State of Louisiana v. Terrance James

• Court: Louisiana Court of Appeal
• Decided: November 6, 2019
• Docket: 2019-K-0715
• Status: Published

Opinion

STATE OF LOUISIANA * NO. 2019-K-0715

VERSUS * COURT OF APPEAL TERRANCE JAMES * FOURTH CIRCUIT * STATE OF LOUISIANA *******

APPLICATION FOR WRITS DIRECTED TO CRIMINAL DISTRICT COURT ORLEANS PARISH NO. 416-136, SECTION “E” Honorable Keva M. Landrum-Johnson, Judge ****** Judge Regina Bartholomew-Woods ****** (Court composed of Judge Terri F. Love, Judge Sandra Cabrina Jenkins, Judge Regina Bartholomew-Woods)

JENKINS, J., DISSENTS WITH REASONS

Terrance James, 433957 Dixon Correctional Institute P.O. Box 788 U-1-A Jackson, LA 70748 -- 0788

RELATOR/PRO SE DEFENDANT

Leon Cannizzaro DISTRICT ATTORNEY Donna Andrieu Chief of Appeals 619 S. White Street New Orleans, LA 70119

COUNSEL FOR THE STATE OF LOUISIANA/APPELLEE

WRIT GRANTED NOVEMBER 6, 2019 WRIT GRANTED

Relator seeks supervisory review of the district court’s August 5, 2019

ruling denying his application for post-conviction relief as untimely pursuant to La.

C.Cr.P. art. 930.8(A). Relator argues that his plea of guilty for a violation of La.

R.S. 122 has been invalidated by Seals v. McBee, 898 F.3d 587 (5th Cir. 2018),

which held that “insofar as it criminalizes ‘threats,’ [La. R.S.] 14:122 is

unconstitutionally overbroad.” Because we find, for the reasons to follow, that

Relator’s application for post-conviction relief is timely pursuant to La. C.Cr.P.

arts. 930.3 (5) and 930.8(A)(2) and that Seals is retroactive in application, we grant

the writ, reverse the ruling of the trial court, and vacate Relator’s conviction in

violation of La. R.S. 14:122.

1 FACTUAL BACKGROUND AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

Relator pleaded guilty1 to count one: possession of cocaine, in violation of

La. R.S. 40:967, and count two: public intimidation, in violation of La. R.S.

14:122.2

DISCUSSION

Relator asserts that, while being arrested for possession of cocaine, he

threatened to have the officers fired for beating and pepper spraying him. Relator

further asserts that he did not use force or violence when resisting arrest. Similarly,

in Seals, the defendant asserted that he was pepper sprayed, verbally objected to

his arrest, and threatened to make complaints about the officer’s conduct.

Recognizing such threats as “part of the core First Amendment rights ‘by which we

distinguish [our] free nation from a police state,’” the United States Court of

Appeals, Fifth Circuit held La. R.S. 14:122’s criminalization of such threats

unconstitutionally overbroad.

1 As to count one, the district court sentenced Relator to two (2) years at hard labor in the custody of the Department of Corrections. As to count two, the district court sentenced Relator to one (1) year at hard labor in the custody of the Department of Corrections. The district court ordered Relator’s sentences to be served consecutively. The Court suspended Relator’s sentences and placed him on two (2) years active probation with special conditions as to count one and as to count two, one (1) year active probation with special conditions to be served concurrently. 2 La. R.S. 14:122(A)(1) provides:

A. Public intimidation is the use of violence, force, extortionate threats, or true threats upon any of the following persons, with the intent to influence his conduct in relation to his position, employment, or duty:

(1) Public officer or public employee.

2 Timeliness

While the district court, in its August 5, 2019 judgment denying Relator’s

application for post-conviction relief, stated that Relator’s application was time-

barred by La. C. Cr. P. art. 930.8(A)(2), Relator asserted that his application for

post-conviction relief is timely pursuant to La. C. Cr. P. arts. 930.3(5)3 and

930.8(A)(2)4. Relator further argues that, in accordance with La. C. Cr. P. art.

930.8(A)(2), Seals is a final ruling by an appellate court, specifically, the United

States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit, and that his application for post-conviction

relief was filed in June 2019, within one (1) year of the Seals decision in August

2018.5 Relator further argues that his application for post-conviction relief should

be granted pursuant to La. C. Cr. P. art. 930.3(5). Although Relator has completed

his sentence, the Louisiana Supreme Court has held that “[t]he fact that one

convicted of a crime has served his sentence does not render a subsequent attack

on a constitutionally invalid conviction moot where the conviction is attended with

collateral consequences, such as vulnerability to a multip[l]e offender proceeding

3 La. C. Cr. P. art. 930.3 (5) provides, in pertinent part:

If the petitioner is in custody after sentence for conviction for an offense, relief shall be granted only on the following grounds:

...

(5) The statute creating the offense for which he was convicted and sentenced is unconstitutional; or 4 La. C. Cr. P. art. 930.8(A)(2) provides:

The claim asserted in the petition is based upon a final ruling of an appellate court establishing a theretofore unknown interpretation of constitutional law and petitioner establishes that this interpretation is retroactively applicable to his case, and the petition is filed within one year of the finality of such ruling. 5 An en banc rehearing has been denied and no further appeals have been taken.

3 and a possible enhanced sentence.” State ex rel. Becnel v. Blackburn, 410 So.2d

1015, 1017 (La.1982). Relator argues, and we agree, that he, like the petitioner in

Becnel, has been convicted of a subsequent offense and has been sentenced as a

multiple offender. Thus, making the fact that he has completed his sentence

irrelevant to the conclusion we reach today.

Retroactive Application

To show the retroactive application of Seals to his conviction in violation of

La. R.S. 14:122, Relator relies on State ex rel. Parker v. Skinner, Judge, 148 La.

143, 86 So. 716 (1920), in which the Louisiana Supreme Court opined that “an

unconstitutional statute is null and void, has no legal existence whatever, and is no

statute. Hence, if that part of the statute under which the indictment is framed has

no legal existence, it follows that the defendant has been convicted of an offense,

which in reality is unknown to the laws of this state.” Considering that the Seals

decision is substantive in nature, rather than merely procedural, “[s]uch rules apply

retroactively because they ‘necessarily carry a significant risk that a defendant

stands convicted of ‘an act that the law does not make criminal’ ’ or faces a

punishment that the law cannot impose upon him.” Schriro v. Summerlin, 542 U.S.

348, 352; 124 S.Ct. 2519, 2522-23; 159 L.Ed.2d 442 (2004). Thus, we find that

the decision of the United States Fifth Circuit should retroactively apply to

Relator’s conviction in the instant matter.

4 CONCLUSION

For the aforementioned reasons, we find that Relator’s application for post-

conviction relief is timely pursuant to La. C. Cr. P. arts. 930.3(5) and 930.8(A)(2)

and that Seals is retroactive in application. Therefore, we grant the writ, reverse

the ruling of the trial court, and vacate Relator’s conviction in violation of La. R.S.

14:122. WRIT GRANTED NOVEMBER 6, 2019