held the AOC's Directive #22-17 is procedural, rather than
substantive, and therefore adoption of the revised remission guidelines is within
A-4989-17T1 5 the Supreme Court's rulemaking authority under Article VI, section 2, paragraph
3 of the New Jersey Constitution. Id. at (slip op. at 6-10). The court also held
that the revised guidelines apply retroactively and that such application is not
unconstitutional. Id. at (slip op. at 10-11).
Accordingly, we reject Broadway's contention that the trial court erred by
applying the revised remission guidelines substantially for the reasons set for in
ABC Bail Bonds. The revised guidelines are procedural, rather than substantive,
and apply retroactively to bonds issued before their effective date.
III.
Rule 3:26-6(b) authorizes the trial court to remit a bail forfeiture, in whole
or in part, in accordance with the court rules and Directive #22-17. "The
decision whether to remit and the amount of the remission 'lies within the
equitable discretion of the court to be exercised in the public interest.'" State v.
Ramirez, 378 N.J. Super. 355, 364 (App. Div. 2005) (quoting State v. de la
Hoya, 359 N.J. Super. 194, 198 (App. Div. 2003)). We review the trial court's
determination under an abuse of discretion standard. State v. Ventura, 196 N.J.
203, 206 (2008).
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NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court." Although it is posted on the internet, this opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-3.
SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY APPELLATE DIVISION DOCKET NO. A-4989-17T1
STATE OF NEW JERSEY,
Plaintiff-Respondent,
v.
KASSAN MCNEIL ,
Defendant,
and
BROADWAY INSURANCE AND SURETY CO.,
Defendant-Appellant. ___________________________
Submitted April 9, 2019 – Decided June 18, 2019
Before Judges Yannotti and Rothstadt.
On appeal from Superior Court of New Jersey, Law Division, Passaic County, Indictment No. 16-12-1133.
Richard P. Blender, attorney for appellant. J. Kevin McDuffie, Assistant County Counsel, attorney for respondent (William J. Pascrell, III, Passaic County Counsel, attorney; J. Kevin McDuffie, on the brief).
PER CURIAM
Broadway Insurance and Surety Company (Broadway) appeals from an
order entered by the Law Division on June 19, 2018, which granted in part and
denied in part its motion to vacate the forfeiture of bail, and ordered Broadway
to pay the State of New Jersey and the County of Passaic $15,000. We affirm.
I.
The facts relevant to our decision are undisputed. Defendant was released
on bail of $60,000, for which Broadway posted a surety bond. On June 16, 2017,
defendant failed to appear in court, as required. The court ordered that bail was
forfeited and issued a warrant for defendant's arrest. On June 21, 2017, the court
provided notice to Broadway of the bail forfeiture.
Broadway thereupon commenced an investigation to locate defendant. It
learned that on August 29, 2017, defendant had appeared in the Passaic County
Probation Department (PCPD) on an unrelated matter for drug court screening.
It appears that the PCPD had been aware of the warrant, but it took no steps to
execute the warrant and defendant remained at large. On September 7, 2017,
the court entered a judgment, which provided for forfeiture of the bail.
A-4989-17T1 2 On September 12, 2017, Broadway filed a motion with the trial court
objecting to the bail forfeiture and the entry of the judgment. Broadway also
sought additional time in which to apprehend defendant. On October 31, 2017,
Broadway filed another motion to vacate the judgment and the bail forfeiture.
In support of its motion, Broadway submitted a certification by Heidi
Gabryszewska, who is an employee of Broadway's agent, Aaron Bail Bonds.
In her certification, Gabryszewska stated that after defendant had been
released on bail, her office kept in close contact with him to ensure he would be
present in court when required. She noted that defendant had been required to
report to her office to receive instructions on the conditions imposed on him
during the period of release.
According to Gabryszewka, defendant reported to her office as required
and thereafter contacted the office on a regular basis. Gabryszewka stated that
immediately after learning defendant had failed to appear in court on June 16,
2017, her office began an investigation to locate defendant.
The attempts to locate defendant continued. On January 8, 2018, the
investigators hired by Broadway apprehended defendant. Broadway paid its
investigators $6000. Broadway's investigators returned defendant and he was
A-4989-17T1 3 incarcerated in the county jail. The trial court sentenced defendant within thirty
days after he was apprehended.
On May 11, 2018, the judge heard oral argument on Broadway's motion
to remit the forfeiture. In the argument, Broadway's attorney noted that the
Administrative Office of the Courts (AOC) had issued Administrative Directive
#13-04, "Revision to Forms and Procedures Governing Bail and Bail
Forfeitures" (Nov. 17, 2004) ("Directive #13-04"), which set forth the
procedures governing bail and bail forfeitures. The AOC had promulgated
Directive #13-04 in November 2004, and supplemented the directive in October
2007 and November 2008.
On August 7, 2017, Glenn A. Grant, the Acting Director of the AOC,
issued Administrative Directive #22-17, "Bail and Bail Forfeitures – Revisions
to Procedures and Forms" (Aug. 7, 2017) ("Directive #22-17"), which
supersedes Directive #13-04. The Supreme Court adopted amendments to Rule
3:26-6, which were effective September 1, 2017. As amended, the rule permits
the court to remit forfeited bail, in whole or in part, pursuant to the Court rules
and the Revised Remission Guidelines. R. 3:26-6(b).
Broadway argued that the court should not apply Directive #22-17 in this
case, because it issued its bond for defendant's release before the effective date
A-4989-17T1 4 of the revised guidelines. Broadway contended that the revised guidelines
should be applied prospectively. The State argued that the revised guidelines
should be applied in this case.
The judge found that the revised guidelines applied and determined that
Broadway had forfeited $15,000 of the $60,000 bail it had posted. The judge
memorialized his decision in an order dated June 19, 2018. Broadway appeals.
II.
On appeal, Broadway argues that the trial court erred by applying
Directive #22-17 in this case. Broadway contends the revised remission
guidelines should only be applied to bonds issued before September 1, 2017,
which is the effective date of the amendments to Rule 3:26-6, which authorized
the trial court to remit bail forfeitures, in whole or in part, pursuant to the court
rules and the revised remission guidelines in Directive #22-17. R. 3:26-6(b).
Broadway contends the change in the remission guidelines are substantive, not
procedural. According to Broadway, the changes in the remission guidelines go
to "the very heart" of the surety agreement and are substantive in nature.
In ABC Bail Bonds, Inc. v. Glenn A. Grant, N.J. Super. (App. Div.
2019), the court held the AOC's Directive #22-17 is procedural, rather than
substantive, and therefore adoption of the revised remission guidelines is within
A-4989-17T1 5 the Supreme Court's rulemaking authority under Article VI, section 2, paragraph
3 of the New Jersey Constitution. Id. at (slip op. at 6-10). The court also held
that the revised guidelines apply retroactively and that such application is not
unconstitutional. Id. at (slip op. at 10-11).
Accordingly, we reject Broadway's contention that the trial court erred by
applying the revised remission guidelines substantially for the reasons set for in
ABC Bail Bonds. The revised guidelines are procedural, rather than substantive,
and apply retroactively to bonds issued before their effective date.
III.
Rule 3:26-6(b) authorizes the trial court to remit a bail forfeiture, in whole
or in part, in accordance with the court rules and Directive #22-17. "The
decision whether to remit and the amount of the remission 'lies within the
equitable discretion of the court to be exercised in the public interest.'" State v.
Ramirez, 378 N.J. Super. 355, 364 (App. Div. 2005) (quoting State v. de la
Hoya, 359 N.J. Super. 194, 198 (App. Div. 2003)). We review the trial court's
determination under an abuse of discretion standard. State v. Ventura, 196 N.J.
203, 206 (2008).
Directive #22-17 sets forth the factors the court should consider when
determining whether to set aside an order forfeiting bail. Those factors are: (1)
A-4989-17T1 6 the length of time the defendant is a fugitive; (2) the prejudice to the State and
the expense incurred by the State due to the defendant's non-appearance,
recapture, and enforcement of the forfeiture; (3) the detriment to the State and
the public interest where a defendant deliberately fails to make an appearance
in the criminal case; (4) whether a non-appearing defendant was imprisoned out-
of-state; (5) the State's knowledge of a defendant's imprisonment; and (6)
whether the defendant was deported while on bail.
Directive #22-17 states that if a defendant remains a fugitive when the
surety makes its motion for remission, it would be "entirely appropriate" for the
court to deny the motion except if the defendant has been found in custody in
another jurisdiction and not returned to New Jersey. Directive #22-17 also sets
forth remission schedules the court may apply if the defendant is not a fugitive
at the time the surety makes the remission motion.
In addition, Directive #22-17 sets forth percentages of the amount to be
remitted, based on the time a defendant has been at large. The directive states
that the total amount of the bail will be forfeited if the defendant has been at
large 366 days or more, "unless exceptional circumstances are demonstrated by
the surety."
A-4989-17T1 7 Directive #22-17 states, however, that the revised guidelines for remission
are intended to provide the trial court "with a starting point when determining
whether to grant a remission for applications made either before or after
judgment is enforced, and, if granted, the amount to remit." The directive states
that in making its decision, the court should consider the particular facts and
circumstances of each case, along with any relevant case law.
Here, the trial court considered the factors enumerated in the revised
remission guidelines. The court found that although defendant failed to appear
June 16, 2017, and was not surrendered until January 8, 2018, he should have
been recaptured on August 29, 2017, when he appeared in the PCPD for a drug
screen. The court therefore found that defendant should have been at large no
longer than sixty-nine days.
The court further found that Broadway undertook substantial efforts to
apprehend defendant, and the damage or inconvenience to the State was
minimal. The court noted that Broadway spent $6000 to recapture defendant,
but the revised guidelines do not provide for remission of that amount of the
bail.
The court stated that under the revised guidelines, the amount to be
remitted was in the range of sixty to seventy-nine percent, with the amount of
A-4989-17T1 8 forfeiture between twenty-one and forty percent. The court determined that
based on the strong efforts Broadway made to recapture defendant, and the
minimal inconvenience to the State resulting from defendant's failure to appear,
the forfeiture should be on the lower end of the twenty-one to forty percent. The
court therefore found that twenty-five percent of the $60,000 bail should be
forfeited.
We are convinced that the trial court's decision is consistent with the
revised remission guidelines, and its factual findings are supported by sufficient
credible evidence in the record. We conclude that the court's decision to order
a $15,000 remission of the bail is not a mistaken exercise of discretion.
Affirmed.
A-4989-17T1 9