State of Louisiana v. Joseph Zanetti

• Court: Louisiana Court of Appeal
• Decided: December 29, 2023
• Docket: 2023-K-0791
• Status: Published

Opinion

STATE OF LOUISIANA * NO. 2023-K-0791

VERSUS * COURT OF APPEAL JOSEPH ZANETTI * FOURTH CIRCUIT * STATE OF LOUISIANA *******

APPLICATION FOR WRITS DIRECTED TO CRIMINAL DISTRICT COURT ORLEANS PARISH NO. 559-706, SECTION “K” Judge Marcus DeLarge, ****** Judge Joy Cossich Lobrano ****** (Court composed of Judge Joy Cossich Lobrano, Judge Rosemary Ledet, Judge Sandra Cabrina Jenkins)

Jeff Landry Attorney General Grant L. Willis J. Taylor Gray Assistant Attorneys General LOUISIANA DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE Post Office Box 94005 Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70804

COUNSEL FOR RELATOR/STATE OF LOUISIANA

Leo Caillier, III Caillier & Associates, LLC 711 2nd Street Gretna, Louisiana 70053

COUNSEL FOR RESPONDENT/DEFENDANT

WRIT GRANTED; REVERSED

DECEMBER 29, 2023 JCL Relator, the Office of the Louisiana Attorney General, seeks review of the

RML district court’s December 7, 2023 ruling which granted Respondent’s motion to

recuse the Attorney General’s Office from this case. For the reasons that follow,

we grant the writ and reverse the district court’s ruling granting the motion to

recuse.

Respondent, Joseph Zanetti (“Defendant”), was arrested on August 20, 2023

for aggravated assault. On August 21, 2023, the Orleans Parish District Attorney’s

Office filed a motion to voluntarily recuse itself based on Defendant’s former

employment with the District Attorney’s Office. On the same date, the magistrate

granted the motion to recuse and appointed the Office of the Louisiana Attorney

General to represent the State of Louisiana. On October 19, 2023, Defendant was

charged by bill of indictment with one count of domestic abuse aggravated assault,

a violation of La. R.S. 14: 37.7, and one count of domestic abuse battery, a

violation of La. R.S. 14:35.3. Defendant was arraigned on November 14, 2023, at

which time he entered a plea of not guilty and the district court set the matter for

motions hearing on December 7, 2023.

1 At the commencement of the motions hearing held on December 7, 2023,

Defendant orally moved to recuse the Attorney General’s Office. The alleged

grounds for recusal were twofold: (1) Defendant had worked for the Office of the

Louisiana Attorney General;1 and (2) the former District Attorney for the Parish of

Orleans, who currently heads the criminal division of the Attorney General’s

Office, served as Defendant’s previous employer until Defendant “was forced to

leave” the District Attorney’s Office. No testimony or other evidence was

presented in conjunction with the motion to recuse. The district court granted the

motion to recuse and set the matter for a contradictory hearing to appoint a new

prosecutor.

La. C.Cr.P. art. 680 provides the grounds for recusation of a district attorney.

That article states that a district attorney shall be recused when he:

(1) Has a personal interest in the cause or grand jury proceeding which is in conflict with fair and impartial administration of justice . . .

A defendant attempting to recuse a district attorney on the basis of a personal

interest in the cause which is in conflict with fair and impartial administration of

justice has the burden of proving this ground for recusal by a preponderance of the

evidence. State v. King, 06-2383, pp. 6-7 (La. 4/27/07), 956 So.2d 562, 565. “An

appearance of bias and prejudice is not sufficient to warrant the granting of a

motion to recuse. In order to show that a [d]istrict [a]ttorney should be recused

from a case the defendant has to prove that he was treated differently in the

management of his case.” State v. Ellis, 13-1401, pp. 27-28 (La. App. 4 Cir.

1 The parties do not dispute that Defendant did not work in the criminal division of the Attorney

General’s Office.

2 2/4/15), 161 So.3d 64, 80 (quoting State v. Wainwright, 02-2212, pp. 1-2 (La. App.

4 Cir. 12/30/02), 837 So.2d 123, 124).

La. C.Cr.P. art. 681 provides the procedure for recusation of a district

attorney:

A district attorney may recuse himself, whether a motion for his recusation has been filed or not, in any case in which a ground for recusation exists. A motion to recuse the district attorney shall be in writing and shall set forth the grounds therefor. The motion shall be filed in accordance with Article 521, and shall be tried in a contradictory hearing. If a ground for recusation is established the judge shall recuse the district attorney.

In the case sub judice, Defendant’s oral motion to recuse the Attorney

General’s Office did not comply with the statutory requirement of La. C.Cr.P. art.

681 that a motion to recuse be in writing. Additionally, the record fails to show that

the Attorney General’s Office had a personal interest in the case that was in

conflict with the fair and impartial administration of justice.2 Accordingly, we find

that the district court erred in granting Defendant’s motion to recuse the Attorney

For the foregoing reasons, we grant this writ application and reverse the

district court’s ruling granting the motion to recuse the Attorney General’s Office.

2 We note that even had Defendant proven sufficient grounds to disqualify the former District

Attorney, recusal of the entire Attorney General’s Office would not be warranted. See State in Int. of L.R., 21-0141, p. 7 (La. App. 4 Cir. 3/25/21), 314 So.3d 1139, 1144 (“Art. 680 . . . does not require the recusal of the entire district attorney’s office if any of its assistant district attorneys previously worked on the case. In fact, the Louisiana Supreme Court, as recent as 2018, has not required that an entire district attorney’s office be recused, simply because an assistant district attorney previously worked on a case that is under the prosecutorial authority of the office.”) (citing State v. Battaglia, 17-1451, p. 3 (La. 2/14/18), 318 So.3d 695, 697; State v. Ellis, 13-1401, p. 26 (La. App. 4 Cir. 2/4/15), 161 So.3d 64, 80 (“The recusal of an assistant district attorney does not require the recusal of the district attorney or his/her other assistants.”)).