Missouri Court of Appeals Western District
STATE OF MISSOURI, ) ) WD86080 Respondent, ) v. ) OPINION FILED: ) JOHNNY SHERMAN PARDEE, JR., ) October 29, 2024 ) Appellant. ) )
Appeal from the Circuit Court of Pettis County, Missouri The Honorable Robert Koffman, Judge
Before Division Three: Thomas N. Chapman, Presiding Judge, Lisa White Hardwick, Judge, and Alok Ahuja, Judge
Johnny Pardee appeals his convictions for statutory sodomy in the first degree and
two counts of child molestation in the second degree. In two points on appeal, he
contends that (1) the trial court erred in not allowing him to publish a forensic interview
of the victim before cross-examination of the interviewer and the victim so that he could
question them about the contents of the interview and (2) the evidence was insufficient to
support his conviction for second-degree child molestation for touching the victim’s
breast. The case is remanded to the trial court for entry of a corrected written judgment
that conforms to the trial court’s oral pronouncement of sentence for first-degree statutory sodomy. In all other respects, the judgment is affirmed.
Factual and Procedural Background 1
In May 2021, the ten-year-old victim (“Victim”) was living with her mother
(“Mother”) and her brother. Her father (“Father”), who was divorced from Mother, lived
in a separate residence. Mother began dating Pardee in early 2021. Pardee would
sometimes spend the night at Mother’s house.
On the night of May 17, 2021, Pardee and Mother were in Mother’s bedroom,
drinking alcohol and watching TV. Pardee asked Mother if the kids were sleeping, and
Mother said yes. Pardee asked her if she was sure, and she again said yes. At Pardee’s
request, they went to each child’s room to make sure they were sleeping. Pardee had
never done this before.
At around 11:00 p.m., Mother left the home to get cigarettes and alcohol from a
nearby gas station. Victim woke up and saw Pardee standing in her doorway. 2 Pardee
approached her bed, and Victim told him to please leave her alone because she was tired
and needed to sleep. Pardee said that he would leave, but he leaned on Victim’s bed and
was “kinda in [her] face.” Victim continued to ask him to leave. Pardee whispered,
1 In criminal cases, the appellate court views the evidence in the light most favorable to the jury verdict, disregarding all contrary evidence and inferences. State v. Campbell, 600 S.W.3d 780, 784 n.1 (Mo. App. W.D. 2020). 2 Victim reported Pardee’s actions during a forensic interview that was conducted on May 20, 2021. The videotaped interview was introduced into evidence at trial and played for the jury at the end of the State’s evidence. Victim also testified at trial. She was eleven years old at the time of trial.
2 “Goodnight,” and then started touching her “inappropriately.”
Pardee pulled the blanket off Victim and first rubbed the outside and then inside of
her thigh over her clothing with his hand. He then touched and rubbed her vagina over
her clothing with his hand. He also touched and squeezed her right breast over her
clothing with his hand. He touched her vagina again over her clothing. Pardee then
“tried to go up [her] shirt” with his hand but did not get above her stomach because
Victim pulled away from him and put the blanket back over herself. Pardee told Victim
that they needed to “keep it between [them]” and that she couldn’t tell anybody. Pardee
unzipped his pants, grabbed Victim’s hand, and made her touch his penis. He instructed
her to grab it, squeeze it, and “stroke it.” Victim was scared and shaking and very
uncomfortable during the touching.
Pardee went back to Victim’s doorway when he saw Mother’s car returning home.
Pardee again told Victim that she “better not tell anybody” and that he was “not playing
around.” Although she knew it was wrong, she said that she would not tell because she
“didn’t want him to do anything to [her].” Pardee told Victim that he was going to come
back and asked her, “Can I touch you later?” Victim said no.
When Mother entered her bedroom, she found Pardee sitting on the edge of her
bed. He said, “[W]hat took you so long. You were an hour and 45 minutes.” Mother
and Pardee eventually went to sleep.
After Pardee left Victim’s room, she immediately texted her Father using her iPad.
Texts sent between 12:57 a.m. and 1:00 a.m. read:
3 I’m shaking her boyfriend came in here and touched me and made me touch his private and said he’s not playing and that I can’t tell anyone and that he’s gonna come later I need help I’m scared I’m just trying to sleep
I’m gonna hide my ipad tomorrow so he won’t see this
I told him I just want to go to sleep and that this is wrong because mom just got home when he left the room and then he acted normal
I’m really scared I really am
I want to cry
I can’t lose (sic) my door because it would lock me in there and I want to sleep on the bathroom floor because I hate him
Because she was worried that Pardee would come back to her room when her mother was
asleep, Victim went into the bathroom to sleep, as it had the only door that locked. She
set an alarm to wake up early, so no one else would not know that she slept in the
bathroom.
The next morning, while Mother was still asleep, Pardee came to Victim’s room
and told her to get dressed. He continued to stand in her doorway, and Victim said, “In
front of you?” and “Can you leave?” Victim changed in the bathroom and went into the
living room to watch television until it was time to go to the bus stop.
Victim sat in the middle of the couch between Pardee and her brother. Pardee put
his arm up on the back of the couch behind Victim and touched her hair and lightly
pulled it so that her brother would not notice. Victim leaned forward with her forearms
on her legs so that Pardee could not touch her hair. Pardee slowly put his hand down by
his side and touched Victim’s leg. Victim got up and went to sit on the edge of the bed in
4 Mother’s room (Mother was still sleeping). Pardee walked into the room and looked mad
and confused as to why Victim left the couch. He pointed to the couch and whispered,
“Go.” Victim refused and instead sat in a chair at the breakfast bar. Pardee sent Victim’s
brother into his room to get something so that he could talk to Victim. He told Victim,
“You need to stop with the attitude.” Victim responded that he was a “creep” and told
him to leave her alone. Pardee said that he “didn’t mean to hurt” her, “I’ll get you
whatever you want if you don’t tell,” and “Are you going to forgive me?” Victim left to
go to the bus stop and Pardee told her one last time, “You better keep your mouth shut.”
Victim put her iPad in her backpack and took it to school with her because she did not
want Pardee to see that she had texted her Father.
When Father woke up that morning, he saw Victim’s texts from the night before.
He forwarded the texts to Mother and to an aunt. He then got in his truck and headed to
Mother’s house. On the way, he saw a sheriff’s vehicle parked at a local auto shop.
Father found Victim walking to the bus stop. He asked her if her texts were true, and
Victim started crying. He told her to get into the truck and then drove back to the auto
shop. Father told a sheriff’s deputy what had happened, and the deputy told Father to go
to the sheriff’s office and file a report.
Father took Victim back to the bus stop and told her tell a teacher or counselor
what had happened. At school, Victim told her teacher and the counselor that her
mother’s boyfriend had come into her bedroom the night before and touched her
inappropriately. She told the counselor that Pardee had threatened to come back and that
5 she did not know if she would be safe when she got home. The counselor made a report
to the Child Abuse and Neglect Hotline. Investigators from Children’s Division and the
sheriff’s department came to the school that day and interviewed Victim.
Mother woke up a little after 9:00 a.m. that morning and began watching TV next
to Pardee, who was asleep. She turned on her phone and saw the messages from Victim
(that Father had forwarded to Mother). Mother got up, went outside, and called law
enforcement. She then woke up Pardee and told him to leave. Pardee went into the
bathroom and started yelling “fuck, fuck, fuck” and banging on the wall. The sheriff’s
deputy who Father had spoken to earlier arrived at Mother’s house, and Mother showed
him the text messages. Pardee called a relative, and she picked him up from Mother’s
house.
Pardee was charged as a prior and persistent offender with one count of first-
degree statutory sodomy for having deviate sexual intercourse with Victim by engaging
in an act involving the hand of Victim and the genitals of Pardee; one count of second-
degree child molestation for knowingly subjecting Victim to sexual contact by touching
her vagina or genitals through her clothing; and one count of second-degree child
molestation for knowingly subjecting Victim to sexual contact by touching her breast
through her clothing.
Trial was conducted in December 2022, and the jury found Pardee guilty as
charged. The trial court sentenced Pardee as a persistent offender to life imprisonment
for statutory sodomy and fifteen years’ imprisonment for each count of child molestation
6 and ordered the sentences to run concurrently.
This appeal by Pardee followed.
Point One
In his first point on appeal, Pardee contends that the trial court abused its
discretion in not allowing him to publish the video of Victim’s forensic interview prior to
cross-examination of the forensic interviewer and Victim so that he could question them
about the contents of the video. He asserts that depriving him of the opportunity to ask
the interviewer about leading questions she asked during the interview and to ask Victim
about inconsistent statements she made during the interview about the touching of the
penis and the breast prevented him from presenting a complete defense. 3 The State
contends that Pardee failed to preserve this claim of error because he did not make an
3 Pardee does not claim a Confrontation Clause violation. “The United States Constitution and Missouri Constitution provide that an accused shall enjoy the right to be confronted with witnesses against him in criminal prosecutions.” State v. Ogle, 676 S.W.3d 489, 493 (Mo. App. W.D. 2023) (citing U.S. Const. amend. VI; Mo. Const. art. I, sec. 18(a)). “An accused’s right to confront the witnesses against him is satisfied when he is given the ‘wide latitude at trial to cross-examine witnesses….’” Id. (quoting State v. Taylor, 944 S.W.2d 925, 931 (Mo. banc 1997)). “The Confrontation Clause places no constraints on the use of a declarant’s prior testimonial statements against the accused when the declarant is available and subject to cross- examination at trial.” Id. (citing Crawford v. Washington, 541 U.S. 36, 59 n.9, 124 S.Ct. 1354, 158 L.Ed.2d 177 (2004)). Section 491.075.1(1) and (2), RSMo 2016, permits the admission of a child’s out-of-court statement as substantive evidence if it bears sufficient indicia of reliability and the child testifies at the proceeding. Even if the statement is otherwise admissible under section 491.075.1, its admission may violate the Confrontation Clause if it is testimonial and the defendant has not had the opportunity to cross-examine the child. Ogle, 676 S.W.3d at 493. “While a meaningful opportunity for cross-examination is necessary, the Confrontation Clause guarantees only an opportunity for effective cross-examination, not cross-examination that is effective in whatever way, and to whatever extent, the defense might wish.” Id. (quoting State v. Perry, 275 S.W.3d 237, 244 (Mo. banc 2009)).
7 adequate offer of proof regarding the interviewer’s alleged leading questions or Victim’s
alleged prior inconsistent statements.
A trial court has broad discretion to admit or exclude evidence and to determine
the extent and scope of cross-examination. State v. Michaud, 600 S.W.3d 757, 761 (Mo.
banc 2019); State v. Bryant, 686 S.W.3d 324, 327 (Mo. App. E.D. 2024). To preserve a
claim that evidence was improperly excluded, “the proponent must attempt to present the
excluded evidence at trial and, if it remains excluded, make a sufficient offer of proof.”
Michaud, 600 S.W.3d at 761 (internal quotes and citation omitted). An offer of proof
must demonstrate to the trial court what the rejected evidence would show, educating the
trial court as to the admissibility of the proffered testimony and allowing it to consider
the testimony in context. Id. at 761-62. “Offers of proof must show what the evidence
will be, the purpose and object of the evidence, and each fact essential to establishing
admissibility.” Id. at 762 (internal quotes and citation omitted).
Pardee did not preserve his claim for appellate review. After the State’s direct
examination of the forensic interviewer, the State moved to admit the one-hour-and-ten-
minute video of the forensic interview of Victim. The trial court admitted the exhibit
without objection. Before cross-examination of the interviewer, defense counsel
requested to play the interview for the jury. The prosecutor stated that it was the State’s
case and that he was going to play/publish the interview right before the State rested or
before Victim testified. The trial court ruled that defense counsel could not play the
video during cross-examination of the interviewer because the video had not yet been
8 published. Defense counsel argued that he would be unable to use the video to cross-
examine the interviewer or the child. He asserted that he was entitled to cross-examine
the interviewer about leading questions she asked during the interview and to cross-
examine Victim as to inconsistencies in her statements during the interview. The trial
court asked defense counsel what the inconsistencies were. Defense counsel vaguely
asserted that Victim “initially didn’t disclose or tell any detail about the actual
allegations” or “the actual touching of the penis or actual touching of the breast.” The
trial court stated that defense counsel was “going to get a chance to cross-examine
[Victim], and compare why she said this and not that.” It said, “You ask [Victim]. You
point out a minute in the video where the inconsistencies are.” The trial court also asked
defense counsel what the leading questions were, but defense counsel did not identify any
and requested his objection be noted. Finally, in his motion for new trial, Pardee only
generally alleged that the trial court erred in prohibiting defense counsel from cross-
examining the interviewer or Victim about statements made during the interview.
Pardee failed to make adequate offers of proof. Pardee only generally argued that
he wished to cross-examine the interviewer about leading questions she asked and to
cross-examine Victim about inconsistent statements she made during the interview. He
vaguely argued that Victim initially did not disclose or detail the actual touching of the
penis or the breast. He did not, however, inform the trial court what the interviewer’s and
Victim’s testimony would be so that it could consider the testimony in context and
determine its admissibility. Pardee’s failure to make a specific offer of proof during the
9 forensic interviewer’s testimony is particularly problematic, because it does not appear
that the trial court made the categorical evidentiary ruling Pardee claims it did. Although
Pardee claims that the trial court prevented him from making any use of the forensic
interview recording in cross-examination of the forensic interviewer or Victim, it appears
that the trial court was willing to permit Pardee to cross-examine the forensic interviewer
about specific interview questions that Pardee claimed were leading. Despite the court’s
request that Pardee identify the purportedly leading questions, Pardee failed to do so. In
addition, it appears that the trial court was willing to permit Pardee to cross-examine the
Victim concerning inconsistencies within the forensic interview, or between the forensic
interview and the Victim’s trial testimony, but Pardee never attempted to do so. Because
Pardee did not adequately preserve his claim for appellate review, this court may only
review it, if at all, for plain error. Michaud, 600 S.W.3d at 762.
Generally, an appellate court does not review unpreserved claims of error. State v.
Brandolese, 601 S.W.3d 519, 525-26 (Mo. banc 2020). Rule 30.20, however, provides
an appellate court discretion to review “plain errors affecting substantial rights…when
the court finds that manifest injustice or miscarriage of justice has resulted therefrom.”
“Plain error review is discretionary, and [an appellate court] will not review a claim for
plain error unless the claimed error facially establishes substantial grounds for believing
that manifest injustice or miscarriage of justice has resulted.” Brandolese, 601 S.W.3d at
526 (internal quotes and citations omitted). “The plain error rule is to be used sparingly
and may not be used to justify a review of every point that has not been otherwise
10 preserved for appellate review.” Id. (internal quotes and citation omitted).
Pardee has failed to demonstrate facially substantial grounds for believing that the
trial court’s refusal to allow him to play Victim’s forensic interview prior to or while
cross-examining the forensic interviewer and Victim so that he could question them about
the contents of the video resulted in manifest injustice or miscarriage of justice. Review
of the forensic interview reveals that Victim’s statements regarding the touching of
Victim’s breast and of Pardee’s penis were not inconsistent during the interview. It also
reveals that the interviewer did not ask leading questions to prompt Victim to make those
disclosures.
During the interview, after first building rapport with Victim for about 10 minutes,
the interviewer said, “Tell me what you are here to talk to me about today.” Victim
talked continuously, without interruption by the interviewer, for almost 30 minutes,
describing what had happened from the time Pardee entered her bedroom until she talked
to her teacher and then counselor at school the next day. During this long narrative, she
only briefly (approximately one and a half minutes) recounted the sexual contact Pardee
subjected her to. She said that he started touching her “inappropriately,” and she vaguely
described Pardee pulling the blanket off her, touching her leg and going further “up,” and
then trying to go up her shirt before she pulled back and put the blanket back over herself.
She said that Pardee then “unzipped his pants and made [her] touch him.”
When Victim was done with her account, the interviewer asked her to tell her
exactly what Pardee did when he touched her inappropriately. At this point,
11 approximately 40 minutes into the interview, Victim began describing more details of the
sexual contact. She said that Pardee started rubbing the outside and inside of her leg,
demonstrating with her hand on her leg. She continued, “and then he would start doing
that,” demonstrating touching her vaginal area and then her right breast with her hand.
She said, “he would go back down and he would do it right here for a little bit,” again
pointing to her vaginal area. Victim then said, “he tried to go up my shirt but he only got
up here,” pointing to her stomach, before she pulled away. She said he unzipped his
pants and “made me touch him inappropriately.” She said, “he was telling me to grab it,”
“he said for me to squeeze it,” and “I don’t really know what it means but he told me to
stroke it.” The interviewer told Victim that she had two drawings of people without
clothing to help her understand exactly what she was telling her, and she asked Victim to
circle on the drawings all of the places Pardee had touched her and where he made her
touch him. Victim circled the right breast, vagina, the right thigh, and hair on the female
drawing and the penis on the male drawing.
The interviewer then asked Victim for further details about each touching she
reported. She first asked Victim what Pardee touched her thigh with and whether it was
on top of her clothing or under it. Victim responded that he used his hand on top of her
clothing. She said the only time Pardee tried to go under her clothing was when he tried
to go up her shirt and she pulled away. Next, the interviewer asked Victim what Pardee
used to touch her vagina, how he touched her vagina, and whether it was on top or
underneath of her clothing. Victim responded that he used his hand, rubbing her vagina
12 back and forth, over her clothing. The interviewer then asked Victim to tell her about
how Pardee tried to go up under her shirt. Victim demonstrated how Pardee put his hand
under her shirt and said that he “tried to reach for [her] boob” but he only got as far as her
stomach when she scooted away from him. The interviewer next asked about when
Pardee touched her breast. She asked what Pardee used to touch her breast, whether the
touching was on top or underneath her clothing, and how he touched her. Victim
responded that Pardee used his hand to touch her breast on top of the clothing. She said
he squeezed it, and she demonstrated rubbing her hand over her breast. The interviewer
asked Victim if Pardee used anything other than his hand to touch the parts of her body
that she had identified or if he had touched any other part of her body, and Victim
answered no. The interviewer then asked about when Pardee made Victim touch his
penis. She asked Victim what Pardee made her use to touch him, whether he was sitting
or standing, and whether he was wearing underwear under his pants. Victim said that
Pardee grabbed her hand and told her to grab and stroke his penis. She demonstrated
Pardee holding her wrist and making her hand move on his penis. She said that he was
standing up at the time and that she could not remember if he had underwear on under his
pants.
Although ten-year-old Victim was initially vague in reporting the various touching
by Pardee, when asked by the interviewer with non-leading questions to provide more
details, Victim remained consistent in her disclosures throughout the interview. And
though Victim may have made some inconsistent statements regarding certain details
13 during the forensic interview, 4 her statements that went directly to the elements of the
offenses were definite and unchanging.
Moreover, Pardee had an opportunity to present a defense regarding the interview.
Both the interviewer and Victim were present, testified, and were cross-examined at trial.
Defense counsel acknowledged during closing argument that he had watched the
interview “multiple times” and actually referenced specific times during the interview;
however, he did not cross-examine the interviewer or Victim about any leading questions
or inconsistent statements. Furthermore, after the State published the interview at the end
of its case, defense counsel did not recall the interviewer or Victim during the defense’s
case to question them about leading questions or inconsistent statements during the
interview. Pardee admits in his brief that “the video was played and the defense pointed
out these problems [with the interview].” The State played the interview for the jury at
the end of the State’s case, and defense counsel commented on the interviewer’s
questions and Victim’s statements extensively during closing argument.
Given that the interviewer asked only non-leading questions, that Victim’s
statements about the sexual contact were consistent during the forensic interview, and
that Pardee was able to present a defense about the interview, the trial court’s refusal to
allow Pardee to cross-examine the interviewer and Victim with the videotaped interview
4 During the interview Victim was not entirely consistent regarding when Pardee told her she could not tell anyone what had happened, whether he was wearing jeans or sweatpants, and whether she was lying down or sitting up.
14 did not facially establish substantial grounds for believing that manifest injustice or a
miscarriage of justice resulted. We exercise our discretion to decline plain error review
of this point.
Point one is denied.
Point Two
In his second point on appeal, Pardee contends that the trial court erred in entering
a conviction and sentence against him for second-degree child molestation. He argues
that there was insufficient evidence that he touched Victim’s breast.
Appellate review of the sufficiency of the evidence to support a criminal
conviction is limited to determining whether there is sufficient evidence from which any
rational finder of fact could have found the essential elements of the offense beyond a
reasonable doubt. State v. Phillips, 687 S.W.3d 642, 650 (Mo. banc 2024). A person
commits the offense of second-degree child molestation if he “[s]ubjects a child who is
less than twelve years of age to sexual contact.” § 566.068.1(1), RSMo 2016. Sexual
contact is defined as “any touching of another person with the genitals or any touching of
the genitals or anus of another person, or the breast of a female person, or such touching
through the clothing, for the purpose of arousing or gratifying the sexual desire of any
person[.]” § 566.010(6), RSMo 2016.
During her forensic interview, which was played for the jury, Victim told the
interviewer that, after Pardee pulled the blanket off of her and touched her thigh and her
vagina over her clothing, he touched and squeezed her right breast over her clothing with
15 his hand. Pardee then tried to put his hand up her shirt but did not get above her stomach
because Victim pulled away from him and put the blanket back over herself. At trial, the
State did not ask Victim about any specific touching on direct examination. On cross-
examination, the following exchange occurred:
Q: Okay. Did he try to touch your chest?
A: Yeah.
Q: Okay. And would it be fair to say that he tried to touch your chest, and then you pulled away?
Q: And his hand didn’t actually touch your breast at that time, right?
Q: I’m sorry. That was a bad question. When you say yeah, do you mean that his hand did or didn’t actually touch your chest?
A: Didn’t.
Pardee argues that Victim’s trial testimony was consistent with her statements in
the forensic interview that Pardee never touched her breast. He asserts that no reasonable
juror would credit, and this court should not credit, Victim’s other statements during the
forensic interview that Pardee touched her breast on top of her clothing because they
were so contrary to all of the other evidence presented on the issue. 5
5 Although Pardee does not reference the Corroboration Rule and Destructive Contradictions Doctrine, to the extent that his argument relies on them, such argument is without merit. The Missouri Supreme Court abolished both in State v. Porter, 439 S.W.3d 208, 211-13 (Mo. banc 2014). State v. Dodd, 637 S.W.3d 659, 667 (Mo. App. W.D. 2021). Pardee also argues that this
16 An appellate court does not reweigh the evidence but, instead, accepts as true all
evidence and inferences supporting guilt and ignores all contrary evidence and
inferences. State v. Dodd, 637 S.W.3d 659, 668 (Mo. App. W.D. 2021). The trier of fact
may believe all, some, or none of a witness’s testimony when considered with the facts,
circumstances, and other testimony in the case. Id. “The testimony of a single witness is
sufficient to support a conviction even if the testimony of the witness is inconsistent.” Id.
(internal quotes and citation omitted). “The jury is in the best position to resolve
credibility issues, such as inconsistencies in the victim’s trial testimony and out-of-court
statements.” Id. The appellate court will not engage in credibility determinations that are
properly left to the trier of fact. Id.
Contrary to Pardee’s argument, Victim’s out-of-court statements during the
forensic interview and her trial testimony were consistent. During her forensic interview,
she reported two different instances where Pardee tried to touch her breast. In one
instance, she said that Pardee touched and squeezed her breast over her clothing, in
another, he tried to put his hand up her shirt but she pulled away before he could touch
her breast. At trial, Victim testified only about the instance where Pardee tried to put his
hand up her shirt. She was not asked, and did not testify, about when he touched her
court should not credit Victim’s statements at the forensic interview that he touched her breast on top of her clothing because he was not able to cross-examine her about the inconsistency given the trial court’s ruling, which was the subject in point one. As discussed above, Victim’s statements regarding Pardee touching her right breast on top of her clothing and his other attempt to touch her breast under her clothing were consistent throughout her interview, and, accordingly, Pardee failed to establish grounds for believing that manifest injustice or a miscarriage of justice resulted warranting plain error review.
17 right breast on top of her clothing. Even if her out-of-court statements and trial testimony
were inconsistent, the inconsistency was for the jury to resolve. The jury could have
believed Victim’s report to the interviewer that Pardee touched her right breast over her
clothing. The evidence supports Pardee’s conviction for second-degree child molestation
for touching Victim’s breast.
Point two is denied.
Correction of Written Judgment
As a final matter, the State notes that the trial court orally pronounced a sentence
of life imprisonment for first-degree statutory sodomy but that the court’s written
judgment imposes a sentence of 999 years for the conviction. 6 “[T]he written sentence
and judgment of the trial court should reflect its oral pronouncement of sentence before
the defendant.” State ex rel. Zinna v. Steele, 301 S.W.3d 510, 514 (Mo. banc 2010)
(internal quotes and citation omitted). “[I]f a material difference exists between the
6 We note that in other cases raising a similar claim of failure to memorialize the pronounced sentence, the claim is decided either under plain error review, State v. Pierce, 678 S.W.3d 115, 124-25 (Mo. App. S.D. 2023); State v. Clark, 494 S.W.3d 8, 14 (Mo. App. E.D. 2016), or based on a court’s authority to correct clerical mistakes under Rule 29.12(c), State v. Davie, 638 S.W.3d 514, 524 (Mo. App. W.D. 2021); State v. Fewins, 638 S.W.3d 36, 38-39 (Mo. App. S.D. 2021); State v. Johnson, 456 S.W.3d 497, 505 (Mo. App. E.D. 2015). State v. Denham, 686 S.W.3d 357, 369 n.3 (Mo. App. W.D. 2024). Rule 30.20 provides, “Whether briefed or not, plain errors affecting substantial rights may be considered in the discretion of the court when the court finds that manifest injustice or miscarriage of justice has resulted therefrom.” “An unauthorized sentence affects substantial rights and results in manifest injustice.” Denham, 686 S.W.3d at 369 n.3 (internal quotes and citation omitted). Rule 29.12(c) provides, in pertinent part, “Clerical mistakes in judgments…arising from oversight or omission may be corrected by the court at any time after such notice, if any, as the court orders.” Regardless, all of the noted cases resolve the issue consistently.
18 written judgment and oral pronouncement, the oral pronouncement controls.” Id.
(internal quotes and citation omitted). “The failure to accurately memorialize the
decision of the trial court as it was announced in open court is a clerical mistake.” State
v. Denham, 686 S.W.3d 357, 369 (Mo. App. W.D. 2024) (citing State v. Davie, 638
S.W.3d 514, 524 (Mo. App. W.D. 2021)). “Clerical errors in the sentence and judgment
in a criminal case may be corrected by order nunc pro tunc if the written judgment does
not reflect what was actually done.” Id. (quoting Davie, 638 S.W.3d at 524).
At sentencing, the trial court pronounced a sentence of life imprisonment for first-
degree statutory sodomy. The trial court’s written judgment, however, indicates that the
sentence for first-degree statutory sodomy is 999 years. The authorized sentence for first-
degree statutory sodomy in this case, where the victim is less than twelve years old, is life
imprisonment or a term of years not less than ten years. § 566.062.2(1), RSMo 2016.
Sentences of life and 999 years are materially different because, among other things, they
have a different effect in determining parole eligibility dates. State v. Fewins, 638
S.W.3d 36, 38 (Mo. App. S.D. 2021); State v. Clark, 494 S.W.3d 8, 14 (Mo. App. E.D.
2016); § 558.019.4, RSMo Cum. Supp. 2019 (for purposes of determining the minimum
prison term to be served, a sentence of life is calculated to be 30 years and a sentence
over 75 years is calculated to be 75 years). Because the written judgment does not
conform to the trial court’s oral pronouncement of sentence, it contains clerical errors that
may be corrected nunc pro tunc. Denham, 686 S.W.3d at 371; Davie, 638 S.W.3d at 524.
The case is remanded to the trial court to enter a corrected judgment that conforms to the
19 trial court’s oral pronouncement of sentence for first-degree statutory sodomy.
Conclusion
The case is remanded to the trial court for entry of a corrected written judgment
that conforms to the trial court’s oral pronouncement of sentence for first-degree statutory
sodomy. In all other respects, the judgment is affirmed.
___________________________________ Thomas N. Chapman, Judge
All concur.