NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court ." Although it is posted on the internet, this opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-3.
SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY APPELLATE DIVISION DOCKET NO. A-4609-16T2
STATE OF NEW JERSEY,
Plaintiff-Respondent,
v.
CHARLES GUEST,
Defendant-Appellant. ________________________________
Submitted October 22, 2018 – Decided December 20, 2018
Before Judges Sabatino and Sumners.
On appeal from Superior Court of New Jersey, Law Division, Camden County, Indictment No. 13-01-0201.
Joseph E. Krakora, Public Defender, attorney for appellant (John V. Molitor, Designated Counsel, on the brief).
Mary Eva Colalillo, Camden County Prosecutor, attorney for respondent (Patrick D. Isbill, Assistant Prosecutor, of counsel and on the brief).
PER CURIAM In his post-conviction relief (PCR) petition, defendant charged that
following his guilty plea to first-degree manslaughter, N.J.S.A. 2C:11-4(a)(1),
his trial counsel provided ineffective assistance at his sentencing by failing to
present several character witnesses and argue certain mitigating factors in an
effort to reduce his plea agreement's recommended sentence of eighteen years
subject to the No Early Release Act (NERA), N.J.S.A. 2C:43-7.2. He now
appeals the PCR judge's order denying his petition without an evidentiary
hearing, arguing:
POINT I
THE LAW DIVISION SHOULD NOT HAVE HELD DEFENDANT'S PETITION FOR[] POST- CONVICTION RELIEF WAS PROCEDURALLY BARRED PURSUANT TO COURT RULE 3:22-2.
POINT II
THIS COURT SHOULD REVERSE THE TRIAL COURT'S DECISION TO DENY DEFENDANT'S PETITION FOR POST-CONVICTION RELIEF AND REMAND THE MATTER FOR AN EVIDENTIARY HEARING.
We agree with defendant that his petition should not have been
procedurally barred. We affirm, however, because we agree with the judge's
determination that the alleged mitigating factors were not supported by the
A-4609-16T2 2 record, and even if the witnesses testified in accordance with their certifications
submitted in support of PCR, the judge would have still imposed the eighteen-
year sentence.
In the early morning hours of September 4, 2011, defendant went to the
apartment of Ashley Williams. Admittedly intoxicated at the time, defendant
claimed they engaged in consensual sex. At some point, apparently to heighten
her sexual experience, she requested he choke her, and he complied. According
to defendant, they had previously engaged in rough sex. Possibly due to his
inebriation, he maintained that he went to sleep not aware that anything was
wrong with Williams. When he woke up, he found her dead. But contending
he was in shock, he did not call the police or anyone else to report her death.
Instead, he went to a job interview at a fast food restaurant. After he returned
to the apartment, he called the police to report Williams' death. An autopsy
revealed that she died from blunt neck trauma.
Defendant was arrested over a month later, and he was subsequently
indicted for first-degree murder, N.J.S.A. 2C:11-4(a)(1), (2). Plea negotiations
resulted in him pleading guilty to the downgraded offense of first-degree
manslaughter in exchange for the State's recommendation that he serve an
A-4609-16T2 3 eighteen-year NERA prison term. The trial judge sentenced defendant in
accordance with the plea agreement.
Defendant filed a direct appeal, only challenging his sentence. An
excessive sentence panel of this court affirmed his sentence. See State v.
Charles R. Guest, No. A-2622-15 (App. Div. June 6, 2016).
Almost three months later, defendant filed a PCR petition. He contended
his trial counsel was ineffective for failing to argue mitigating factors two, five,
nine, and twelve at his sentencing. N.J.S.A. 2C:44-1(b)(2) (defendant did not
contemplate his conduct would cause or threaten serious harm); -1(b)(5) (the
victim induced or facilitated defendant's conduct); -1(b)(9) (defendant is
unlikely to reoffend); and -1(b)(12) (defendant cooperated with law
enforcement). In addition, he asserted trial counsel failed to consult with him
to discuss the presentation of mitigating evidence at his sentencing, such as the
four character witnesses who provided certifications evidencing his kind nature
and volunteering efforts in his church and community. Defendant also
submitted a copy of the transcript of a statement by the medical examiner, whose
autopsy of Williams concluded she died from blunt neck trauma, but indicated
A-4609-16T2 4 he could not foreclose the possibility that "rough sex with somebody squeezing
[her] neck," could have caused her death. 1
The PCR judge, who had previously accepted defendant's plea and
sentenced him, denied defendant relief without an evidentiary hearing. In his
oral decision, the judge determined the PCR petition was procedurally barred
because defendant should have raised his PCR arguments when he filed his
direct appeal alleging his sentence was excessive. State v. Pierce, 115 N.J.
Super. 346, 347 (App. Div. 1971); State v. Vance, 112 N.J. Super. 479, 481
(App. Div. 1970).
Nonetheless, the judge, applying the well-known standard set forth in
Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687 (1984) and State v. Fritz, 105 N.J.
42, 58 (1987), addressed each of defendant's mitigation arguments and found
there was no merit to the claim that counsel was ineffective. Regarding
mitigating factor two, the judge disagreed with defendant's contention that his
action did not contemplate harm to Williams because choking her during rough
sex could obviously cause serious harm. As for mitigating factor five, while
Williams may have consented to rough sex, the judge found she did not induce
1 The statement was given based upon questioning from defendant's trial counsel prior to defendant's guilty plea. A-4609-16T2 5 or facilitate defendant's conduct because she did not consent to being strangled
to the point of unconsciousness or death. The judge maintained defendant
violated Williams' trust by being so reckless as to manifest extreme indifference
to human life. With respect to mitigating factor nine, the judge determined that
defendant's criminal record and contact with the criminal justice system
contradicts his contention that he is unlikely to reoffend in the future. And, the
judge decided that mitigating factor twelve does not apply where defendant
merely reported Williams' death, but did not help the police solve other crimes.
State v. Dalziel, 182 N.J. Super. 494, 505-06 (2005); State v. Read, 397 N.J.
Super. 598, 613 (App. Div. 2008). The judge further recognized that defendant's
identification as being the last person seen with Williams was not a mystery,
and when he initially spoke to the police, he tried to exculpate himself from
liability.
In addition, the judge determined that even if the character witnesses
testified at sentencing, it would not have lessened defendant's sentence. The
judge pointed to the favorable sentence that counsel negotiated with the State
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NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court ." Although it is posted on the internet, this opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-3.
SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY APPELLATE DIVISION DOCKET NO. A-4609-16T2
STATE OF NEW JERSEY,
Plaintiff-Respondent,
v.
CHARLES GUEST,
Defendant-Appellant. ________________________________
Submitted October 22, 2018 – Decided December 20, 2018
Before Judges Sabatino and Sumners.
On appeal from Superior Court of New Jersey, Law Division, Camden County, Indictment No. 13-01-0201.
Joseph E. Krakora, Public Defender, attorney for appellant (John V. Molitor, Designated Counsel, on the brief).
Mary Eva Colalillo, Camden County Prosecutor, attorney for respondent (Patrick D. Isbill, Assistant Prosecutor, of counsel and on the brief).
PER CURIAM In his post-conviction relief (PCR) petition, defendant charged that
following his guilty plea to first-degree manslaughter, N.J.S.A. 2C:11-4(a)(1),
his trial counsel provided ineffective assistance at his sentencing by failing to
present several character witnesses and argue certain mitigating factors in an
effort to reduce his plea agreement's recommended sentence of eighteen years
subject to the No Early Release Act (NERA), N.J.S.A. 2C:43-7.2. He now
appeals the PCR judge's order denying his petition without an evidentiary
hearing, arguing:
POINT I
THE LAW DIVISION SHOULD NOT HAVE HELD DEFENDANT'S PETITION FOR[] POST- CONVICTION RELIEF WAS PROCEDURALLY BARRED PURSUANT TO COURT RULE 3:22-2.
POINT II
THIS COURT SHOULD REVERSE THE TRIAL COURT'S DECISION TO DENY DEFENDANT'S PETITION FOR POST-CONVICTION RELIEF AND REMAND THE MATTER FOR AN EVIDENTIARY HEARING.
We agree with defendant that his petition should not have been
procedurally barred. We affirm, however, because we agree with the judge's
determination that the alleged mitigating factors were not supported by the
A-4609-16T2 2 record, and even if the witnesses testified in accordance with their certifications
submitted in support of PCR, the judge would have still imposed the eighteen-
year sentence.
In the early morning hours of September 4, 2011, defendant went to the
apartment of Ashley Williams. Admittedly intoxicated at the time, defendant
claimed they engaged in consensual sex. At some point, apparently to heighten
her sexual experience, she requested he choke her, and he complied. According
to defendant, they had previously engaged in rough sex. Possibly due to his
inebriation, he maintained that he went to sleep not aware that anything was
wrong with Williams. When he woke up, he found her dead. But contending
he was in shock, he did not call the police or anyone else to report her death.
Instead, he went to a job interview at a fast food restaurant. After he returned
to the apartment, he called the police to report Williams' death. An autopsy
revealed that she died from blunt neck trauma.
Defendant was arrested over a month later, and he was subsequently
indicted for first-degree murder, N.J.S.A. 2C:11-4(a)(1), (2). Plea negotiations
resulted in him pleading guilty to the downgraded offense of first-degree
manslaughter in exchange for the State's recommendation that he serve an
A-4609-16T2 3 eighteen-year NERA prison term. The trial judge sentenced defendant in
accordance with the plea agreement.
Defendant filed a direct appeal, only challenging his sentence. An
excessive sentence panel of this court affirmed his sentence. See State v.
Charles R. Guest, No. A-2622-15 (App. Div. June 6, 2016).
Almost three months later, defendant filed a PCR petition. He contended
his trial counsel was ineffective for failing to argue mitigating factors two, five,
nine, and twelve at his sentencing. N.J.S.A. 2C:44-1(b)(2) (defendant did not
contemplate his conduct would cause or threaten serious harm); -1(b)(5) (the
victim induced or facilitated defendant's conduct); -1(b)(9) (defendant is
unlikely to reoffend); and -1(b)(12) (defendant cooperated with law
enforcement). In addition, he asserted trial counsel failed to consult with him
to discuss the presentation of mitigating evidence at his sentencing, such as the
four character witnesses who provided certifications evidencing his kind nature
and volunteering efforts in his church and community. Defendant also
submitted a copy of the transcript of a statement by the medical examiner, whose
autopsy of Williams concluded she died from blunt neck trauma, but indicated
A-4609-16T2 4 he could not foreclose the possibility that "rough sex with somebody squeezing
[her] neck," could have caused her death. 1
The PCR judge, who had previously accepted defendant's plea and
sentenced him, denied defendant relief without an evidentiary hearing. In his
oral decision, the judge determined the PCR petition was procedurally barred
because defendant should have raised his PCR arguments when he filed his
direct appeal alleging his sentence was excessive. State v. Pierce, 115 N.J.
Super. 346, 347 (App. Div. 1971); State v. Vance, 112 N.J. Super. 479, 481
(App. Div. 1970).
Nonetheless, the judge, applying the well-known standard set forth in
Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687 (1984) and State v. Fritz, 105 N.J.
42, 58 (1987), addressed each of defendant's mitigation arguments and found
there was no merit to the claim that counsel was ineffective. Regarding
mitigating factor two, the judge disagreed with defendant's contention that his
action did not contemplate harm to Williams because choking her during rough
sex could obviously cause serious harm. As for mitigating factor five, while
Williams may have consented to rough sex, the judge found she did not induce
1 The statement was given based upon questioning from defendant's trial counsel prior to defendant's guilty plea. A-4609-16T2 5 or facilitate defendant's conduct because she did not consent to being strangled
to the point of unconsciousness or death. The judge maintained defendant
violated Williams' trust by being so reckless as to manifest extreme indifference
to human life. With respect to mitigating factor nine, the judge determined that
defendant's criminal record and contact with the criminal justice system
contradicts his contention that he is unlikely to reoffend in the future. And, the
judge decided that mitigating factor twelve does not apply where defendant
merely reported Williams' death, but did not help the police solve other crimes.
State v. Dalziel, 182 N.J. Super. 494, 505-06 (2005); State v. Read, 397 N.J.
Super. 598, 613 (App. Div. 2008). The judge further recognized that defendant's
identification as being the last person seen with Williams was not a mystery,
and when he initially spoke to the police, he tried to exculpate himself from
liability.
In addition, the judge determined that even if the character witnesses
testified at sentencing, it would not have lessened defendant's sentence. The
judge pointed to the favorable sentence that counsel negotiated with the State
despite the evidence against defendant, and that Williams' family appeared at
sentencing contending the sentence was too light.
A-4609-16T2 6 Since the judge found there was no prima facie evidence of ineffective
assistance of counsel, defendant was not entitled to an evidentiary hearing. State
v. Preciose, 129 N.J. 451, 462 (1992); State v. Cummings, 321 N.J. Super. 154,
170 (App. Div. 1999).
Based upon our review of the record, we take issue with the judge's
determination that defendant's PCR petition contending ineffective assistance
by counsel for not arguing mitigation at sentencing was procedurally barred by
Rule 3:22-4(a) because he could have raised the assertion on direct appeal.
Other than for enumerated exceptions, which do not apply here, Rule 3:22-4(a)2
2 Rule 3:22-4(a) provides:
First Petition for Post-Conviction Relief. Any ground for relief not raised in the proceedings resulting in the conviction, or in a post-conviction proceeding brought and decided prior to the adoption of this rule, or in any appeal taken in any such proceedings is barred from assertion in a proceeding under this rule unless the court on motion or at the hearing finds:
(1) that the ground for relief not previously asserted could not reasonably have been raised in any prior proceeding; or
(2) that enforcement of the bar to preclude claims, including one for ineffective assistance of counsel, would result in fundamental injustice; or
A-4609-16T2 7 bars a defendant from employing a PCR petition to assert a claim that could have
been raised at trial or on direct appeal. See State v. Nash, 212 N.J. 518, 546
(2013). However, because defendant only asserted that his trial counsel was
ineffective in filing to provide evidence and argument in support of a sentence
lighter than recommended in his plea agreement, the bar does not apply.
Although we rejected his excessive sentence appeal, we did not address, nor
could we in that proceeding, his PCR claims alleging that trial counsel was
ineffective for not seeking a lighter sentence because such claims were outside
the trial record. See Preciose, 129 N.J. at 460 (1992).
(3) that denial of relief would be contrary to a new rule of constitutional law under either the Constitution of the United States or the State of New Jersey.
A ground could not reasonably have been raised in a prior proceeding only if defendant shows that the factual predicate for that ground could not have been discovered earlier through the exercise of reasonable diligence.
A denial of relief would be contrary to a new rule of constitutional law only if the defendant shows that the claim relies on a new rule of constitutional law, made retroactive to defendant's petition by the United States Supreme Court or the Supreme Court of New Jersey, that was unavailable during the pendency of any prior proceedings. A-4609-16T2 8 Nevertheless, we agree with the judge's decision rejecting the merits of
defendant's PCR contentions, and we affirm substantially for the sound reasons
set forth in his oral decision.
Affirmed.
A-4609-16T2 9