State of New Jersey v. N.S.T.

CourtNew Jersey Superior Court Appellate Division
DecidedOctober 29, 2025
DocketA-2927-23
StatusUnpublished

This text of State of New Jersey v. N.S.T. (State of New Jersey v. N.S.T.) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering New Jersey Superior Court Appellate Division primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
State of New Jersey v. N.S.T., (N.J. Ct. App. 2025).

Opinion

RECORD IMPOUNDED

NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court ." Although it is posted on the internet, this opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited . R. 1:36-3.

SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY APPELLATE DIVISION DOCKET NO. A-2927-23

STATE OF NEW JERSEY,

Plaintiff-Respondent,

v.

N.S.T.,1

Defendant-Appellant. _______________________

Submitted September 24, 2025 – Decided October 29, 2025

Before Judges Currier, Smith, and Berdote Byrne.

On appeal from the Superior Court of New Jersey, Chancery Division, Family Part, Middlesex County, Docket No. FO-12-0101-23.

Roberts & Teeter, LLC, attorneys for appellant (Michael B. Roberts, on the briefs).

Yolanda Ciccone, Middlesex County Prosecutor, attorney for respondent (Hudson E. Knight, Assistant Prosecutor, of counsel and on the brief).

1 We use initials and fictitious names to protect the confidentiality of the record and the privacy interests of the parties. See R. 1:38-3(d)(10). PER CURIAM

Defendant N.S.T. appeals from the judgment of conviction entered against

him after a bench trial, in which the court found him guilty of contempt for

violation of a domestic violence temporary restraining order (TRO), N.J.S.A.

2C:29-9(b)(2). During trial, after the alleged victim testified and was cross-

examined, defense counsel moved to withdraw from representation. The trial

court granted the motion and a continuance to allow defendant to retain

substitute counsel. When the hearing resumed, substitute counsel moved to

cross-examine the alleged victim a second time, which the trial court denied.

On appeal, defendant claims the trial court: (1) abused its discretion when

it granted the motion to withdraw; (2) erred when it failed to declare a mistrial

after permitting withdrawal because substitute counsel was not present for the

alleged victim's direct or cross-examinations, thereby violating his Sixth

Amendment right to confrontation; (3) erred when it applied aggravating factors

three, nine, and fifteen and ordered mental health and substance abuse

evaluations, and attendance at a batterer's intervention program without support

in the record for the sentence.

A-2927-23 2 We conclude the trial court did not abuse its discretion during trial and

defendant's constitutional rights were not violated. Therefore, we affirm the

conviction, but we remand for resentencing, consistent with this opinion.

I.

The record demonstrates defendant and "Alice" were in a dating

relationship from October 2021 until approximately June 2022. On June 21,

2022, Alice obtained a TRO against defendant, alleging he committed criminal

mischief and harassment when he followed her with his car as she drove home

from the train station. To evade defendant, Alice alleged she drove faster and

made multiple turns before driving to a gas station. Defendant followed her, hit

her car, and blocked her exit from the gas station. The TRO also related "a prior

history of domestic violence strangulation assault."

The TRO prohibited defendant from returning to the scene of the alleged

domestic violence; committing future acts of domestic violence; visiting Alice's

residence and place of employment; communicating with Alice through oral,

written, personal, electronic, or other forms of contact; making or asking another

person to make harassing communications to Alice; stalking, following, or

threatening to harm, stalk, or follow Alice; and owning and possessing any

firearms or weapons.

A-2927-23 3 Five days later, Alice was at a gym when defendant approached her.

Although she attempted to avoid him, defendant followed her and told her "he

wanted [her] to drop the restraining order, to drop . . . [the] harassment charges

that were filed in Edison," and she "needed to do that for . . . the sake of his

family." Alice left the gym, but defendant drove up to Alice's car and asked her

to roll down her window. Alice stayed in the car and called 9-1-1. When he

realized Alice was calling the police, defendant left. Defendant was charged

with disorderly persons contempt, N.J.S.A. 2C:29-9(b)(2), for violating the

TRO.2

On the first day of the contempt hearing, the State called Alice as a

witness. Defense counsel cross-examined Alice and declined to re-examine her

after the State's redirect examination. After Alice's testimony had concluded,

the State informed the court it had one more witness, the officer from the Edison

Police Department who had served defendant with the TRO. However, the State

requested a continuance because the officer was unavailable to appear that day.

Defendant objected to the continuance and informed the trial court the defense

was "ready to sum up right now." The trial court granted the continuance.

2 Although Alice testified at the hearing an FRO had been subsequently entered, neither party moved the FRO into evidence, the trial court did not consider it, and that FRO is not in the record before us. A-2927-23 4 One month later, defendant's counsel filed a motion to withdraw from

representation. Defendant's attorney explained there had been a breakdown of

the attorney-client relationship and defendant had accused him of colluding with

plaintiff's attorney to have him found guilty. The trial court allowed counsel to

withdraw and adjourned the trial to provide defendant the opportunity to retain

new counsel.

Defendant retained substitute counsel who represented him at the

continued hearing. The State called the police officer who served defendant

with the TRO, and he testified on direct and cross-examination. Defendant's

substitute counsel then moved to cross-examine Alice a second time. After

hearing argument on the motion, the trial court denied additional cross-

examination of Alice. The court reasoned that substitute counsel had failed to

subpoena Alice or request the State produce Alice, who was the State's witness

and whose cross-examination had already concluded. Moreover, the court

explained the trial had been continued for the retention of new counsel, not for

a new trial.

Defendant filed a supplemental motion to re-examine Alice. At the

second oral argument in April, for the first time, defendant, through his new

counsel, informed the court he was seeking to cross-examine the victim on the

A-2927-23 5 limited issue of whether there was an application on her cell phone that would

have alerted her to defendant's location. However, this topic had not been the

subject of prior testimony, and no evidence had been provided to the State in

discovery. The trial court declined to require the State to produce Alice for new

examination.

The trial court subsequently found defendant guilty of violating N.J.S.A.

2C:29-9(b)(2), disorderly persons contempt of a TRO. At sentencing, the court

considered aggravating factors three, risk of another offense, N.J.S.A. 2C:44-

1(a)(3); nine, need for deterrence, N.J.S.A. 2C:44-1(a)(9); and fifteen, a

domestic violence act and at least one domestic violence act on more than one

occasion, N.J.S.A. 2C:44-1(a)(15). It considered mitigating factors seven, no

history of prior delinquency, N.J.S.A. 2C:44-1(b)(7), and ten, likelihood to

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