This opinion will be unpublished and may not be cited except as provided by Minn. Stat. § 480A.08, subd. 3 (2014).
STATE OF MINNESOTA IN COURT OF APPEALS A15-0553
State of Minnesota, Respondent,
vs.
Johnny Carter, Appellant
Filed December 14, 2015 Affirmed Harten, Judge
Stearns County District Court File No. 73-CR-11-11287
Lori Swanson, Attorney General, St. Paul, Minnesota; and
Janelle P. Kendall, Stearns County Attorney, Carl Ole Tvedten, Assistant County Attorney, St. Cloud, Minnesota (for respondent)
Cathryn Middlebrook, Chief Appellate Public Defender, Andrea Barts, Assistant Public Defender, St. Paul, Minnesota (for appellant)
Considered and decided by Connolly, Presiding Judge; Johnson, Judge; and
Harten, Judge.
Retired judge of the Minnesota Court of Appeals, serving by appointment pursuant to Minn. Const. art. VI, § 10. UNPUBLISHED OPINION
HARTEN, Judge
Appellant argues that the district court abused its discretion in revoking his
probation because the need for his confinement did not outweigh the policies favoring
probation. Because we see no abuse of discretion, we affirm.
FACTS
Following an incident in December 2011, appellant Johnny Carter, a resident of
St. Cloud, Minnesota, was charged with felony DWI, felony DWI (refusal to submit to
chemical test), and gross misdemeanor driving after cancellation. He pleaded guilty to
felony DWI (refusal to submit to chemical test) in exchange for dismissal of the other
counts, the right to move for a downward dispositional departure (66 months in prison,
stayed), or, if the district court did not agree to the departure, a bottom-of-the-box 57-
month sentence, executed.
In July 2012, appellant was sentenced to 66 months (the midpoint of the range for
someone with appellant’s criminal history score of 5) in prison, stayed; probation for
seven years; 365 days in jail; abstention from the use of alcohol; and participation in an
Intensive Supervision Program (ISP) until released by the agent.
In July 2013, appellant was convicted of gross-misdemeanor driving after
cancellation. In October 2013, he tested positive for alcohol consumption, and a
probation violation report was filed. At the hearing, he was sentenced to 30 days in jail
with work-release privileges or electronic monitoring with house arrest and to follow the
recommendations of a chemical dependency evaluation.
2 In June 2014, appellant again tested positive for alcohol consumption with a
preliminary breath test (PBT) result of .026. He therefore failed to complete the ISP. A
probation violation report was filed; at the hearing, appellant admitted the violations and
was sentenced to 45 days in jail (two weeks on house arrest with electric monitoring, the
remainder in jail with work-release privileges).
In September 2014, appellant once more tested positive for alcohol consumption
with a PBT of .021 and, again, failed to complete the ISP. A probation violation report
was filed; appellant was sentenced to 60 days in jail and ordered to complete a cognitive
MRT program and an updated chemical dependency evaluation and to follow the
recommendations.
Over the weekend of 22-23 November, appellant called the ISP whereabouts line
to report that he was at home in St. Cloud. His agent then went to appellant’s residence
to administer a breathalyzer test and discovered that appellant was not at home.
Suspecting that appellant was drinking and therefore trying to avoid him, the agent
attempted to contact appellant by leaving messages on his cell phone, visiting his
residence again, and leaving a message with appellant’s girlfriend that appellant should
call the agent.
On the morning of Monday, 24 November, appellant was at home in St. Cloud.
However, he called the agent and said he was at his sister’s residence in Chanhassen.
Because this trip had not received the required pre-approval from the agent, it was an ISP
violation. When the agent asked appellant if they could meet immediately, appellant said
he could not get a ride until the next day. The agent told appellant to call the ISP
3 whereabouts line when he returned to St. Cloud and filed another probation violation
report.
Appellant did not call the agent until Wednesday, 26 November. Again, although
he was at home, he told the agent he was in Chanhassen and would take an extended
urine alcohol test (ETG). The agent believed that this test would be useless if appellant
had consumed alcohol on 22 November and told appellant that a probation violation
report had been filed, a warrant had been requested, and therefore appellant would be
taken into custody. Appellant, knowing that the agent would recommend prison, told the
agent he would stay in Chanhassen for Thanksgiving the following day.
On 11 December, appellant was arrested on a warrant. At the probation violation
hearing, he denied the events of 22-26 November. Another probation report was filed,
but the hearing on that violation was continued at appellant’s request. When the hearing
was held, the state asked for execution of the 66-month prison sentence imposed in July
2012; appellant asked for jail time, chemical dependency treatment, and probation.
At the hearing, appellant testified that he called the agent to say he was at home on
Saturday 22 November, left his home for Chanhassen “shortly after that,” around 8:30
p.m., and returned home around 2:00 or 2:30 Sunday morning. He testified that he did
not call the agent until Monday morning, 24 November, and, although he was then at
home, he told the agent he was in Chanhassen because he “didn’t want him [the agent]
coming to [his] house.” When asked if he had tried to evade his agent between his 24
November phone call and his 11 December arrest, appellant answered that the agent had
told him on the phone, “I’m going to put out a warrant” and further testified that, because
4 the warrant had been put out, appellant did not get a test on the morning of the 24
November at his treatment facility in St. Cloud.
The district court told appellant:
[Y]ou’ve been given more than the average number of chances a person would have to be successful on probation. . . . [Y]ou reverted to drinking again and that gave you three violations in a fairly short period of time. And even though there is no absolute proof that you were consuming alcohol in November of this year [2014], it’s hard to come up with any conclusion other than that, given the pattern of not being available to surveillance. You knew that [an agent] would be there on a moment’s notice to test you if they had missed you by accident. And I come to the conclusion that you were avoiding the agent because you knew you had been drinking and you didn’t want to go to jail for another 45-or 60-day stint, or worse. And what you ended up doing was basically eliminating any chance to get another chance on probation. . . . The violations of absconding for that length of time, not being available for testing, and eventually avoiding and being dishonest with the agent, those are all extremely serious violations that were inexcusable and intentional. . . . [Your] confinement is necessary to protect the public from further criminal activity.
Appellant challenges the revocation of his probation and the execution of his
sentence, arguing that the policies favoring probation outweighed his need for
confinement.
DECISION
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This opinion will be unpublished and may not be cited except as provided by Minn. Stat. § 480A.08, subd. 3 (2014).
STATE OF MINNESOTA IN COURT OF APPEALS A15-0553
State of Minnesota, Respondent,
vs.
Johnny Carter, Appellant
Filed December 14, 2015 Affirmed Harten, Judge
Stearns County District Court File No. 73-CR-11-11287
Lori Swanson, Attorney General, St. Paul, Minnesota; and
Janelle P. Kendall, Stearns County Attorney, Carl Ole Tvedten, Assistant County Attorney, St. Cloud, Minnesota (for respondent)
Cathryn Middlebrook, Chief Appellate Public Defender, Andrea Barts, Assistant Public Defender, St. Paul, Minnesota (for appellant)
Considered and decided by Connolly, Presiding Judge; Johnson, Judge; and
Harten, Judge.
Retired judge of the Minnesota Court of Appeals, serving by appointment pursuant to Minn. Const. art. VI, § 10. UNPUBLISHED OPINION
HARTEN, Judge
Appellant argues that the district court abused its discretion in revoking his
probation because the need for his confinement did not outweigh the policies favoring
probation. Because we see no abuse of discretion, we affirm.
FACTS
Following an incident in December 2011, appellant Johnny Carter, a resident of
St. Cloud, Minnesota, was charged with felony DWI, felony DWI (refusal to submit to
chemical test), and gross misdemeanor driving after cancellation. He pleaded guilty to
felony DWI (refusal to submit to chemical test) in exchange for dismissal of the other
counts, the right to move for a downward dispositional departure (66 months in prison,
stayed), or, if the district court did not agree to the departure, a bottom-of-the-box 57-
month sentence, executed.
In July 2012, appellant was sentenced to 66 months (the midpoint of the range for
someone with appellant’s criminal history score of 5) in prison, stayed; probation for
seven years; 365 days in jail; abstention from the use of alcohol; and participation in an
Intensive Supervision Program (ISP) until released by the agent.
In July 2013, appellant was convicted of gross-misdemeanor driving after
cancellation. In October 2013, he tested positive for alcohol consumption, and a
probation violation report was filed. At the hearing, he was sentenced to 30 days in jail
with work-release privileges or electronic monitoring with house arrest and to follow the
recommendations of a chemical dependency evaluation.
2 In June 2014, appellant again tested positive for alcohol consumption with a
preliminary breath test (PBT) result of .026. He therefore failed to complete the ISP. A
probation violation report was filed; at the hearing, appellant admitted the violations and
was sentenced to 45 days in jail (two weeks on house arrest with electric monitoring, the
remainder in jail with work-release privileges).
In September 2014, appellant once more tested positive for alcohol consumption
with a PBT of .021 and, again, failed to complete the ISP. A probation violation report
was filed; appellant was sentenced to 60 days in jail and ordered to complete a cognitive
MRT program and an updated chemical dependency evaluation and to follow the
recommendations.
Over the weekend of 22-23 November, appellant called the ISP whereabouts line
to report that he was at home in St. Cloud. His agent then went to appellant’s residence
to administer a breathalyzer test and discovered that appellant was not at home.
Suspecting that appellant was drinking and therefore trying to avoid him, the agent
attempted to contact appellant by leaving messages on his cell phone, visiting his
residence again, and leaving a message with appellant’s girlfriend that appellant should
call the agent.
On the morning of Monday, 24 November, appellant was at home in St. Cloud.
However, he called the agent and said he was at his sister’s residence in Chanhassen.
Because this trip had not received the required pre-approval from the agent, it was an ISP
violation. When the agent asked appellant if they could meet immediately, appellant said
he could not get a ride until the next day. The agent told appellant to call the ISP
3 whereabouts line when he returned to St. Cloud and filed another probation violation
report.
Appellant did not call the agent until Wednesday, 26 November. Again, although
he was at home, he told the agent he was in Chanhassen and would take an extended
urine alcohol test (ETG). The agent believed that this test would be useless if appellant
had consumed alcohol on 22 November and told appellant that a probation violation
report had been filed, a warrant had been requested, and therefore appellant would be
taken into custody. Appellant, knowing that the agent would recommend prison, told the
agent he would stay in Chanhassen for Thanksgiving the following day.
On 11 December, appellant was arrested on a warrant. At the probation violation
hearing, he denied the events of 22-26 November. Another probation report was filed,
but the hearing on that violation was continued at appellant’s request. When the hearing
was held, the state asked for execution of the 66-month prison sentence imposed in July
2012; appellant asked for jail time, chemical dependency treatment, and probation.
At the hearing, appellant testified that he called the agent to say he was at home on
Saturday 22 November, left his home for Chanhassen “shortly after that,” around 8:30
p.m., and returned home around 2:00 or 2:30 Sunday morning. He testified that he did
not call the agent until Monday morning, 24 November, and, although he was then at
home, he told the agent he was in Chanhassen because he “didn’t want him [the agent]
coming to [his] house.” When asked if he had tried to evade his agent between his 24
November phone call and his 11 December arrest, appellant answered that the agent had
told him on the phone, “I’m going to put out a warrant” and further testified that, because
4 the warrant had been put out, appellant did not get a test on the morning of the 24
November at his treatment facility in St. Cloud.
The district court told appellant:
[Y]ou’ve been given more than the average number of chances a person would have to be successful on probation. . . . [Y]ou reverted to drinking again and that gave you three violations in a fairly short period of time. And even though there is no absolute proof that you were consuming alcohol in November of this year [2014], it’s hard to come up with any conclusion other than that, given the pattern of not being available to surveillance. You knew that [an agent] would be there on a moment’s notice to test you if they had missed you by accident. And I come to the conclusion that you were avoiding the agent because you knew you had been drinking and you didn’t want to go to jail for another 45-or 60-day stint, or worse. And what you ended up doing was basically eliminating any chance to get another chance on probation. . . . The violations of absconding for that length of time, not being available for testing, and eventually avoiding and being dishonest with the agent, those are all extremely serious violations that were inexcusable and intentional. . . . [Your] confinement is necessary to protect the public from further criminal activity.
Appellant challenges the revocation of his probation and the execution of his
sentence, arguing that the policies favoring probation outweighed his need for
confinement.
DECISION
To revoke probation, the state must provide clear and convincing evidence of
probation violations. Minn. R. Crim. P. 27.04, subd. 2(1)(c)b. This court will not reverse
a probation revocation unless there has been a clear abuse of the district court’s broad
discretion. State v. Austin, 295 N.W.2d 246, 249-50 (Minn. 1980).
5 To revoke probation, the district court must (1) specify the probation condition
that has been violated, (2) find that the violation was inexcusable or intentional, and
(3) determine whether the need for confinement outweighs the policies favoring
probation. Id. at 250. Appellant does not challenge the district court’s determination that
the first two criteria for revoking probation were met.
As to the third criterion, the need for confinement outweighs the policies favoring
probation when the record, including the underlying offense and intervening conduct,
shows that (1) confinement is necessary to protect the public from further criminal
activity; (2) confinement can most effectively provide the setting for the offender’s
needed correctional treatment; or (3) not revoking probation would unduly depreciate the
seriousness of the violation. Id. at 251. The district court concluded that “[T]o not
execute the sentence would depreciate the seriousness of these most recent violations and
. . . confinement is necessary to protect the public from further criminal activity.”
Appellant argues that the district court abused its discretion because (1) “[his]
violations were not so serious that execution of the 66-month sentence was the only
appropriate remedy”; (2) “there were meaningful alternative sanctions available, like jail
time and/or continued treatment”; and (3) “the more appropriate option [would have
been] imposing additional time in the local jail, . . . additional time on electric home
monitoring,” and/or “any other appropriate programming like chemical dependency
treatment as a consequence for appellant’s violations.” But this argument ignores the
following facts: (1) the additional jail time, home monitoring, and treatment appellant
identified as “a more appropriate option” had been repeatedly tried, without success;
6 (2) this was appellant’s fourth violation in 17 months while on probation; and (3) only a
short time passed between appellant’s release from jail for a previous violation and 22
November, when he told his agent he was at home, left his home, absconded, and failed
to maintain contact with his agent for 35 hours.
The district court did not abuse its discretion in revoking appellant’s probation.
Affirmed.