This opinion will be unpublished and may not be cited except as provided by Minn. Stat. § 480A.08, subd. 3 (2014).
STATE OF MINNESOTA IN COURT OF APPEALS A14-1349
State of Minnesota, Respondent,
vs.
Giavonte Dominique Foulks, Appellant.
Filed July 20, 2015 Affirmed Reilly, Judge
Anoka County District Court File No. 02-CR-13-5402
Lori Swanson, Attorney General, St. Paul, Minnesota; and
Anthony C. Palumbo, Anoka County Attorney, Jon C. Audette, Anoka, Minnesota (for respondent)
Cathryn Middlebrook, Chief Appellate Public Defender, Susan J. Andrews, Assistant Public Defender, St. Paul, Minnesota (for appellant)
Considered and decided by Hooten, Presiding Judge; Halbrooks, Judge; and
Reilly, Judge.
UNPUBLISHED OPINION
REILLY, Judge
Appellant Giavonte Foulks challenges his felony conviction of theft of a motor
vehicle, arguing that the district court erred in denying his presentence motion to withdraw his guilty plea. Because the district court carefully considered appellant’s
motion and did not abuse its discretion, we affirm.
FACTS
On August 3, 2013, appellant was “hanging out smoking marijuana” with his
friends, D.U. and J.F. Appellant asked D.U. if he could borrow his car to sell drugs and
D.U. refused. Appellant then took D.U.’s car without permission and drove away. D.U.
and J.F. tried to call appellant on his cell phone but it had been shut off. Two days later,
D.U. reported the theft to the police. D.U. told the police that he withheld permission for
appellant to drive his car because appellant did not have a valid driver’s license and the
car was not insured. D.U. later learned that appellant crashed the car. The state charged
appellant with one felony count of theft of a motor vehicle in violation of Minn. Stat.
§§ 609.52, subd. 2(a)(17), 609.52, subd. 3(3)(d)(v), 609.101 (2012).
Appellant entered a plea of guilty to the crime as charged and the state agreed to a
Minnesota Sentencing Guidelines disposition, with a potential departure to probation if
appellant sought chemical dependency treatment. Appellant acknowledged in the plea
petition that he had been charged with the crime of motor vehicle use without consent
and understood that the maximum penalty the district court could impose for the crime
was five years. The district court judge then engaged in the following exchange with
appellant regarding the factual basis for the plea:
Q: And you had a car? A: Yes. Q: Whose car was that? A: [D.U.] ...
2 Q: Okay. Did he give you permission to take his car? A: It’s like he gave me – I guess I had the car longer than I was supposed to. Q: Okay. And so you were supposed to have that car back to him; is that right? A: Yes. Q: But you held on to it? A: Yes. Q: Kept it without his permission? A: Yes. Q: And for those reasons you would agree that you were at that point in fact stealing it; true? A: Yes, sir.
The district court concluded that appellant understood his rights, waived those rights, and
admitted facts establishing that he was guilty of the offense. The district court advised
appellant that in order to “stay out of prison,” he was expected to be successful in
treatment, remain “completely law-abiding,” cooperate with a presentence investigation,
and appear for the sentencing hearing.
The presentence investigation report later revealed that appellant did not contact
corrections or cooperate in the presentence investigation process. Appellant did not
provide proof that he had entered into a treatment program as required by the plea
agreement. Appellant also incurred a new charge in January 2014 for a vehicle-related
offense. Probation recommended a presumptive commitment to the commissioner of
corrections for a period of 23 months, with a sentence range of 20 to 27 months. When
appellant failed to appear for sentencing, the state indicated that it was no longer willing
to go along with a departure because appellant failed to cooperate with the court’s orders.
Appellant was later arrested on the resulting warrant and appeared for sentencing.
3 During the same time period, D.U. gave a statement to an investigator with the
public defender’s office in which he clarified that he gave appellant permission to drive
his car “for the day,” but appellant failed to return the car in a timely manner. Appellant
sought to withdraw his guilty plea in light of D.U.’s statement “recanting the allegations”
that appellant took his vehicle without permission. The district court denied the motion
and imposed a 23-month prison sentence. This appeal followed.
DECISION
Appellant claims that the district court abused its discretion by denying appellant’s
presentence motion to withdraw his guilty plea. A defendant does not have an absolute
right to withdraw a guilty plea. State v. Raleigh, 778 N.W.2d 90, 93 (Minn. 2010). The
decision of whether to withdraw a presentence guilty plea is left to the sound discretion
of the district court and will be reversed only in the “rare case” in which the district court
abused that discretion. Kim v. State, 434 N.W.2d 263, 266 (Minn. 1989).
A defendant is permitted to withdraw a guilty plea before sentencing if “it is fair
and just to do so.” Minn. R. Crim. P. 15.05, subd. 2. A district court considers two
factors under this standard: the reasons the defendant advances to support withdrawal of
the guilty plea, and whether granting the motion prejudices the state. Id. Underlying this
rule is the principle that “giving a defendant an absolute right to withdraw a plea before
sentence would undermine the integrity of the plea-taking process.” Kim, 434 N.W.2d at
266.
Under the first factor, the defendant bears the burden of advancing reasons to
support a plea withdrawal. Raleigh, 778 N.W.2d at 97. Appellant argued that D.U.
4 recanted the theft allegation, providing appellant with a defense to the charge. In its
written findings, the district court considered D.U.’s statement that he gave appellant
permission to use the car if appellant was “gonna be back today.” The district court
noted D.U.’s statement to the investigator that:
A: [I]t had been about a day, I went home, went to bed and then I woke up and then called him, his phone was off – his phone was off – I had actually tried calling him, his phone was off, he wasn’t answering anybody’s phone calls and then I guess he was on his way back to brin[g]ing the car to me when he crashed it. .... Q: and he just – he asked to take the car? A: Yep, and I said ‘Yeah if you’re gonna be back today.’
Based on its review of the record, the district court concluded that D.U.’s statement was
“consistent with the factual basis” set forth by appellant. And appellant acknowledged
during the plea hearing that he “had the car longer than [he] was supposed to” and “held
on to it” without D.U.’s permission. The district court asked appellant if he would agree
“that [he was] at that point in fact stealing it,” and appellant answered, “Yes, sir.” The
record establishes a factual basis for appellant’s guilty plea.
Moreover, Minnesota courts are generally hesitant to allow a defendant to
withdraw a guilty plea based upon a victim’s recantation. See, e.g., State v. Tuttle, 504
N.W.2d 252, 256-57 (Minn. App. 1993) (determining that victim’s recantation of charge
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This opinion will be unpublished and may not be cited except as provided by Minn. Stat. § 480A.08, subd. 3 (2014).
STATE OF MINNESOTA IN COURT OF APPEALS A14-1349
State of Minnesota, Respondent,
vs.
Giavonte Dominique Foulks, Appellant.
Filed July 20, 2015 Affirmed Reilly, Judge
Anoka County District Court File No. 02-CR-13-5402
Lori Swanson, Attorney General, St. Paul, Minnesota; and
Anthony C. Palumbo, Anoka County Attorney, Jon C. Audette, Anoka, Minnesota (for respondent)
Cathryn Middlebrook, Chief Appellate Public Defender, Susan J. Andrews, Assistant Public Defender, St. Paul, Minnesota (for appellant)
Considered and decided by Hooten, Presiding Judge; Halbrooks, Judge; and
Reilly, Judge.
UNPUBLISHED OPINION
REILLY, Judge
Appellant Giavonte Foulks challenges his felony conviction of theft of a motor
vehicle, arguing that the district court erred in denying his presentence motion to withdraw his guilty plea. Because the district court carefully considered appellant’s
motion and did not abuse its discretion, we affirm.
FACTS
On August 3, 2013, appellant was “hanging out smoking marijuana” with his
friends, D.U. and J.F. Appellant asked D.U. if he could borrow his car to sell drugs and
D.U. refused. Appellant then took D.U.’s car without permission and drove away. D.U.
and J.F. tried to call appellant on his cell phone but it had been shut off. Two days later,
D.U. reported the theft to the police. D.U. told the police that he withheld permission for
appellant to drive his car because appellant did not have a valid driver’s license and the
car was not insured. D.U. later learned that appellant crashed the car. The state charged
appellant with one felony count of theft of a motor vehicle in violation of Minn. Stat.
§§ 609.52, subd. 2(a)(17), 609.52, subd. 3(3)(d)(v), 609.101 (2012).
Appellant entered a plea of guilty to the crime as charged and the state agreed to a
Minnesota Sentencing Guidelines disposition, with a potential departure to probation if
appellant sought chemical dependency treatment. Appellant acknowledged in the plea
petition that he had been charged with the crime of motor vehicle use without consent
and understood that the maximum penalty the district court could impose for the crime
was five years. The district court judge then engaged in the following exchange with
appellant regarding the factual basis for the plea:
Q: And you had a car? A: Yes. Q: Whose car was that? A: [D.U.] ...
2 Q: Okay. Did he give you permission to take his car? A: It’s like he gave me – I guess I had the car longer than I was supposed to. Q: Okay. And so you were supposed to have that car back to him; is that right? A: Yes. Q: But you held on to it? A: Yes. Q: Kept it without his permission? A: Yes. Q: And for those reasons you would agree that you were at that point in fact stealing it; true? A: Yes, sir.
The district court concluded that appellant understood his rights, waived those rights, and
admitted facts establishing that he was guilty of the offense. The district court advised
appellant that in order to “stay out of prison,” he was expected to be successful in
treatment, remain “completely law-abiding,” cooperate with a presentence investigation,
and appear for the sentencing hearing.
The presentence investigation report later revealed that appellant did not contact
corrections or cooperate in the presentence investigation process. Appellant did not
provide proof that he had entered into a treatment program as required by the plea
agreement. Appellant also incurred a new charge in January 2014 for a vehicle-related
offense. Probation recommended a presumptive commitment to the commissioner of
corrections for a period of 23 months, with a sentence range of 20 to 27 months. When
appellant failed to appear for sentencing, the state indicated that it was no longer willing
to go along with a departure because appellant failed to cooperate with the court’s orders.
Appellant was later arrested on the resulting warrant and appeared for sentencing.
3 During the same time period, D.U. gave a statement to an investigator with the
public defender’s office in which he clarified that he gave appellant permission to drive
his car “for the day,” but appellant failed to return the car in a timely manner. Appellant
sought to withdraw his guilty plea in light of D.U.’s statement “recanting the allegations”
that appellant took his vehicle without permission. The district court denied the motion
and imposed a 23-month prison sentence. This appeal followed.
DECISION
Appellant claims that the district court abused its discretion by denying appellant’s
presentence motion to withdraw his guilty plea. A defendant does not have an absolute
right to withdraw a guilty plea. State v. Raleigh, 778 N.W.2d 90, 93 (Minn. 2010). The
decision of whether to withdraw a presentence guilty plea is left to the sound discretion
of the district court and will be reversed only in the “rare case” in which the district court
abused that discretion. Kim v. State, 434 N.W.2d 263, 266 (Minn. 1989).
A defendant is permitted to withdraw a guilty plea before sentencing if “it is fair
and just to do so.” Minn. R. Crim. P. 15.05, subd. 2. A district court considers two
factors under this standard: the reasons the defendant advances to support withdrawal of
the guilty plea, and whether granting the motion prejudices the state. Id. Underlying this
rule is the principle that “giving a defendant an absolute right to withdraw a plea before
sentence would undermine the integrity of the plea-taking process.” Kim, 434 N.W.2d at
266.
Under the first factor, the defendant bears the burden of advancing reasons to
support a plea withdrawal. Raleigh, 778 N.W.2d at 97. Appellant argued that D.U.
4 recanted the theft allegation, providing appellant with a defense to the charge. In its
written findings, the district court considered D.U.’s statement that he gave appellant
permission to use the car if appellant was “gonna be back today.” The district court
noted D.U.’s statement to the investigator that:
A: [I]t had been about a day, I went home, went to bed and then I woke up and then called him, his phone was off – his phone was off – I had actually tried calling him, his phone was off, he wasn’t answering anybody’s phone calls and then I guess he was on his way back to brin[g]ing the car to me when he crashed it. .... Q: and he just – he asked to take the car? A: Yep, and I said ‘Yeah if you’re gonna be back today.’
Based on its review of the record, the district court concluded that D.U.’s statement was
“consistent with the factual basis” set forth by appellant. And appellant acknowledged
during the plea hearing that he “had the car longer than [he] was supposed to” and “held
on to it” without D.U.’s permission. The district court asked appellant if he would agree
“that [he was] at that point in fact stealing it,” and appellant answered, “Yes, sir.” The
record establishes a factual basis for appellant’s guilty plea.
Moreover, Minnesota courts are generally hesitant to allow a defendant to
withdraw a guilty plea based upon a victim’s recantation. See, e.g., State v. Tuttle, 504
N.W.2d 252, 256-57 (Minn. App. 1993) (determining that victim’s recantation of charge
did not entitle defendant to withdraw guilty plea under the fair-and-just standard on
grounds that plea was based on mistaken belief of strength of state’s case); State v.
Risken, 331 N.W.2d 489, 490 (Minn. 1983) (holding that district court did not err in
accepting guilty plea despite witness’s recanted testimony because there was a sufficient
5 factual basis for defendant’s guilty plea). The evidence in the record, along with
appellant’s own admission of guilt, provided a valid factual basis for the district court’s
decision.
With respect to the second prong, appellant argues that the state did not claim it
would be prejudiced if the district court allowed appellant to withdraw his guilty plea.
“The [s]tate bears the burden of showing prejudice caused by withdrawal of a plea.”
Raleigh, 778 N.W.2d at 97. Here, the district court did not address any possible prejudice
to the state. But even where the state is not prejudiced, “a district court may deny plea
withdrawal under rule 15.05, subdivision 2, if the defendant fails to advance valid reasons
why withdrawal is fair and just.” State v. Cubas, 838 N.W.2d 220, 224 (Minn. App.
2013), review denied (Dec. 31, 2013). The district court found that appellant did not
satisfy his burden of showing that it was fair and just to allow him to withdraw his plea.
As such, the district court did not need to reach the issue of prejudice to the state.
In his pro se supplemental brief, appellant included a notarized letter written by
D.U. supporting appellant’s plea-withdrawal request. The state objects to consideration
of the letter, arguing that this court cannot consider matters outside the record on appeal.
We agree. This court generally does not consider evidence outside the record on appeal
in reaching a decision. State v. Breaux, 620 N.W.2d 326, 334 (Minn. App. 2001). The
record on appeal includes the papers filed in the district court, any exhibits, and the
transcript of the proceedings. Id. (quotation omitted). D.U.’s letter was not filed in
district court or considered by the district court judge and we therefore do not consider it.
Affirmed.