This opinion will be unpublished and may not be cited except as provided by Minn. Stat. § 480A.08, subd. 3 (2012).
STATE OF MINNESOTA IN COURT OF APPEALS A13-1190
State of Minnesota, Respondent,
vs.
Brian Jeffrey Copeland, Appellant.
Filed September 8, 2014 Affirmed Schellhas, Judge
Olmsted County District Court File No. 55-CR-12-4531
Lori Swanson, Attorney General, St. Paul, Minnesota; and
Mark A. Ostrem, Olmsted County Attorney, James P. Spencer, Senior Assistant County Attorney, Rochester, Minnesota (for respondent)
Frank Arend Schulte, St. Paul, Minnesota (for appellant)
Considered and decided by Worke, Presiding Judge; Schellhas, Judge; and
Rodenberg, Judge.
UNPUBLISHED OPINION
SCHELLHAS, Judge
Appellant argues that his attorney in district court was ineffective and that the
district court abused its discretion by refusing to sentence him to a downward
dispositional departure. He also raises other arguments pro se. We affirm. FACTS
After respondent State of Minnesota charged appellant Brian Copeland with 11
counts of criminal sexual conduct against M.P., Copeland agreed to plead guilty to two
counts of second-degree criminal sexual conduct and one count of third-degree criminal
sexual conduct. The state agreed to dismiss the remaining counts. The parties
acknowledged that the state would seek a guidelines sentence and that Copeland could
seek a downward dispositional departure. At his plea hearing, as factual bases to support
his guilty pleas, Copeland admitted that in November 2002, when he was 18 years old
and his cousin, M.P., was 11 years old, he touched M.P.’s genitals; that in November
2003, when he was 19 years old and M.P. was 12 years old, he repeated this conduct;
and, in November 2008, when M.P. was 17 years old, he penetrated M.P.’s anus with his
finger.
The district court denied Copeland’s motion for a downward dispositional
departure and imposed concurrent sentences of 21 months’ imprisonment, 27 months’
imprisonment, and 60 months’ imprisonment.
This appeal follows.
DECISION
Claimed Ineffective Assistance of Counsel
Copeland argues that he received ineffective assistance of counsel in the district
court.
Ineffective-assistance-of-counsel claims are generally analyzed as trial errors under Strickland v. Washington[, 466 U.S. 668, 104 S. Ct. 2052 (1984)]. To prevail on a claim
2 under Strickland, an appellant must demonstrate that counsel’s performance fell below an objective standard of reasonableness, and that a reasonable probability exists that the outcome would have been different but for counsel’s errors.
Dereje v. State, 837 N.W.2d 714, 721 (Minn. 2013) (quotations omitted), cert. denied,
134 S. Ct. 1772 (2014). “Trial counsel’s performance is presumed to be reasonable,”
State v. Vang, 847 N.W.2d 248, 266 (Minn. 2014), and “a party claiming ineffective
assistance of counsel must prove both deficient performance and prejudice,” State v.
Dalbec, 800 N.W.2d 624, 627 (Minn. 2011).
“Generally, a direct appeal from a judgment of conviction is not the most
appropriate way to raise a claim of ineffective assistance of trial counsel because the
reviewing court does not have the benefit of all the facts concerning why defense counsel
did or did not do certain things.” Roby v. State, 531 N.W.2d 482, 484 n.1 (Minn. 1995)
(quotation omitted). “The best procedure for raising such a claim . . . is to file a petition
for postconviction relief before appeal.” McKenzie v. State, 754 N.W.2d 366, 369 n.3
(Minn. 2008) (quotations omitted). When the record is inadequate to support an
appellant’s claims, appellate courts may decline to review ineffective-assistance claims
on direct appeal. See, e.g., State v. Christian, 657 N.W.2d 186, 194 (Minn. 2003); State v.
Coe, 290 Minn. 537, 537−38, 188 N.W.2d 421, 422 (1971). But, here, we reach the
merits of Copeland’s ineffective-assistance claim and reject it because, even if his
unsupported allegations are true, his arguments are unpersuasive and any postconviction-
relief petition based on them would fail as a matter of law. Cf. Vang, 847 N.W.2d at 266
(“If the court concludes there are no material facts in dispute that preclude dismissal, and
3 the State is entitled to dismissal of the [postconviction-relief] petition as a matter of law,
the court is not required to hold an evidentiary hearing.”); Hughes v. State, 815 N.W.2d
602, 605 (Minn. 2012) (“Although we would ordinarily remand for further proceedings in
the postconviction court, we conclude that, in light of the specific facts of this case, the
interests of judicial economy will be served by our consideration of the merits of
Hughes’s restitution claims.”), cert. denied, 133 S. Ct. 856 (2013).
Many of Copeland’s factual assertions are not supported by the record. Copeland
argues that his attorney provided ineffective assistance in connection with his guilty plea,
but the only record facts on which he relies are that (1) his attorney represented him at the
plea hearing when she was not the attorney with whom he primarily prepared for the
hearing and (2) his attorney did not request a continuance. Without record support, he
alleges that his prior attorney advised him to plead not guilty but that, during a four-
minute pre-hearing discussion, his new attorney used “scare tactics” to convince him to
plead guilty. Copeland’s assertions are belied by the fact that, at the plea hearing, he
acknowledged that he had discussed with his prior attorney whether to plead guilty and
that his new attorney was simply “helping [him] enter this plea[,] . . . kind of finaliz[ing]
things.” He also acknowledged that he had not come to court with the expectation that he
would go to trial the next week and that he had been thinking about pleading guilty for a
while. Although Copeland argues on appeal that he was coerced into pleading guilty,
nothing in the record suggests that his answers at the plea hearing were a result of
improper pressure or coercion. Cf. State v. Raleigh, 778 N.W.2d 90, 96 (Minn. 2010)
4 (rejecting Raleigh’s argument that his plea was involuntary when he provided inadequate
explanation as to how improper pressure or coercion influenced his decision).
Copeland also argues that his attorney provided ineffective assistance in
connection with his sentence, asserting that his attorney should have argued that a victim
advocate, not the victim, authored the victim-impact statement; the state misread a
portion of the victim-impact statement to the district court; and “[his attorney] could
show victim testimony and charges against [Copeland] that directly contradict each
other.” Copeland argues that his attorney indicated that she may have lost some of “seven
letters to the Court in support of Mr.
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This opinion will be unpublished and may not be cited except as provided by Minn. Stat. § 480A.08, subd. 3 (2012).
STATE OF MINNESOTA IN COURT OF APPEALS A13-1190
State of Minnesota, Respondent,
vs.
Brian Jeffrey Copeland, Appellant.
Filed September 8, 2014 Affirmed Schellhas, Judge
Olmsted County District Court File No. 55-CR-12-4531
Lori Swanson, Attorney General, St. Paul, Minnesota; and
Mark A. Ostrem, Olmsted County Attorney, James P. Spencer, Senior Assistant County Attorney, Rochester, Minnesota (for respondent)
Frank Arend Schulte, St. Paul, Minnesota (for appellant)
Considered and decided by Worke, Presiding Judge; Schellhas, Judge; and
Rodenberg, Judge.
UNPUBLISHED OPINION
SCHELLHAS, Judge
Appellant argues that his attorney in district court was ineffective and that the
district court abused its discretion by refusing to sentence him to a downward
dispositional departure. He also raises other arguments pro se. We affirm. FACTS
After respondent State of Minnesota charged appellant Brian Copeland with 11
counts of criminal sexual conduct against M.P., Copeland agreed to plead guilty to two
counts of second-degree criminal sexual conduct and one count of third-degree criminal
sexual conduct. The state agreed to dismiss the remaining counts. The parties
acknowledged that the state would seek a guidelines sentence and that Copeland could
seek a downward dispositional departure. At his plea hearing, as factual bases to support
his guilty pleas, Copeland admitted that in November 2002, when he was 18 years old
and his cousin, M.P., was 11 years old, he touched M.P.’s genitals; that in November
2003, when he was 19 years old and M.P. was 12 years old, he repeated this conduct;
and, in November 2008, when M.P. was 17 years old, he penetrated M.P.’s anus with his
finger.
The district court denied Copeland’s motion for a downward dispositional
departure and imposed concurrent sentences of 21 months’ imprisonment, 27 months’
imprisonment, and 60 months’ imprisonment.
This appeal follows.
DECISION
Claimed Ineffective Assistance of Counsel
Copeland argues that he received ineffective assistance of counsel in the district
court.
Ineffective-assistance-of-counsel claims are generally analyzed as trial errors under Strickland v. Washington[, 466 U.S. 668, 104 S. Ct. 2052 (1984)]. To prevail on a claim
2 under Strickland, an appellant must demonstrate that counsel’s performance fell below an objective standard of reasonableness, and that a reasonable probability exists that the outcome would have been different but for counsel’s errors.
Dereje v. State, 837 N.W.2d 714, 721 (Minn. 2013) (quotations omitted), cert. denied,
134 S. Ct. 1772 (2014). “Trial counsel’s performance is presumed to be reasonable,”
State v. Vang, 847 N.W.2d 248, 266 (Minn. 2014), and “a party claiming ineffective
assistance of counsel must prove both deficient performance and prejudice,” State v.
Dalbec, 800 N.W.2d 624, 627 (Minn. 2011).
“Generally, a direct appeal from a judgment of conviction is not the most
appropriate way to raise a claim of ineffective assistance of trial counsel because the
reviewing court does not have the benefit of all the facts concerning why defense counsel
did or did not do certain things.” Roby v. State, 531 N.W.2d 482, 484 n.1 (Minn. 1995)
(quotation omitted). “The best procedure for raising such a claim . . . is to file a petition
for postconviction relief before appeal.” McKenzie v. State, 754 N.W.2d 366, 369 n.3
(Minn. 2008) (quotations omitted). When the record is inadequate to support an
appellant’s claims, appellate courts may decline to review ineffective-assistance claims
on direct appeal. See, e.g., State v. Christian, 657 N.W.2d 186, 194 (Minn. 2003); State v.
Coe, 290 Minn. 537, 537−38, 188 N.W.2d 421, 422 (1971). But, here, we reach the
merits of Copeland’s ineffective-assistance claim and reject it because, even if his
unsupported allegations are true, his arguments are unpersuasive and any postconviction-
relief petition based on them would fail as a matter of law. Cf. Vang, 847 N.W.2d at 266
(“If the court concludes there are no material facts in dispute that preclude dismissal, and
3 the State is entitled to dismissal of the [postconviction-relief] petition as a matter of law,
the court is not required to hold an evidentiary hearing.”); Hughes v. State, 815 N.W.2d
602, 605 (Minn. 2012) (“Although we would ordinarily remand for further proceedings in
the postconviction court, we conclude that, in light of the specific facts of this case, the
interests of judicial economy will be served by our consideration of the merits of
Hughes’s restitution claims.”), cert. denied, 133 S. Ct. 856 (2013).
Many of Copeland’s factual assertions are not supported by the record. Copeland
argues that his attorney provided ineffective assistance in connection with his guilty plea,
but the only record facts on which he relies are that (1) his attorney represented him at the
plea hearing when she was not the attorney with whom he primarily prepared for the
hearing and (2) his attorney did not request a continuance. Without record support, he
alleges that his prior attorney advised him to plead not guilty but that, during a four-
minute pre-hearing discussion, his new attorney used “scare tactics” to convince him to
plead guilty. Copeland’s assertions are belied by the fact that, at the plea hearing, he
acknowledged that he had discussed with his prior attorney whether to plead guilty and
that his new attorney was simply “helping [him] enter this plea[,] . . . kind of finaliz[ing]
things.” He also acknowledged that he had not come to court with the expectation that he
would go to trial the next week and that he had been thinking about pleading guilty for a
while. Although Copeland argues on appeal that he was coerced into pleading guilty,
nothing in the record suggests that his answers at the plea hearing were a result of
improper pressure or coercion. Cf. State v. Raleigh, 778 N.W.2d 90, 96 (Minn. 2010)
4 (rejecting Raleigh’s argument that his plea was involuntary when he provided inadequate
explanation as to how improper pressure or coercion influenced his decision).
Copeland also argues that his attorney provided ineffective assistance in
connection with his sentence, asserting that his attorney should have argued that a victim
advocate, not the victim, authored the victim-impact statement; the state misread a
portion of the victim-impact statement to the district court; and “[his attorney] could
show victim testimony and charges against [Copeland] that directly contradict each
other.” Copeland argues that his attorney indicated that she may have lost some of “seven
letters to the Court in support of Mr. Copeland” and that this showed how “disconnected
[she] was to [his] case.” Without record support, Copeland maintains that his attorney
failed to communicate with him between the plea and sentencing hearings and that a
college intern prepared a PowerPoint presentation given to the district court at
sentencing. But Copeland fails to explain how such conduct overcomes the presumption
that his attorney’s performance was reasonable. See Vang, 847 N.W.2d at 266. This is
particularly true in light of his attorney’s zealous representation at the sentencing hearing,
when she argued for a downward dispositional departure. The record reveals that the
attorney displayed a thorough understanding of Copeland’s case and his troubled past;
family conflict about his sexual orientation; extensive support from family and friends;
steady employment; psychosexual-evaluation results, indicating that Copeland is not a
pedophile; and recent involvement in therapy. Copeland’s mere assertions about his
attorney’s ineffectiveness are unpersuasive, particularly in light of the “strong
presumption” that we “must indulge . . . that counsel’s conduct falls within the wide
5 range of reasonable professional assistance” or, said another way, that “the challenged
action might be considered sound trial strategy.” Strickland, 466 U.S. at 689, 104 S. Ct. at
2065 (quotation omitted).
Requested Downward Dispositional Departure
The presumptive sentences for Copeland’s offenses of second-degree criminal
sexual conduct were stayed sentences of 21 months and 27 months,1 and the presumptive
sentence for Copeland’s offense of third-degree criminal sexual conduct was an executed
sentence of 70 months, the middle of the 60–84 month presumptive range. The district
court sentenced Copeland to 60 months’ imprisonment, the bottom of the presumptive
range. Copeland challenges the district court’s denial of his motion for a downward
dispositional departure as to this sentence. He argues that the district court abused its
discretion in light of his remorse; his low-to-moderate risk of reoffending; the absence of
evidence of him reoffending; his suppressive religious upbringing; and his assertion that
he “has begun to reconcile himself with his sexuality and has transcended his attraction to
his younger cousin,” which he argues that he demonstrated by having a homosexual
relationship with an adult man, noted in the presentence investigation report. The record
reflects that the district court carefully considered all of Copeland’s arguments.
Appellate courts review the district court’s refusal to depart for an abuse of
discretion. State v. Bertsch, 707 N.W.2d 660, 668 (Minn. 2006). “[E]ven if there are
grounds that would justify departure,” we “will not ordinarily interfere with a sentence
1 The district court executed Copeland’s 21-month and 27-month sentences on Copeland’s request.
6 falling within the presumptive sentence range.” Id. (quotation omitted). “Departures from
the presumptive sentence are justified only when substantial and compelling
circumstances are present in the record.” State v. Jackson, 749 N.W.2d 353, 360 (Minn.
2008). “[I]t would be a rare case which would warrant reversal of the refusal to depart.”
State v. Kindem, 313 N.W.2d 6, 7 (Minn. 1981). This case is not such a rare case. We
conclude that the district court did not abuse its discretion by refusing to grant
Copeland’s request for a downward dispositional departure.
Pro Se Arguments
Copeland argues in his pro se supplemental brief that the district court erred by
ordering him to complete conditional release after he completed his sentences of
incarceration and supervised release. He argues that the court retroactively applied a new
rule announced in State ex rel. Peterson v. Fabian, 784 N.W.2d 843 (Minn. App. 2010),
to his November 2002, November 2003, and November 2008 offenses. Copeland’s
argument lacks merit because the court did not apply Peterson. The court instead ordered
Copeland to serve “10 years on conditional release, minus any time served on supervised
release.” Consequently, we do not reach Copeland’s Blakely–Apprendi argument that he
premises on his belief that, in Peterson, we announced a new rule that the district court
applied retroactively in this case.
Copeland also argues pro se that the district court erred by requiring him to
register as a predatory offender for ten years when “in reality it is lifetime registration”
because, before he pleaded guilty to third-degree criminal sexual conduct, he pleaded
guilty to two second-degree criminal-sexual-conduct counts. But the district court did not
7 impose a lifetime-registration requirement; it imposed a registration requirement as a
condition of his ten-year conditional-release term. We decline to address his argument
because doing so would amount to an advisory opinion concerning error that did not
occur. See Schowalter v. State, 822 N.W.2d 292, 298 (Minn. 2012) (“[W]e do not issue
advisory opinions.”).
Copeland also argues pro se that the prosecutor “changed the dates of all eleven
counts” after sentencing and that the district court erred by increasing the severity of his
“case” by applying the Hernandez method of sentencing. These arguments are
unpersuasive. The dates in the only complaint in the record, filed about nine months
before sentencing, display no signs of alteration. And, regardless, Copeland’s convictions
were based on his guilty pleas, not the complaint. See Rickert v. State, 795 N.W.2d 236,
243 (Minn. 2011) (“Like a verdict of a jury[, a guilty plea] is conclusive. More is not
required; the court has nothing to do but give judgment and sentence.” (quotation
omitted)). And, as to the district court’s method of sentencing, Copeland fails to support
his argument with citations to the record or legal authority. See State v. Sterling, 834
N.W.2d 162, 177 n.3 (Minn. 2013) (“To the extent that Sterling’s assertions in his pro se
brief are intended to raise other claims without citation to the record or legal authority,
we conclude that those claims, whatever they may be, fail.”).
Affirmed.