STATE OF LOUISIANA * NO. 2022-KA-0635
VERSUS * COURT OF APPEAL MARK L. MAGEE * FOURTH CIRCUIT * STATE OF LOUISIANA *******
APPEAL FROM 25TH JDC, PARISH OF PLAQUEMINES NO. 17-1715, DIVISION “B” Honorable Michael D. Clement, ****** Judge Tiffany Gautier Chase ****** (Court composed of Judge Sandra Cabrina Jenkins, Judge Tiffany Gautier Chase, Judge Dale N. Atkins)
JENKINS, J., CONCURS IN THE RESULT
Jeffrey L Smith Autumn Towns 2735 Tulane Avenue New Orleans, LA 70119
COUNSEL FOR DEFENDANT/APPELLANT
Charles Joseph Ballay, District Attorney Jason Napoli, Assistant District Attorney DISTRICT ATTORNEY'S OFFICE, 25TH JDC, PLAQUEMINES PARISH 333 F. Edward Hebert Blvd. Building 201 Belle Chase, LA 70037
COUNSEL FOR PLAINTIFF/APPELLEE
CONVICTIONS AFFIRMED REMANDED FOR RE-SENTENCING MARCH 20, 2023 TGC DN Defendant/Appellant Mark Magee (hereinafter “Defendant”), seeks review A of his convictions and sentences for one count of sexual battery of a juvenile, a
violation of La. R.S. 14:43.1, and one count of cruelty to juveniles, a violation of
La. R.S. 14:93(A)(1). For the reasons that follow, we affirm his convictions and
remand this matter to the trial court for re-sentencing.
PROCEDURAL HISTORY
Defendant was charged by bill of indictment with one count of sexual
battery upon a juvenile and one count of cruelty to juveniles. Defendant was
arraigned and pled not guilty to both counts. Following multiple motions to
continue, a jury trial commenced on May 9, 2022. Three days later a unanimous
jury found Defendant guilty as charged.
On July 6, 2022, Defendant filed a motion for new trial pursuant to La.
C.Cr.P. art. 851. On September 7, 2022, the trial court denied his motion for new
trial and conducted a sentence hearing. The trial court sentenced Defendant to
serve ten years, without hard labor, on the count of sexual battery of a juvenile and
ten years on the count of cruelty to a juvenile - each count is to run concurrently
without eligibility for probation or parole.
1 Defendant filed a motion to reconsider his sentences which the trial court
denied. This appeal followed.
STATEMENT OF FACTS
R.L.,1 the victim, was twenty-one years old at the time of the Defendant’s
trial. R.L. and her older brother (hereinafter “D.L.”), began living with their
paternal grandparents, Defendant and Angela Magee (hereinafter “Mrs. Magee”),
following a custody dispute between D.L. and R.L.’s mother and father. D.L. and
R.L. began living with Defendant and Mrs. Magee at the approximate ages of nine
and six, respectively.
R.L. ran away from the home of her grandparents and was picked up in
Plaquemines Parish by her mother (hereinafter “R.L.’s mother”) who drove her to
Texas. Mrs. Magee reported R.L. as a runaway on January 1, 2017. On that same
day, R.L. sent an e-mail to Defendant and Mrs. Magee alleging sexual and physical
abuse. Mrs. Magee forwarded the email to the Plaquemines Parish Officer
investigating R.L.’s runaway.
Lieutenant Holly Hardin (hereinafter “Detective Hardin”) - then a Sergeant
and Detective with the Plaquemines Parish Sherriff’s Office Special Victims Unit -
was contacted by a deputy regarding R.L.’s allegations of sexual and physical
abuse on January 1, 2017. Detective Hardin opened an investigation into the
allegations three days later.
Upon Detective Hardin’s request, R.L.’s mother returned R.L. to Louisiana.
R.L. met with the Department of Children and Family Services (hereinafter
“DCFS”) to determine proper custody arrangements due to the allegations of
1 In accordance with La. R.S. 46:1844(W)(1)(a), to keep confidential the identities of the persons who were minors at the time of the offenses, initials have been used in place of names.
2 sexual and physical abuse within Defendant’s home.2 During her interview with
DCFS, R.L. stated that she ran away from her grandparents because she could no
longer endure the sexual and physical abuse from Defendant.
DCFS held a meeting with Defendant, Mrs. Magee, R.L., and Detective
Hardin wherein the Defendant told R.L. the following: that he would send her to
Brother Martin High School3 so she could be with all of the boys she pleased; that
she should kill herself; and that she was going to be a prostitute. R.L. was placed in
foster care and removed from Defendant and Mrs. Magee’s custody.
On January 20, 2017, R.L. attended a forensic interview at the Children’s
Advocacy Center (hereinafter “Advocacy Center”) wherein she recounted
numerous instances of sexual and physical abuse by the Defendant.4 Dr. Neha
Mehta (hereinafter “Dr. Mehta”), a certified child abuse expert with the Audrey
Hepburn Care Center, also interviewed R.L.
At trial the following witnesses testified: Detective Hardin, Dr. Mehta, D.L,
R.L., R.L.’s mother, R.L.’s younger brother (hereinafter “C.L.”), R.L.’s second
younger brother (hereinafter “K.L”), Mrs. Magee, and R.L.’s fiancé.
During the State of Louisiana’s (hereinafter “the State”) case in chief,
Detective Hardin testified that she interviewed both the Defendant and Mrs. Magee
as part of her investigation. Detective Hardin noted that R.L. met with DCFS upon
2 When R.L.’s mother returned R.L. to Plaquemines Parish, Defendant and Mrs. Magee still had
legal custody of R.L. who was still considered a runaway. 3 Brother Martin High School is a private, all boys Catholic school located in New Orleans,
Louisiana. 4 R.L.’s interview with the Advocacy Center was both audibly and visually recorded. R.L.’s
Advocacy Center interview was submitted as an exhibit at Defendant’s trial.
3 her request and that she was present during DCFS’ joint interview of Defendant,
Mrs. Magee, and R.L.
D.L. testified that he lived with Defendant and Mrs. Magee for a majority of
his life. D.L. denied ever witnessing Defendant sexually, physically, or
emotionally abuse R.L. or any of his siblings. D.L. maintained that their mother
was forcing R.L. to make up the allegations against the Defendant and that R.L.
enjoyed the attention of Defendant’s trial.
Dr. Mehta, qualified as an expert in the field of child abuse, interviewed
R.L. at the Audrey Hepburn Care Center. Dr. Mehta determined that R.L was a
victim of child sexual abuse, child physical abuse, and child emotional abuse. She
testified that R.L. articulated the sexual abuse by the Defendant. Nothing during
the interview suggested to Dr. Mehta that R.L had been untruthful when she
provided an account for the sexual, physical, and emotional abuse by Defendant.
R.L. testified that Defendant began sexually abusing her at the approximate
age of thirteen. R.L. described the incidents of sexual and physical abuse by
Defendant in detail. She recalled that she decided to run away from her
grandparents’ home following a hunting trip in Alabama. When asked about her
father, R.L. testified that he threatened to kill her, her child, and her fiancé. She
stated that she feared for her life and believed he would kill her if he got the
chance.
C.L. testified he began living with Defendant and Mrs. Magee when he was
approximately four years old. He testified that he never witnessed R.L. being
sexually or physically abused by Defendant nor did he recall either of his
grandparents calling R.L. derogatory names. K.L. also testified at trial and
4 maintained that he was never physically abused by his grandparents and could not
recall witnessing R.L. being sexually or physically abused by the Defendant.
Mrs. Magee, testified that she had been married to Defendant for over forty
years. She claimed that R.L. and R.L.’s mother were lying about her husband’s
conduct and denied ever abusing R.L. or any of R.L’s younger brothers. She also
testified that she knew R.L. to be a girl who enjoyed the attention of males, was
often disrespectful, and dramatic.
During the State’s rebuttal, Detective Hardin and R.L.’s fiancé testified as to
testimony elicited from D.L., regarding their father.
ERRORS PATENT
Our review of the record reveals one error patent. See La. C.Cr.P. art. 920.
When a defendant is convicted of a felony and a motion for new trial is filed, the
trial court shall not impose a sentence until at least twenty-four hours after the
motion is overruled (hereinafter “the 24-Hour Delay”). See La. C.Cr.P. art. 873. In
the matter sub judice, the trial court denied Defendant’s motion for new trial and
sentenced him on the same day without an express waiver of the 24-Hour Delay.
We find that the trial court’s error of failing to observe the 24-Hour Delay was not
a harmless error. See State v. Kisack, 2016-0797, pp. 7-8 (La. 10/18/17), 236 So.3d
1201, 1205-06 (holding that the trial court’s failure to observe the sentencing delay
required by La. C.Cr.P. art. 873 is not harmless error). Accordingly, the case is
remanded to the trial court solely for the purpose of re-sentencing Defendant.
DISCUSSION
5 Defendant asserts six assignments of error: (1) the trial court erred in
denying his motion for new trial as the State’s evidence was insufficient to obtain a
conviction; (2) the trial court erred in allowing the State’s rebuttal evidence which
caused prejudice to Defendant; (3) the trial court erred in imposing the maximum
sentence on both of Defendant’s convictions; (4) the trial court erred in denying
Defendant’s motion for mistrial regarding statements made about Defendant’s
post-Miranda silence; (5) the trial court erred in failing to suppress evidence not
turned over by the State; (6) Defendant was unfairly prejudiced by the
ineffectiveness of his trial counsel. We address each in turn.
Assignment of Error No. 1: Insufficiency of Evidence
In his first assignment of error, Defendant contends that the evidence
presented at trial was insufficient to support his convictions and maintains that the
State failed to establish the essential age elements within the crimes. He further
asserts that the testimony of the State’s witnesses failed to prove beyond a
reasonable doubt that he committed either crime for which he was charged.
“The standard for determining an insufficiency of evidence claim is well
settled.” State v. Campbell, 2015-0017, p. 7 (La.App. 4 Cir. 6/24/15), 171 So. 3d
1176, 1182. Claims for insufficiency of evidence must be viewed in a light most
favorable to the prosecution. Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 319 , 99 S.Ct
2781, 2789, 61 L.Ed.2d 560 (1979); State v. Wilson, 2022-0346, p. 4 (La.App. 4
Cir. 12/9/22), 353 So.3d 389, 393. An appellate court is tasked with determining if
the evidence is sufficient to convince a rational trier of fact that all elements of a
crime have been proven beyond a reasonable doubt. Id.
“This Court must review ‘the record as a whole since that is what a rational
trier of fact would do.’” Wilson, 2022-0346, p. 4, 353 So.3d at 393 (citation
6 omitted). This Court is not tasked with assessing the credibility of witnesses or re-
weighing evidence. Campbell, 2015-0017, p. 8, 171 So.3d at 1182 (citations
omitted). The credibility determination of the trier of fact will not be disturbed
unless clearly contrary to the evidence. Id. The testimony of a single witness, if
believed by the trier of fact, is sufficient to support a factual conclusion. Id.
In the matter sub judice, Defendant contends that the State failed to prove
the charges of sexual battery upon a juvenile and cruelty to juveniles. We
separately address each conviction.
Sexual Battery
The jury found Defendant guilty of sexual battery upon a juvenile, a
violation of La. R.S. 14:43.1. Defendant avers that the evidence presented at trial
was insufficient to support his conviction and alleges that La. R.S. 14:43.1 contains
an age component which the State failed to prove. He also contends that the
testimony of R.L. is inconsistent with her siblings and his wife’s testimony, all of
whom lived in the same house as R.L. when the alleged sexual battery took place.
He maintains that due to the lack of forensic and corroborative evidence, his
conviction cannot stand on inconsistent testimony alone.
The State contends that Defendant committed sexual battery upon R.L. from
January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2016. From August 2011 to July 2015, La. R.S.
14:43.1 defined sexual battery, in pertinent part, as follows:
the intentional touching of the anus or genitals of the victim by the offender using any instrumentality or any part of the body of the offender, or the touching of the anus or genitals of the offender by the victim using any instrumentality or any part of the body of the victim, when any of the following occur: (1) [t]he offender acts without the consent of the victim.
7 The current version of La. R.S 14:43.1, effective August 1, 2015 provides, in
pertinent part:
Sexual battery is the intentional touching of the anus or genitals of the victim by the offender using any instrumentality or any part of the body of the offender, directly or through clothing, or the touching of the anus or genitals of the offender by the victim using any instrumentality or any part of the body of the victim, directly or through clothing, when any of the following occur…the offender acts without the consent of the victim [or] [t]he victim has not yet attained fifteen years of age and is at least three years younger than the offender.
La. R.S. 14:43.1(A)(1) and (2).
To support a conviction of sexual battery, the State is required to prove the
following beyond a reasonable doubt: (1) between January 1, 2013 to December
31, 2016, R.L. was under fifteen years old at the time of the offense; (2) R.L. was
at least three years younger than Defendant; and (3) Defendant touched R.L’s
genitals, directly or through clothing, using any instrumentality or any part of his
body.
R.L. testified that she lived with her grandparents, Defendant and Mrs.
Magee, following a custody dispute between her mother and father. R.L. stated that
Defendant first began sexually abusing her at the age of thirteen by touching her
breasts, buttocks, and vaginal area over her clothes. She recalled that she feared
Defendant was going to rape her when he rubbed her thigh and told her he could
have sex with her without anyone knowing. R.L. also testified that she would lock
the bathroom door when she showered as Defendant would require her to inform
him when she showered so he could watch her.
The State introduced an e-mail from R.L. to Defendant and Mrs. Magee in
which R.L. maintains that she was tired of the physical and sexual abuse within
their home.
8 R.L’s three brothers testified that they never witnessed any inappropriate
sexual touching between Defendant and R.L. D.L. testified that R.L. and her
mother were lying about the allegations against Defendant. All of R.L.’s brothers
described Defendant as a “good parent.”
While we recognize that conflicting testimony exists, we find that R.L.’s
testimony was sufficient to establish the crime of sexual battery of a juvenile. “In
cases involving sexual offenses, the testimony of the victim alone may be
sufficient to establish the elements of the offense, even where the State does not
introduce medical, scientific, or physical evidence to prove the commission of the
offense.” State v. Barbain, 2015-0404, p. 10 (La.App. 4 Cir. 11/4/15), 179 So.3d
770, 778. Further, it is not the role of this Court to assess the credibility of
witnesses or re-weigh the evidence submitted at trial. See State v. Brown, 2016-
0965, p. 28 (La.App. 4 Cir. 5/3/17), 219 So.3d 518, 536 (concluding that “[t]he
credibility of witnesses presenting conflicting testimony on factual matters is
within the sound discretion of the trier of fact.”) (citation omitted).
In addressing the Defendant’s argument as to the age component set forth in
La. R.S. 14:43.1, it can be inferred that R.L. was at least thirteen when Defendant
first began touching her in a sexual manner. R.L. specifically testified that the
abuse began around the age of thirteen. Further, in accordance with La. R.S.
14:43.1, Defendant is over the age of seventeen as he was tried as an adult, his wife
testified that she had been married to him for over forty years, and that they were
both the grandparents of R.L. and her siblings.
A jury of six heard the conflicting testimony of the witnesses and found
Defendant to be guilty of sexual abuse battery of a victim under the age of thirteen.
The testimony of R.L., Detective Hardin, and Dr. Mehta support this finding. This
9 Court has concluded that a jury may infer the age of a defendant when no direct
evidence of the defendant’s age is presented. See State v. Johnson, 2011-1213, p.11
(La.App. 4 Cir. 2/7/13), 109 So.3d 994, 1001. Moreover, a defendant’s age may be
inferred based on their appearance in court and by the fact they are being tried as
an adult. See State v. Lewis, 97-1549, p. 6 (La.App. 4 Cir. 2/3/99), 727 So.2d 1274,
1277.
Cruelty to Juveniles
The jury also found Defendant guilty of cruelty to juveniles, a violation of
La. R.S. 14:93 (A)(1), which provides, “[t]he intentional or criminally negligent
mistreatment or neglect by anyone seventeen years of age or older of any child
under the age of seventeen whereby unjustifiable pain or suffering is caused to said
child.”
Defendant again avers that the crime defined within La. R.S. 14:93 (A)(1)
contains an age component that the State failed to prove. He submits that the
testimony presented at trial is inconsistent and failed to prove, beyond a reasonable
doubt, that he committed cruelty to R.L.
R.L. testified that Defendant, would physically abuse her by shoving her off
of chairs forcing her head to hit hard surfaces, resulting in bruises. She further
testified that he once hit her head with the scope of a gun resulting in bruises. R.L.
testified that Defendant would pinch her sides if she denied his sexual advances.
Dr. Mehta corroborated this testimony when she concluded R.L. was the victim of
physical abuse.
R.L. also testified that Defendant abused her brothers and cited to a letter,
written by her brother D.L., alleging abuse by Defendant. D.L. admitted to writing
the letter, but maintained that his mother forced him to fabricate the allegations
10 against Defendant. D.L. further testified that R.L. and their mother, were
fabricating the allegations against Defendant. C.L. and K.L. stated that they were
never physically abused by Defendant and testified that R.L. was treated like a
“princess” growing up.
R.L.’s testimony coupled with Dr. Mehta’s expert opinion that R.L. was the
victim of physical abuse supports the jury’s finding that Defendant committed the
crime of cruelty to juveniles. D.L., C.L., and K.L.’s testimony that they were never
abused or had first-hand knowledge that Defendant physically abused R.L. requires
a determination of the credibility of witnesses and the weighing of evidence – a
sole function of the trier of the fact. Contrary to Defendant’s contentions, there was
sufficient evidence to support his conviction of cruelty to juveniles as the jury
found R.L. and Dr. Mehta to be credible witnesses. See Wilson, 2022-0346, p. 6,
353 So.3d at 394 (holding that credibility determinations are within the sole
discretion of the trier of fact and will not be disturbed upon review) (citation
omitted).
Further, Defendant was tried as an adult, not a juvenile, and R.L. testified
that the physical abuse occurred around the same time as the sexual abuse, i.e. at
the approximate age of thirteen. It was also determined that Mrs. Magee was the
wife of Defendant for over forty years and that they are the grandparents of R.L.
and her three brothers. See Lewis, 97-1549, p. 6, 727 So.2d at 1277 (holding that a
trier of fact can infer the age of the accused based upon physical appearance and
the fact that they are being tried as an adult).
Thus, there was sufficient evidence for a six person jury to convict
Defendant of sexual battery and cruelty to juveniles. This assignment or error lacks
merit.
11 Assignment of Error No. 2: Rebuttal Evidence
Defendant’s second assignment of error contends that the trial court
impermissibly allowed the State to introduce, as rebuttal evidence, Detective
Hardin and R.L’s fiancé’s testimony regarding R.L.’s father. Defendant maintains
that the testimony regarding his stepson, R.L.’s father, improperly prejudiced him
before the jury. The State contends that the testimony of R.L.’s fiancé was proper
as it was put forth to disprove facts introduced by the defense.
The general rules governing rebuttal arguments provides that a rebuttal
argument “shall be confined to evidence admitted, to the lack of evidence, to
conclusions of fact that the state or defendant may draw therefrom, and to the law
applicable to the case.” La. C.Cr.P. art. 774. The state’s rebuttal shall only pertain
to answering the argument of the defendant and that no argument shall appeal to
prejudice. La. C.Cr.P. art. 774. The state, in a criminal prosecution, has the right to
rebut evidence adduced by their opponents. La. C.E. art. 611(E).
For evidence to be deemed admissible, it must be analyzed by the trial court
in accordance with La. C.E. art. 403 which provides that “[a]lthough relevant
evidence may be excluded if its probative value is substantially outweighed by the
danger of unfair prejudice, confusion of the issues, of misleading the jury, or by
considerations of undue delay, or waste of time.” A trial court’s determination of
relevancy and the admissibility of evidence, will not be disturbed on appeal absent
a clear abuse of discretion. Campbell, 2015-0017, p. 24, 171 So.3d at 1190.
During the State’s case in chief, R.L. testified that her father sent her death
threats upon learning about her allegations against Defendant and his mother. She
further claimed that her father’s threats made her fear for her life and believed he
would kill her. C.L. and K.L. testified for Defendant and maintained that their
12 father often says things he does not mean. Mrs. Magee also testified for the defense
and claimed her son has substance abuse issues, suffers from bipolar disorder, and
has never witnessed R.L.’s father carry out any of his threats. During the State’s
rebuttal, R.L.’s fiancé corroborated R.L.’s testimony and testified that he also
received death threats from R.L.’s father.
The trial testimony and evidence supports R.L. and her fiancé’s testimony
regarding the death threats. Further, the defense elicited testimony from Mrs.
Magee and R.L.’s three brothers in an attempt to discredit R.L.’s testimony. Thus,
the State introduced rebuttal testimony from R.L.’s fiancé to refute Defendant’s
allegations that R.L.’s father often fails to carry out his many threats. There is
nothing within the record to suggest the Defendant’s contention that the State’s
rebuttal argument was improperly introduced. Pursuant to La. C.E. art. 611(D) the
State is permitted to rebut evidence set forth by the defense.
Additionally, we conclude that even if the trial court erred in admitting the
evidence, the error is subject to the harmless error analysis. See State v. Session,
2021-0118, p. 6 (La.App. 4 Cir. 12/14/21), 332 So.3d 729, 737 (citing Chapman v.
California, 386 U.S. 18, 24, 87 S.Ct. 824, 17 L.Ed.2d 705 (1967)). “In the
harmless error analysis, ‘[t]he inquiry…is not whether, in a trial that occurred
without the error, a guilty verdict would surely have been rendered, but whether
the guilty verdict actually rendered in this trial was surely unattributable to the
error.’” Id. (quoting State v. Trung Le, 2017-0164, p.20 (La.App. 4 Cir. 4/11/18),
243 So.3d 637, 657-58)).
The State set forth a substantial case against Defendant which included the
testimony of three fact witnesses and Dr. Mehta’s expert opinion which
corroborated R.L.’s testimony. Considering the evidence and testimony in this
13 matter, we conclude that the guilty verdict rendered by the jury cannot be
attributed to an error by the trial court in admitting the rebuttal testimony of R.L.’s
fiancé. We find that the trial court did not err in overruling Defendant’s objection
to the State’s rebuttal witness. This assignment of error lacks merit.
Assignment of Error No. 3: Excessive Sentences
In his third assignment of error, Defendant avers that the trial court erred in
enforcing the maximum ten-year sentence on both convictions. As previously
noted, the trial court committed error when it denied Defendant’s motion for new
trial and sentenced him on the same day. See La. C.Cr.P. art. 873. Thus, this matter
is remanded for the sole purpose of re-sentencing. As such, we pretermit the issue
of Defendant’s excessive sentences.
Assignment of Error No. 4: Motion for Mistrial
In his fourth assignment of error, Defendant argues that the trial court erred
in denying his motion for mistrial. Specifically, Defendant maintains that Detective
Hardin’s testimony pertaining to his post-Miranda silence improperly prejudiced
him before the jury.
If the state or witness makes a remark that is prejudicial to the defendant, the
trial court “shall promptly admonish the jury to disregard the remark or comment
made during trial.” La. C.Cr.P. art. 771. A defendant may motion for mistrial in
which the court may grant if it determined that “an admonition is not sufficient to
assure the defendant a fair trial.” Id. “The decision to grant or deny a mistrial for
prejudicial conduct rests within the trial court’s discretion and will not be disturbed
absent an abuse of discretion.” State v. Irons, 2022-0515, p. 6 (La.App. 4 Cir.
7/28/22), 346 So.3d 299, 303.
14 Defense counsel elicited questions regarding Detective Hardin’s
investigation of Defendant, maintaining that he was cooperative at all times during
his interview with Detective Hardin. On re-direct, the State questioned Detective
Hardin regarding her interview of Defendant after his arrest in which she testified
that he invoked his Fifth Amendment right. This is the only reference to
Defendant’s post-Miranda silence.
There is no indication that the State or Detective Hardin provided
information regarding Defendant’s post-Miranda silence for impeachment
purposes. It is clear from the record that Detective Hardin cited to Defendant’s
post-Miranda silence as a response to Defendant’s questions pertaining to her
interview of Defendant following his arrest. Further, the trial testimony reveals the
discussion of Defendant’s post-Miranda silence was brief when compared to the
trial testimony of the State’s three fact witnesses and Dr. Mehta which resulted in a
guilty verdict from the jury.
A brief reference to a defendant’s post-Miranda silence does not mandate a
mistrial or a reversal when the following circumstances are present: the trial as a
whole was fairly conducted; the proof of guilt is strong; and the prosecution made
no use of the silence for impeachment purposes. See State v. Hollins, 2011-1435, p.
29 (La.App. 4 Cir. 8/29/13), 123 So.3d 840, 861. The trial court did not abuse its
discretion in denying Defendant’s motion for mistrial. Accordingly, this
assignment of error lacks merit.
Assignment of Error No. 5: Discovery Violation
In his fifth assignment of error, Defendant contends that the trial court erred
in allowing the State to submit an Instagram conversation between D.L. and his
mother (hereinafter “State’s Exhibit 7”). He further maintains that the State
15 violated discovery rules by failing to provide the Instagram conversation during
pre-trial discovery.5 Conversely, the State avers that it properly submitted the
exhibit as it was intended to impeach D.L.’s testimony.
Louisiana’s Code of Evidence provides that “extrinsic evidence, including
prior inconsistent statements and evidence contradicting the witness’ testimony, is
admissible when offered solely to attack the credibility of a witness.” La. C.E. art.
607(D)(2). A trial court is tasked with determining if extrinsic evidence and its
“probative value … is substantially outweighed … by unfair prejudice.” Id.
Our Supreme Court has noted that a party can impeach its own witness. See
State v. Cousins, 96-2973, pp. 10-11, 710 So.2d 1065, 1070-71. In performing the
weighing process within La. C.E. art. 607(D)(2), a court must consider and weigh
the relevancy of the prior statement with the credibility of the in-court statement
and the motivation for impeachment. Cousins, 96-2973, p.11, 710 So.2d at 1071.
“The court should further consider the prejudicial effect of the statement if used
improperly as substantive evidence, and the effectiveness of a limiting instruction
in avoiding improper use of the statement.” Id.
D.L. testified for the State and maintained that R.L. was fabricating the
allegations made against the Defendant. D.L. claimed that he did not have a
relationship with his mother and maintained he had not spoken to his mother since
2010. The State submitted State’s Exhibit 7, evidencing Instagram messages, from
2017, wherein D.L. stated he missed his mother and wished to live with her. We
find that the Instagram messages between D.L. and his mother indicate that he
made inconsistent statements regarding his relationship with his mother.
5 Pursuant to La. C.Cr.P. art. 716(D), Defendant submits that the State should have provided the
Instagram conversation during discovery as it was a “written or recorded statement” of a “witness the state intend[ed] to call in its case in chief at trial.”
16 Pursuant to La. C.E. art. 607(D)(2) the Instagram messages were extrinsic
evidence presented to impeach the prior inconsistent statements of D.L. with no
prejudicial effect to Defendant. D.L.’s testimony revealed hostility towards his
mother as he maintained that his mother and R.L. were fabricating the allegations
against Defendant. State’s Exhibit 7 was submitted to refute D.L.’s hostile
testimony regarding his mother and R.L., indicating its probative value was to
show the jury numerous inconsistent statements made by D.L. during trial. See
State v. Edwards, 419 So.2d 881, 895 (La. 1982) (holding the probative value of an
exhibit must outweigh any prejudicial effect upon the jury and must be relevant to
a material at trial). Accordingly, we find that the trial court did not err in allowing
the introduction of State’s Exhibit 7. This assignment of error lacks merit.
Assignment of Error No. 6: Ineffective Assistance of Counsel
Defendant’s final assignment of error submits that trial counsel rendered
ineffective assistance of counsel by failing to object to the State’s impermissible
leading of R.L.’s testimony during trial. By this assignment of error, Defendant
further maintains this was prejudicial and improper. Conversely, the State contends
that Defendant has failed to establish a proper claim of ineffective assistance of
counsel and has not demonstrated that he was deprived of a fair trial.
A defendant’s ineffective assistance of counsel claim is properly raised by
an application for writ of habeas corpus in the trial court. See State v. Deloch, 380
So.2d 67, 68 (La. 1980). However, our Supreme Court has noted that if the issue of
ineffective assistance of counsel is raised by an assignment of error on appeal and
the record indicates that the issue need be decided, the issue will be considered in
the interest of judicial economy. State v. Seiss, 428 So.2d 444, 449 (La. 1983).
17 In accordance with the standard set forth in Strickland v. Washington, to
support a claim for ineffective assistance of counsel a defendant must (1) show that
counsel’s representation was deficient and (2) the aforementioned deficiency
prejudiced the defendant. 466 U.S. 668, 687, 104 S.Ct. 2052, 2064, 80 L.Ed.2d 674
(1984); Boyd, 2014-0408, p. 7, 318 So.3d at 402 (citation omitted). “In deciding an
ineffective assistance of counsel claim, a court is not required to address both
components if the defendant makes an insufficient evidentiary showing on one
component.” State v. Boyd, 2014-0408, p.7 (La.App. 4 Cir. 7/25/18), 318 So.3d
397, 402 (citation omitted).
The defendant must first “show that counsel made errors so serious that he
was not operating as the type of counsel guaranteed by the Sixth Amendment to
the United States Constitution.” Boyd, 2014-0408, p. 7, 318 So.3d at 402 (citation
omitted). Second, the defendant must prove that the counsel’s error was so severe
that that it deprived the defendant of a fair trial. Id. Thus, in the matter sub judice,
Defendant must prove that but for counsel’s deficient performance, there is a
reasonable probability that the result of his trial and subsequent conviction would
be different. Boyd, 2014-0408, p. 8, 318 So.3d at 403. Further, absent an abuse of
discretion a conviction will not be reversed because of leading questions. See State
v. Felde, 422 So.2d 370, 385 (La. 1982).
Defendant maintains that the State’s improper leading of R.L. upon re-direct
was a prosecutorial error that diminishes the reliability of the jury’s verdict.
During the State’s re-direct of R.L., Defendant’s trial counsel objected to leading
questions and the trial court instructed the State to “get to the point.” Other
instances in which Defendant’s trial counsel objected to leading questions, the
objections were sustained. There is no evidence within this record to indicate that
18 there was a prosecutorial error that diminished the reliability of the jury’s verdict.
See Felde, 422 So.2d 379, 385 (holding that “[l]eading questions are not the type
of prosecutorial error which diminish the reliability of jury’s verdict.”).
Moreover, Defendant has failed to prove that but for his trial counsel’s
alleged “severe” failure in objecting to the leading questions - for one of five of the
State’s witness - a different verdict would have resulted. We therefore find the
guilty verdict is not attributed to Defendant’s trial counsel failing to object to the
State’s leading questions of R.L. Thus, finding no clear abuse of discretion that
prejudiced Defendant’s rights at trial, this assignment or error lacks merit.
DECREE
For the foregoing reasons we affirm Defendant’s convictions and remand
this matter to the trial court for the sole purpose of re-sentencing Defendant.