This opinion will be unpublished and may not be cited except as provided by Minn. Stat. § 480A.08, subd. 3 (2014).
STATE OF MINNESOTA IN COURT OF APPEALS A13-1664
State of Minnesota, Respondent,
vs.
Ali John Moin, Appellant.
Filed March 16, 2015 Affirmed Johnson, Judge
Hennepin County District Court File No. 27-CR-13-1029
Lori Swanson, Attorney General, St. Paul, Minnesota; and
Sandra H. Johnson, Bloomington City Attorney, Torrie J. Schneider, Assistant City Attorney, Bloomington, Minnesota (for respondent)
Casey T. Rundquist, Law Offices of William J. Mauzy, Minneapolis, Minnesota (for appellant)
Considered and decided by Halbrooks, Presiding Judge; Johnson, Judge; and
Larkin, Judge. UNPUBLISHED OPINION
JOHNSON, Judge
Ali John Moin was found guilty of fourth-degree driving while impaired after a
stipulated-evidence court trial. On appeal, Moin challenges the denial of his petition for
postconviction relief. He argues that evidence of a breath test should have been
suppressed before trial because his consent to the breath test was not valid. We conclude
that we cannot engage in appellate review because Moin did not order a transcript of the
hearing at which the postconviction court orally made findings of fact and denied the
postconviction petition. Therefore, we affirm.
FACTS
On the evening of January 10, 2013, State Trooper Peter Schultz stopped the
vehicle Moin was driving after the trooper observed him weave between the right lane
and the shoulder and observed him exit the highway without using his turn signal.
Trooper Schultz smelled alcohol on Moin’s breath and noticed that Moin’s speech was
slurred and that his eyes were watery. Moin admitted that he had consumed two or three
drinks. Trooper Schultz asked Moin to perform field sobriety tests and to submit to a
preliminary breath test, and those tests indicated that Moin was impaired. Trooper
Schultz arrested Moin for driving while impaired (DWI). Trooper Schultz transported
Moin to the Hennepin County jail and read him the implied-consent advisory. Moin
declined to speak with an attorney and agreed to a breath test, which indicated an alcohol
concentration of .17.
2 In January 2013, the state charged Moin with fourth-degree DWI. In May 2013,
Moin moved to suppress evidence of the breath test on the ground that Trooper Schultz
did not obtain a search warrant. The state and Moin entered into a stipulation of facts,
which recited the basic facts of Moin’s arrest, as described in the police report. The
district court denied Moin’s motion in August 2013, without receiving any additional
evidence, in a 29-page order and memorandum. The state and Moin then agreed to a
stipulated-evidence court trial. See Minn. R. Crim. P. 26.01, subd. 4. The district court
found Moin guilty.
In September 2013, Moin filed a notice of appeal. In October 2013, this court
stayed Moin’s appeal pending the supreme court’s release of its opinion in State v.
Brooks, 838 N.W.2d 563 (Minn. 2013), cert. denied, 134 S. Ct. 1799 (2014). See Minn.
App. Spec. R. Pract. 1 (“If a case pending in the Supreme Court will be dispositive of a
case pending before the Court of Appeals, the Chief Judge may order that scheduling be
deferred until the Supreme Court has acted.”). After the supreme court issued its opinion
in Brooks, the parties filed a joint motion for a remand for postconviction proceedings to
allow the district court to engage in additional fact-finding on the question whether Moin
voluntarily consented to the breath test. See Minn. R. Crim. P. 28.02, subd. 4(4). In
February 2014, this court granted the joint motion and again stayed the appeal.
In March 2014, Moin filed a petition for postconviction relief and requested an
evidentiary hearing. In May 2014, the district court held a hearing on the petition.
According to Moin’s attorney, the district court informed counsel that it had viewed a
squad-car video-recording but would not receive additional evidence. According to the
3 representations of both counsel, the district court made oral findings of fact concerning
the issue of Moin’s consent but did not issue a written order.
In June 2014, this court issued an order reinstating the appeal, which specifically
required Moin to file a written request for transcripts or to notify the clerk of the appellate
courts and opposing counsel that a transcript is not required. The parties proceeded to
file their respective briefs, and the matter was submitted with oral argument.
DECISION
Moin argues that the district court’s pre-trial ruling and the postconviction court’s
ruling should be reversed because he did not consent to the breath test that indicated an
alcohol concentration of .17.
The Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution provides:
The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.
U.S. Const. amend. IV; see also Minn. Const. art. I, § 10. A test of a person’s breath
constitutes a search for purposes of the Fourth Amendment. Skinner v. Railway Labor
Execs.’ Ass’n, 489 U.S. 602, 616–17, 109 S. Ct. 1402, 1413 (1989); State v. Netland, 762
N.W.2d 202, 212 (Minn. 2009), abrogated in part by Missouri v. McNeely, 133 S. Ct.
1552, 1568 (2013), as recognized in Brooks, 838 N.W.2d at 567. As a general rule, a
search requires either a warrant or an exception to the warrant requirement, such as the
person’s consent, Brooks, 838 N.W.2d at 568; the existence of exigent circumstances,
4 McNeely, 133 S. Ct. at 1558; or a valid arrest, State v. Bernard, ___ N.W.2d ___, ___,
2015 WL 543160, at *4 (Minn. Feb. 11, 2015). Whether a person has voluntarily
consented to a search is a factual determination. State v. Diede, 795 N.W.2d 836, 853
(Minn. 2011). A district court makes this determination by considering “the totality of
the circumstances, including the nature of the encounter, the kind of person the defendant
is, and what was said and how it was said.” Brooks, 838 N.W.2d at 569 (quotations
omitted). This court applies a clear-error standard of review to a district court’s finding
that a driver has validly consented to a breath test. Jasper v. Commissioner of Pub.
Safety, 642 N.W.2d 435, 440 (Minn. 2002).
In its responsive brief, the state first argues that this court should dismiss Moin’s
appeal on the ground that he did not provide an adequate record for appellate review
because he failed to order a transcript of the postconviction hearing. The applicable rule
of appellate procedure provides:
Within ten days after filing the notice of appeal, the appellant shall:
(a) pursuant to subdivision 2 of this rule, order from the reporter a transcript of those parts of the proceedings not already part of the record which are deemed necessary for inclusion in the record; or
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This opinion will be unpublished and may not be cited except as provided by Minn. Stat. § 480A.08, subd. 3 (2014).
STATE OF MINNESOTA IN COURT OF APPEALS A13-1664
State of Minnesota, Respondent,
vs.
Ali John Moin, Appellant.
Filed March 16, 2015 Affirmed Johnson, Judge
Hennepin County District Court File No. 27-CR-13-1029
Lori Swanson, Attorney General, St. Paul, Minnesota; and
Sandra H. Johnson, Bloomington City Attorney, Torrie J. Schneider, Assistant City Attorney, Bloomington, Minnesota (for respondent)
Casey T. Rundquist, Law Offices of William J. Mauzy, Minneapolis, Minnesota (for appellant)
Considered and decided by Halbrooks, Presiding Judge; Johnson, Judge; and
Larkin, Judge. UNPUBLISHED OPINION
JOHNSON, Judge
Ali John Moin was found guilty of fourth-degree driving while impaired after a
stipulated-evidence court trial. On appeal, Moin challenges the denial of his petition for
postconviction relief. He argues that evidence of a breath test should have been
suppressed before trial because his consent to the breath test was not valid. We conclude
that we cannot engage in appellate review because Moin did not order a transcript of the
hearing at which the postconviction court orally made findings of fact and denied the
postconviction petition. Therefore, we affirm.
FACTS
On the evening of January 10, 2013, State Trooper Peter Schultz stopped the
vehicle Moin was driving after the trooper observed him weave between the right lane
and the shoulder and observed him exit the highway without using his turn signal.
Trooper Schultz smelled alcohol on Moin’s breath and noticed that Moin’s speech was
slurred and that his eyes were watery. Moin admitted that he had consumed two or three
drinks. Trooper Schultz asked Moin to perform field sobriety tests and to submit to a
preliminary breath test, and those tests indicated that Moin was impaired. Trooper
Schultz arrested Moin for driving while impaired (DWI). Trooper Schultz transported
Moin to the Hennepin County jail and read him the implied-consent advisory. Moin
declined to speak with an attorney and agreed to a breath test, which indicated an alcohol
concentration of .17.
2 In January 2013, the state charged Moin with fourth-degree DWI. In May 2013,
Moin moved to suppress evidence of the breath test on the ground that Trooper Schultz
did not obtain a search warrant. The state and Moin entered into a stipulation of facts,
which recited the basic facts of Moin’s arrest, as described in the police report. The
district court denied Moin’s motion in August 2013, without receiving any additional
evidence, in a 29-page order and memorandum. The state and Moin then agreed to a
stipulated-evidence court trial. See Minn. R. Crim. P. 26.01, subd. 4. The district court
found Moin guilty.
In September 2013, Moin filed a notice of appeal. In October 2013, this court
stayed Moin’s appeal pending the supreme court’s release of its opinion in State v.
Brooks, 838 N.W.2d 563 (Minn. 2013), cert. denied, 134 S. Ct. 1799 (2014). See Minn.
App. Spec. R. Pract. 1 (“If a case pending in the Supreme Court will be dispositive of a
case pending before the Court of Appeals, the Chief Judge may order that scheduling be
deferred until the Supreme Court has acted.”). After the supreme court issued its opinion
in Brooks, the parties filed a joint motion for a remand for postconviction proceedings to
allow the district court to engage in additional fact-finding on the question whether Moin
voluntarily consented to the breath test. See Minn. R. Crim. P. 28.02, subd. 4(4). In
February 2014, this court granted the joint motion and again stayed the appeal.
In March 2014, Moin filed a petition for postconviction relief and requested an
evidentiary hearing. In May 2014, the district court held a hearing on the petition.
According to Moin’s attorney, the district court informed counsel that it had viewed a
squad-car video-recording but would not receive additional evidence. According to the
3 representations of both counsel, the district court made oral findings of fact concerning
the issue of Moin’s consent but did not issue a written order.
In June 2014, this court issued an order reinstating the appeal, which specifically
required Moin to file a written request for transcripts or to notify the clerk of the appellate
courts and opposing counsel that a transcript is not required. The parties proceeded to
file their respective briefs, and the matter was submitted with oral argument.
DECISION
Moin argues that the district court’s pre-trial ruling and the postconviction court’s
ruling should be reversed because he did not consent to the breath test that indicated an
alcohol concentration of .17.
The Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution provides:
The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.
U.S. Const. amend. IV; see also Minn. Const. art. I, § 10. A test of a person’s breath
constitutes a search for purposes of the Fourth Amendment. Skinner v. Railway Labor
Execs.’ Ass’n, 489 U.S. 602, 616–17, 109 S. Ct. 1402, 1413 (1989); State v. Netland, 762
N.W.2d 202, 212 (Minn. 2009), abrogated in part by Missouri v. McNeely, 133 S. Ct.
1552, 1568 (2013), as recognized in Brooks, 838 N.W.2d at 567. As a general rule, a
search requires either a warrant or an exception to the warrant requirement, such as the
person’s consent, Brooks, 838 N.W.2d at 568; the existence of exigent circumstances,
4 McNeely, 133 S. Ct. at 1558; or a valid arrest, State v. Bernard, ___ N.W.2d ___, ___,
2015 WL 543160, at *4 (Minn. Feb. 11, 2015). Whether a person has voluntarily
consented to a search is a factual determination. State v. Diede, 795 N.W.2d 836, 853
(Minn. 2011). A district court makes this determination by considering “the totality of
the circumstances, including the nature of the encounter, the kind of person the defendant
is, and what was said and how it was said.” Brooks, 838 N.W.2d at 569 (quotations
omitted). This court applies a clear-error standard of review to a district court’s finding
that a driver has validly consented to a breath test. Jasper v. Commissioner of Pub.
Safety, 642 N.W.2d 435, 440 (Minn. 2002).
In its responsive brief, the state first argues that this court should dismiss Moin’s
appeal on the ground that he did not provide an adequate record for appellate review
because he failed to order a transcript of the postconviction hearing. The applicable rule
of appellate procedure provides:
Within ten days after filing the notice of appeal, the appellant shall:
(a) pursuant to subdivision 2 of this rule, order from the reporter a transcript of those parts of the proceedings not already part of the record which are deemed necessary for inclusion in the record; or
(b) file a notice of intent to proceed pursuant to Rule 110.03 or Rule 110.04; or
(c) notify the respondent in writing that no transcript or statement will be ordered or prepared.
Minn. R. Civ. App. P. 110.02, subd. 1. If a transcript is necessary for the proper
consideration of the issues presented on appeal but the appellant has not submitted the
5 necessary transcript, this court will not consider the merits of the appeal. See State v.
Anderson, 351 N.W.2d 1, 2 (Minn. 1984); Godbout v. Norton, 262 N.W.2d 374, 376
(Minn. 1977); Custom Farm Servs., Inc. v. Collins, 306 Minn. 571, 572, 238 N.W.2d 608,
609 (1976); Noltimier v. Noltimier, 280 Minn. 28, 29, 157 N.W.2d 530, 531 (1968);
Collins v. Waconia Dodge, Inc., 793 N.W.2d 142, 146 (Minn. App. 2011), review denied
(Minn. Mar. 15, 2011); State v. Heithecker, 395 N.W.2d 382, 383 (Minn. App. 1986);
Fritz v. Fritz, 390 N.W.2d 924, 925 (Minn. App. 1986).
Moin did not order a transcript of the postconviction hearing. He also did not
notify the clerk of appellate courts and opposing counsel that no transcript is necessary,
as required by rule 110.02, subdivision 1, and by the order that reinstated the appeal.
Moin’s argument for reversal is that he did not consent to the breath test. His appellate
argument challenges the postconviction court’s denial of his petition for postconviction
relief.
Moin did not file a reply brief and, thus, did not reply in writing to the state’s
responsive argument. At oral argument, Moin’s attorney argued that a transcript is not
necessary because the postconviction court did not conduct an evidentiary hearing but,
rather, relied primarily on the stipulated record that was submitted to the district court for
the pre-trial motion to suppress. But a transcript is necessary in this appeal for a more
fundamental reason: according to counsel for both parties, the postconviction court made
findings and announced its decision orally at the postconviction hearing. Without a
transcript, this court cannot know the postconviction court’s findings of facts and the
reasons for its decision. In other words, without a transcript, this court has no way of
6 determining whether the postconviction court’s findings of facts are clearly erroneous or
whether the postconviction court properly considered the totality of the circumstances
surrounding Moin’s consent to the breath test. See Brooks, 838 N.W.2d at 569.
We conclude that a transcript of the postconviction hearing is necessary to review
the postconviction court’s decision and that, without such a transcript, we are unable to
engaged in meaningful appellate review of the postconviction court’s decision.
Therefore, we affirm. See Anderson, 351 N.W.2d at 2; Heithecker, 395 N.W.2d at 383.
Affirmed.