Judgment rendered December 18, 2024. Application for rehearing may be filed within the delay allowed by Art. 922, La. C. Cr. P.
No. 56,067-KA
COURT OF APPEAL SECOND CIRCUIT STATE OF LOUISIANA
*****
STATE OF LOUISIANA Appellee
versus
MICHAEL D. MOSLEY Appellant
Appealed from the First Judicial District Court for the Parish of Caddo, Louisiana Trial Court No. 363,124
Honorable Donald Edgar Hathaway, Jr., Judge
LOUISIANA APPELLATE PROJECT Counsel for Appellant By: Paula C. Marx
JAMES E. STEWART, SR. Counsel for Appellee District Attorney
ALEX L. PORUBSKY BRIANA SPIVEY JASON WAYNE WALTMAN Assistant District Attorneys
Before STONE, STEPHENS, and HUNTER, JJ. STONE, J.
This appeal arises from the First Judicial District Court, the Honorable
Donald E. Hathaway presiding. On November 2, 2023, the defendant,
Michael D. Mosley (“Mosley”), pled guilty to one count of possession with
the intent to distribute less than 28 grams of a Schedule II controlled
dangerous substance (methamphetamine), and one count of illegal carrying
of a weapon, while in the possession of a controlled dangerous substance
(methamphetamine). Mosley was thereafter ordered to serve consecutive
sentences of 2 ½ years at hard labor on the possession charge and 5 years at
hard labor on the weapon charge. Mosley appealed. For the following
reasons, we affirm.
FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
On or about December 9, 2018, in the 2500 block of Mabel Street,
Shreveport Police Officers observed a group of individuals drinking alcohol
outside. When the officers approached the group, one of the individuals —
later identified as Mosley — threw an object to the ground, ducked behind a
nearby vehicle, and began walking at a fast pace away from the officers.
Officers briefly detained Mosley and patted him down for officer safety.
During the pat down, a clear baggie containing what was believed to be
narcotics was partially exposed in Mosley’s overalls right pocket.
Concealed underneath Mosley’s overalls was a black FNX-40 firearm. After
being advised of his Miranda rights, Mosley stated that he had the drugs
because that was his way of making a living. According to the officer’s
report, a total of 43 small blue baggies were collected from the scene. The
north Louisiana Criminalistics Laboratory confirmed that the drugs
confiscated from Mosley was methamphetamine and had an aggregate 1 weight of 10.84 grams. Mosley was charged by a bill of information with
one count of possession with the intent to distribute (methamphetamine), a
violation of La. R.S. 40:967(A)(1) & (B)(1)(a), and one count of illegal
carrying of a weapon, while in the possession of a controlled dangerous
substance (methamphetamine), a violation of La. R.S. 14:95(E). On January
3, 2024, Mosley was sentenced to serve 2 ½ years at hard labor on the
possession charge and 5 years at hard labor on the weapon charge. His
sentences were ordered to be served consecutively for a total imprisonment
of 7 ½ years. Mosley filed a motion for reconsideration of sentence which
the trial court denied. In this appeal, Mosley asserts that the trial court failed
to articulate sufficient justification for imposition of consecutive sentences.
The trial court highlighted L. C. Cr. P. art. 894.1 and concluded the
following were aggravating factors in this case: (1) use of a dangerous
weapon, (2) the offense was a controlled dangerous substance offense, (3)
use of a firearm while committing a controlled dangerous substance offense,
(4) the offender obtained a significant income or resources or made a living
from ongoing drug activities. According to the trial court, these factors are
significant elements of the charged crimes, and thus factored into the
sentence range provided by the statute. The trial court ordered a presentence
investigation report (“PSI”) and concluded that none of the mitigating
factors applied.1 The trial court found that Mosley did not act under strong
provocation nor is he particularly likely to respond affirmatively to
probationary treatment.
1 Mosley was 45 years old and had completed 10th grade in high school. He worked at Diamond Jacks as a security guard and at Ivan Smith’s as a forklift operator and other various jobs. He was raised by both parents and a grandmother. He has 5 sisters and 1 brother, never married but has 4 children between the ages of 10 and 21. 2 In his sole assignment of error, Mosley asserts that the trial court
failed to articulate sufficient justification for imposition of consecutive
sentences and the record does not support a finding that he presents a grave
risk to the safety of the community (which rebuts the presumption of
concurrent sentences). He further asserts that his charges are too closely
intertwined, i.e., that the offenses arose out of the same act or transaction as
they clearly occurred at the same time on the same date. This served as the
basis for the plea agreement. He argues that he was practically punished for
the same drug (methamphetamine) twice and while not rising to the level of
a double jeopardy violation, the facts of this case strongly suggest that only
concurrent sentences are warranted. Lastly, Mosley contends that he is a
first felony offender, and the record neither establishes past criminality on
his part nor any other circumstances in his background that justifies treating
him as a grave risk to the safety of the community.
DISCUSSION
The state argues that Mosley’s consecutive sentences are not
disproportionate to the seriousness of the crimes, particularly in light of his
continued criminal activities during the pendency of this case.2 The state
contends that remand is not required because Mosley’s consecutive
sentences are adequately supported by the record. The sentencing provision
for La. R.S. 40:967 (B)(1)(a) provides:
“… an aggregate weigh of less than twenty-eight grams, shall be imprisoned, without or without hard labor, for not less than one year nor more than ten years…”
2 The PSI revealed that 3 years into his prosecution for the instant case, Mosley was arrested on charges of possession with intent to distribute a Schedule I CDS, possession with intent to distribute Schedule II CDS, illegal carrying of a firearm while in possession of CDS, and illegal possession of a stolen firearm. These charges were known to the trial court and were the basis of his bond revocation. 3 The sentencing provisions for La. R.S. 14:95(E) provides:
“… the offender shall be fined not more than ten thousand dollars and imprisoned at hard labor for not less than five nor more than ten years…” The state further argues that Mosely’s individual sentences were the lowest
or near lowest sentences permissible under the law. We agree.
When two or more convictions arise from the same act or transaction,
or constitute parts of a common scheme or plan, the terms of imprisonment
shall be served concurrently unless the court expressly directs that some or
all be served consecutively. La. C. Cr. P. art. 883. Concurrent sentences
arising out of a single course of conduct are not mandatory, and consecutive
sentences under those circumstances are not necessarily excessive. State v.
Dale, 53,736 (La. App. 2 Cir. 1/13/21), 309 So. 3d 1031; State v. Hebert,
50,163 (La. App. 2 Cir. 11/18/15), 181 So.
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Judgment rendered December 18, 2024. Application for rehearing may be filed within the delay allowed by Art. 922, La. C. Cr. P.
No. 56,067-KA
COURT OF APPEAL SECOND CIRCUIT STATE OF LOUISIANA
*****
STATE OF LOUISIANA Appellee
versus
MICHAEL D. MOSLEY Appellant
Appealed from the First Judicial District Court for the Parish of Caddo, Louisiana Trial Court No. 363,124
Honorable Donald Edgar Hathaway, Jr., Judge
LOUISIANA APPELLATE PROJECT Counsel for Appellant By: Paula C. Marx
JAMES E. STEWART, SR. Counsel for Appellee District Attorney
ALEX L. PORUBSKY BRIANA SPIVEY JASON WAYNE WALTMAN Assistant District Attorneys
Before STONE, STEPHENS, and HUNTER, JJ. STONE, J.
This appeal arises from the First Judicial District Court, the Honorable
Donald E. Hathaway presiding. On November 2, 2023, the defendant,
Michael D. Mosley (“Mosley”), pled guilty to one count of possession with
the intent to distribute less than 28 grams of a Schedule II controlled
dangerous substance (methamphetamine), and one count of illegal carrying
of a weapon, while in the possession of a controlled dangerous substance
(methamphetamine). Mosley was thereafter ordered to serve consecutive
sentences of 2 ½ years at hard labor on the possession charge and 5 years at
hard labor on the weapon charge. Mosley appealed. For the following
reasons, we affirm.
FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
On or about December 9, 2018, in the 2500 block of Mabel Street,
Shreveport Police Officers observed a group of individuals drinking alcohol
outside. When the officers approached the group, one of the individuals —
later identified as Mosley — threw an object to the ground, ducked behind a
nearby vehicle, and began walking at a fast pace away from the officers.
Officers briefly detained Mosley and patted him down for officer safety.
During the pat down, a clear baggie containing what was believed to be
narcotics was partially exposed in Mosley’s overalls right pocket.
Concealed underneath Mosley’s overalls was a black FNX-40 firearm. After
being advised of his Miranda rights, Mosley stated that he had the drugs
because that was his way of making a living. According to the officer’s
report, a total of 43 small blue baggies were collected from the scene. The
north Louisiana Criminalistics Laboratory confirmed that the drugs
confiscated from Mosley was methamphetamine and had an aggregate 1 weight of 10.84 grams. Mosley was charged by a bill of information with
one count of possession with the intent to distribute (methamphetamine), a
violation of La. R.S. 40:967(A)(1) & (B)(1)(a), and one count of illegal
carrying of a weapon, while in the possession of a controlled dangerous
substance (methamphetamine), a violation of La. R.S. 14:95(E). On January
3, 2024, Mosley was sentenced to serve 2 ½ years at hard labor on the
possession charge and 5 years at hard labor on the weapon charge. His
sentences were ordered to be served consecutively for a total imprisonment
of 7 ½ years. Mosley filed a motion for reconsideration of sentence which
the trial court denied. In this appeal, Mosley asserts that the trial court failed
to articulate sufficient justification for imposition of consecutive sentences.
The trial court highlighted L. C. Cr. P. art. 894.1 and concluded the
following were aggravating factors in this case: (1) use of a dangerous
weapon, (2) the offense was a controlled dangerous substance offense, (3)
use of a firearm while committing a controlled dangerous substance offense,
(4) the offender obtained a significant income or resources or made a living
from ongoing drug activities. According to the trial court, these factors are
significant elements of the charged crimes, and thus factored into the
sentence range provided by the statute. The trial court ordered a presentence
investigation report (“PSI”) and concluded that none of the mitigating
factors applied.1 The trial court found that Mosley did not act under strong
provocation nor is he particularly likely to respond affirmatively to
probationary treatment.
1 Mosley was 45 years old and had completed 10th grade in high school. He worked at Diamond Jacks as a security guard and at Ivan Smith’s as a forklift operator and other various jobs. He was raised by both parents and a grandmother. He has 5 sisters and 1 brother, never married but has 4 children between the ages of 10 and 21. 2 In his sole assignment of error, Mosley asserts that the trial court
failed to articulate sufficient justification for imposition of consecutive
sentences and the record does not support a finding that he presents a grave
risk to the safety of the community (which rebuts the presumption of
concurrent sentences). He further asserts that his charges are too closely
intertwined, i.e., that the offenses arose out of the same act or transaction as
they clearly occurred at the same time on the same date. This served as the
basis for the plea agreement. He argues that he was practically punished for
the same drug (methamphetamine) twice and while not rising to the level of
a double jeopardy violation, the facts of this case strongly suggest that only
concurrent sentences are warranted. Lastly, Mosley contends that he is a
first felony offender, and the record neither establishes past criminality on
his part nor any other circumstances in his background that justifies treating
him as a grave risk to the safety of the community.
DISCUSSION
The state argues that Mosley’s consecutive sentences are not
disproportionate to the seriousness of the crimes, particularly in light of his
continued criminal activities during the pendency of this case.2 The state
contends that remand is not required because Mosley’s consecutive
sentences are adequately supported by the record. The sentencing provision
for La. R.S. 40:967 (B)(1)(a) provides:
“… an aggregate weigh of less than twenty-eight grams, shall be imprisoned, without or without hard labor, for not less than one year nor more than ten years…”
2 The PSI revealed that 3 years into his prosecution for the instant case, Mosley was arrested on charges of possession with intent to distribute a Schedule I CDS, possession with intent to distribute Schedule II CDS, illegal carrying of a firearm while in possession of CDS, and illegal possession of a stolen firearm. These charges were known to the trial court and were the basis of his bond revocation. 3 The sentencing provisions for La. R.S. 14:95(E) provides:
“… the offender shall be fined not more than ten thousand dollars and imprisoned at hard labor for not less than five nor more than ten years…” The state further argues that Mosely’s individual sentences were the lowest
or near lowest sentences permissible under the law. We agree.
When two or more convictions arise from the same act or transaction,
or constitute parts of a common scheme or plan, the terms of imprisonment
shall be served concurrently unless the court expressly directs that some or
all be served consecutively. La. C. Cr. P. art. 883. Concurrent sentences
arising out of a single course of conduct are not mandatory, and consecutive
sentences under those circumstances are not necessarily excessive. State v.
Dale, 53,736 (La. App. 2 Cir. 1/13/21), 309 So. 3d 1031; State v. Hebert,
50,163 (La. App. 2 Cir. 11/18/15), 181 So. 3d 795. It is within the court's
discretion to make sentences consecutive rather than concurrent. State v.
Dale, supra; State v. Robinson, 49,677 (La. App. 2 Cir. 4/15/15), 163 So. 3d
829, writ denied, 15-0924 (La. 4/15/16), 191 So. 3d 1034. State v.
Kuykendall, 55,288 (La. App. 2 Cir. 9/27/23), 372 So. 3d 912, 917–18.
When consecutive sentences are imposed, the court shall state the
factors considered and its reasons for the consecutive terms. Among the
factors to be considered are the defendant’s criminal history, the gravity or
dangerousness of the offense, the viciousness of the crimes, the harm done
to the victims, whether the defendant constitutes an unusual risk of danger to
the public, the potential for defendant’s rehabilitation, and whether the
defendant has received a benefit from a plea bargain. State v. Dale, supra;
State v. Wing, 51,857 (La. App. 2 Cir. 2/28/18), 246 So. 3d 711. A
judgment directing that sentences arising from a single course of conduct be
4 served consecutively requires particular justification from the evidence of
record. State v. Dale, supra; State v. Mitchell, 37,916 (La. App. 2 Cir.
3/3/04), 869 So. 2d 276, writ denied, 04-0797 (La. 9/24/04), 882 So. 2d
1168; State v. Strother, 606 So. 2d 891 (La. App. 2 Cir. 1992), writ denied,
612 So. 2d 55 (La. 1993). State v. Kuykendall, 55,288 (La. App. 2 Cir.
9/27/23), 372 So. 3d 912, 918.
In matter sub judice, the record is replete with factual grounds to
support the consecutive sentences imposed. The trial court considered both
aggravating and mitigating factors under La. C. Cr. P. art. 894.1. The trial
court specifically noted Mosley’s possession of a firearm while in the
commission of the narcotics trade and Mosley’s admission that he derived
income from those activities. Citing Mosley’s previous bond revocation, the
trial court found that there was an undue risk that during any period of
probation or suspended sentence, Mosley would likely commit another
crime, and he is in need of correctional treatment. The trial court balanced
on one hand that Mosley’s criminal conduct neither caused nor threatened
serious harm as a mitigating factor, and on the other hand that Mosley was
armed while in the business of dealing drugs as an aggravating factor. The
trial court found there was no provocation for Mosley and a lesser sentence
would deprecate the seriousness of the crime.
The trial court properly considered the facts of this case, Mosley’s
PSI, that includes his personal work and family history, as well as his
criminal history in accordance with the La. C. Cr. P. art. 894.1 factors. We
note that while the current charges are Mosley’s first felony convictions, his
5 criminal arrests date back decades.3 His post-Miranda admission that he
sells drugs for a living indicates this is the first time that he has been caught.
Mosley’s propensity to commit similar crimes was obvious as he was
arrested for almost identical felony charges while the current case was
pending, and such criminal conduct inherently puts the safety of the
community at risk. Moreover, because these charges are so intertwined, he
is particularly dangerous. Further, Mosley benefitted from his plea
agreement as the new felony charges were dismissed, thereby substantially
reducing his sentencing exposure as a habitual offender.
The record adequately provides a factual basis for the imposition of
consecutive sentences. Jurisprudence has consistently held that remand is
not necessary where the record supports the imposition of consecutive
sentences, even if specific reasons were not articulated at the time of
sentencing. The trial court did not abuse its discretion by imposing
consecutive sentences and remand would negate judicial efficiency.
CONCLUSION
For the foregoing reasons, the judgment of the trial court is affirmed.
AFFIRMED.
3 Mosley’s previous charges include traffic violations such as driving while intoxicated, driving without a license or insurance and speeding. His misdemeanor charges include simple battery, disturbing the peace and urinating in public. 6 STEPHENS, J., concurs.
I concur. The significant benefit the defendant received from the dismissal of the new charges in his plea bargain negates the quasi-double jeopardy concerns or implications that might have otherwise arisen had he been sentenced on the new charges.