This opinion will be unpublished and may not be cited except as provided by Minn. Stat. § 480A.08, subd. 3 (2014).
STATE OF MINNESOTA IN COURT OF APPEALS A15-1327
State of Minnesota, Respondent,
vs.
David Arthur Barnes, Appellant.
Filed June 6, 2016 Affirmed Johnson, Judge
Chisago County District Court File No. 13-CR-14-731
Lori Swanson, Attorney General, St. Paul, Minnesota; and
Janet Reiter, Chisago County Attorney, David Hemming, Assistant County Attorney, Center City, Minnesota (for respondent)
Cathryn Middlebrook, Chief Appellate Public Defender, Michael W. Kunkel, Assistant Public Defender, St. Paul, Minnesota (for appellant)
Considered and decided by Reyes, Presiding Judge; Johnson, Judge; and Bratvold,
Judge. UNPUBLISHED OPINION
JOHNSON, Judge
David Arthur Barnes pleaded guilty to first-degree criminal sexual conduct. Before
sentencing, he moved for a downward dispositional departure. The district court denied
his motion and imposed a sentence within the presumptive guidelines range. We affirm.
FACTS
In November 2012, Barnes moved to Minnesota to live with his step-brother, T.P.,
who lived with his wife and two step-daughters, X.X. and Y.Y. In August 2014, after
Barnes had moved out of the home, X.X. told T.P. and his wife that she and Barnes had
engaged in sexual conduct. T.P. and his wife reported Barnes to the Chisago County
Sheriff’s Office.
In September 2014, the state charged Barnes with (1) first-degree criminal sexual
conduct, in violation of Minn. Stat. § 609.342, subd. 1(b) (2012), and (2) first-degree
criminal sexual conduct, in violation of Minn. Stat. § 609.342, subd. 1(h)(iii). In March
2015, Barnes pleaded guilty to count 2. He admitted that he engaged in sexual conduct
toward X.X. between 10 and 15 times when she was 15 years old, during which time he
was 28 years old. At the plea hearing, Barnes’s attorney said that he intended to bring a
motion for a downward dispositional departure at sentencing. In anticipation of Barnes’s
motion, the district court ordered Barnes to complete a sex-offender assessment.
Before sentencing, Barnes submitted the report of a dispositional advisor, who
recommended a downward dispositional departure. The dispositional advisor
recommended a departure because of Barnes’s age, limited criminal history, remorse,
2 cooperation, and support system. The dispositional advisor also highlighted the sex-
offender assessment, which stated that Barnes is amenable to outpatient sex-offender
treatment. The state opposed the motion and requested a presumptive guidelines sentence
of 144 months of imprisonment. See Minn. Sent. Guidelines 4.B (2012 & 2013). At
sentencing, Barnes made a personal statement expressing remorse. The district court
denied Barnes’s motion for a downward dispositional departure and imposed a presumptive
guidelines sentence of 144 months of imprisonment. Barnes appeals.
DECISION
Barnes argues that the district court erred by denying his motion for a downward
dispositional departure.
The Minnesota Sentencing Guidelines provide for a presumptive sentence for a
felony offense. Minn. Sent. Guidelines 2.C (2012 & 2013). The presumptive sentence is
“presumed to be appropriate for all typical cases sharing criminal history and offense
severity characteristics.” Minn. Sent. Guidelines 1.B.12 (2012 & 2013). Accordingly, a
district court “must pronounce a sentence within the applicable [presumptive] range unless
there exist identifiable, substantial, and compelling circumstances to support a” departure.
Minn. Sent. Guidelines 2.D.1 (2012 & 2013); see also State v. Kindem, 313 N.W.2d 6, 7
(Minn. 1981). If the district court departs from the presumptive guidelines range, the
district court is required to state the reason or reasons for the departure. Minn. Sent.
Guidelines 2.D.1.c. But if the district court does not depart, the district court is not required
to state reasons for imposing a guidelines sentence. State v. Johnson, 831 N.W.2d 917,
3 925 (Minn. App. 2013), review denied (Minn. Sept. 17, 2013); State v. Van Ruler, 378
N.W.2d 77, 80 (Minn. App. 1985).
A district court may grant a downward dispositional departure from the presumptive
guidelines range if a defendant has a “particular amenability to individualized treatment in
a probationary setting.” State v. Trog, 323 N.W.2d 28, 31 (Minn. 1982). In considering
whether a defendant is particularly amenable to probation so as to justify a downward
dispositional departure, a district court may consider, among other things, “the defendant’s
age, his prior record, his remorse, his cooperation, his attitude while in court, and the
support of friends and/or family.” Id. If the defendant requests a downward dispositional
departure, the district court must “deliberately consider[]” the factors that are urged by a
defendant in support of the motion. State v. Mendoza, 638 N.W.2d 480, 483 (Minn. App.
2002), review denied (Minn. Apr. 16, 2002). “[T]he mere fact that a mitigating factor is
present . . . does not obligate the court to place [a] defendant on probation.” State v. Pegel,
795 N.W.2d 251, 253 (Minn. App. 2011) (quotation omitted). Furthermore, if there are
valid reasons for refusing to depart, a district court is not obligated to depart based on the
existence of a mitigating factor. See State v. Bertsch, 707 N.W.2d 660, 668 (Minn. 2006);
Kindem, 313 N.W.2d at 7-8. This court applies a very deferential standard of review to a
district court’s denial of a defendant’s motion for a downward dispositional departure. See
Bertsch, 707 N.W.2d at 668. We will reverse such a decision only if the district court
abused its discretion. Pegel, 795 N.W.2d at 253.
In this case, the district court received oral argument from Barnes’s attorney and
Barnes’s personal statement at the sentencing hearing. The district court then addressed
4 Barnes directly and explained its reasoning and decision in detail. The district court began
by assuring Barnes that his arguments and statement had been fully considered:
Mr. Barnes, I have given this great consideration so I want you to understand that. I have reviewed the complaint, your plea hearing, the information provided by the dispositional advisor, the psychosexual evaluation that was completed, the Department of Corrections Pre-Sentence Investigation, and I have read them at least two to three times each.
The district court then reviewed the sentencing guidelines and the law concerning
departures from the presumptive guidelines sentence. The district court commented on
each of the mitigating factors put forward by Barnes’s attorney. Specifically, the district
court noted that Barnes is not as young as the defendant in Trog, that he has two prior
misdemeanor convictions, that he appears remorseful, that he has been cooperative during
court proceedings, and that he has limited family support. The district court then noted
that Barnes had committed a sexual offense over an extended period of time against a
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This opinion will be unpublished and may not be cited except as provided by Minn. Stat. § 480A.08, subd. 3 (2014).
STATE OF MINNESOTA IN COURT OF APPEALS A15-1327
State of Minnesota, Respondent,
vs.
David Arthur Barnes, Appellant.
Filed June 6, 2016 Affirmed Johnson, Judge
Chisago County District Court File No. 13-CR-14-731
Lori Swanson, Attorney General, St. Paul, Minnesota; and
Janet Reiter, Chisago County Attorney, David Hemming, Assistant County Attorney, Center City, Minnesota (for respondent)
Cathryn Middlebrook, Chief Appellate Public Defender, Michael W. Kunkel, Assistant Public Defender, St. Paul, Minnesota (for appellant)
Considered and decided by Reyes, Presiding Judge; Johnson, Judge; and Bratvold,
Judge. UNPUBLISHED OPINION
JOHNSON, Judge
David Arthur Barnes pleaded guilty to first-degree criminal sexual conduct. Before
sentencing, he moved for a downward dispositional departure. The district court denied
his motion and imposed a sentence within the presumptive guidelines range. We affirm.
FACTS
In November 2012, Barnes moved to Minnesota to live with his step-brother, T.P.,
who lived with his wife and two step-daughters, X.X. and Y.Y. In August 2014, after
Barnes had moved out of the home, X.X. told T.P. and his wife that she and Barnes had
engaged in sexual conduct. T.P. and his wife reported Barnes to the Chisago County
Sheriff’s Office.
In September 2014, the state charged Barnes with (1) first-degree criminal sexual
conduct, in violation of Minn. Stat. § 609.342, subd. 1(b) (2012), and (2) first-degree
criminal sexual conduct, in violation of Minn. Stat. § 609.342, subd. 1(h)(iii). In March
2015, Barnes pleaded guilty to count 2. He admitted that he engaged in sexual conduct
toward X.X. between 10 and 15 times when she was 15 years old, during which time he
was 28 years old. At the plea hearing, Barnes’s attorney said that he intended to bring a
motion for a downward dispositional departure at sentencing. In anticipation of Barnes’s
motion, the district court ordered Barnes to complete a sex-offender assessment.
Before sentencing, Barnes submitted the report of a dispositional advisor, who
recommended a downward dispositional departure. The dispositional advisor
recommended a departure because of Barnes’s age, limited criminal history, remorse,
2 cooperation, and support system. The dispositional advisor also highlighted the sex-
offender assessment, which stated that Barnes is amenable to outpatient sex-offender
treatment. The state opposed the motion and requested a presumptive guidelines sentence
of 144 months of imprisonment. See Minn. Sent. Guidelines 4.B (2012 & 2013). At
sentencing, Barnes made a personal statement expressing remorse. The district court
denied Barnes’s motion for a downward dispositional departure and imposed a presumptive
guidelines sentence of 144 months of imprisonment. Barnes appeals.
DECISION
Barnes argues that the district court erred by denying his motion for a downward
dispositional departure.
The Minnesota Sentencing Guidelines provide for a presumptive sentence for a
felony offense. Minn. Sent. Guidelines 2.C (2012 & 2013). The presumptive sentence is
“presumed to be appropriate for all typical cases sharing criminal history and offense
severity characteristics.” Minn. Sent. Guidelines 1.B.12 (2012 & 2013). Accordingly, a
district court “must pronounce a sentence within the applicable [presumptive] range unless
there exist identifiable, substantial, and compelling circumstances to support a” departure.
Minn. Sent. Guidelines 2.D.1 (2012 & 2013); see also State v. Kindem, 313 N.W.2d 6, 7
(Minn. 1981). If the district court departs from the presumptive guidelines range, the
district court is required to state the reason or reasons for the departure. Minn. Sent.
Guidelines 2.D.1.c. But if the district court does not depart, the district court is not required
to state reasons for imposing a guidelines sentence. State v. Johnson, 831 N.W.2d 917,
3 925 (Minn. App. 2013), review denied (Minn. Sept. 17, 2013); State v. Van Ruler, 378
N.W.2d 77, 80 (Minn. App. 1985).
A district court may grant a downward dispositional departure from the presumptive
guidelines range if a defendant has a “particular amenability to individualized treatment in
a probationary setting.” State v. Trog, 323 N.W.2d 28, 31 (Minn. 1982). In considering
whether a defendant is particularly amenable to probation so as to justify a downward
dispositional departure, a district court may consider, among other things, “the defendant’s
age, his prior record, his remorse, his cooperation, his attitude while in court, and the
support of friends and/or family.” Id. If the defendant requests a downward dispositional
departure, the district court must “deliberately consider[]” the factors that are urged by a
defendant in support of the motion. State v. Mendoza, 638 N.W.2d 480, 483 (Minn. App.
2002), review denied (Minn. Apr. 16, 2002). “[T]he mere fact that a mitigating factor is
present . . . does not obligate the court to place [a] defendant on probation.” State v. Pegel,
795 N.W.2d 251, 253 (Minn. App. 2011) (quotation omitted). Furthermore, if there are
valid reasons for refusing to depart, a district court is not obligated to depart based on the
existence of a mitigating factor. See State v. Bertsch, 707 N.W.2d 660, 668 (Minn. 2006);
Kindem, 313 N.W.2d at 7-8. This court applies a very deferential standard of review to a
district court’s denial of a defendant’s motion for a downward dispositional departure. See
Bertsch, 707 N.W.2d at 668. We will reverse such a decision only if the district court
abused its discretion. Pegel, 795 N.W.2d at 253.
In this case, the district court received oral argument from Barnes’s attorney and
Barnes’s personal statement at the sentencing hearing. The district court then addressed
4 Barnes directly and explained its reasoning and decision in detail. The district court began
by assuring Barnes that his arguments and statement had been fully considered:
Mr. Barnes, I have given this great consideration so I want you to understand that. I have reviewed the complaint, your plea hearing, the information provided by the dispositional advisor, the psychosexual evaluation that was completed, the Department of Corrections Pre-Sentence Investigation, and I have read them at least two to three times each.
The district court then reviewed the sentencing guidelines and the law concerning
departures from the presumptive guidelines sentence. The district court commented on
each of the mitigating factors put forward by Barnes’s attorney. Specifically, the district
court noted that Barnes is not as young as the defendant in Trog, that he has two prior
misdemeanor convictions, that he appears remorseful, that he has been cooperative during
court proceedings, and that he has limited family support. The district court then noted
that Barnes had committed a sexual offense over an extended period of time against a
young relative who previously had been a victim of sexual abuse. The district court
expressed concern that Barnes lacked understanding of the harmfulness of his conduct and
expressed doubt as to whether Barnes would be successful in outpatient sex-offender
treatment. The district court concluded by stating, “The Court finds based upon this
information that there are no substantial and compelling circumstances to sentence you
outside the sentencing guidelines grid. There are not enough mitigating factors to
overcome the presumptive sentence in this case.”
The district court’s careful attention to Barnes’s motion and the relevant factors
demonstrates that the district court “deliberately considered” the relevant factors and
5 exercised its discretion when it denied the motion. See Mendoza, 638 N.W.2d at 483. No
more is required. See Johnson, 831 N.W.2d at 925; Van Ruler, 378 N.W.2d at 80.
Furthermore, the district court’s stated reasons for denying Barnes’s motion are valid
reasons because a district court may consider offense-related factors when considering a
motion for a downward dispositional departure. See State v. Soto, 855 N.W.2d 303, 313
(Minn. 2014); State v. Chaklos, 528 N.W.2d 225, 228 (Minn. 1995); Kindem, 313 N.W.2d
at 7-8.
In sum, the district court did not err by denying Barnes’s motion for a downward
Affirmed.